Mega-Regional Trade Agreements PDF
Preview Mega-Regional Trade Agreements
Thilo Rensmann Editor Mega- Regional Trade Agreements Mega-Regional Trade Agreements Thilo Rensmann Editor Mega-Regional Trade Agreements Editor ThiloRensmann FacultyofLaw UniversityofAugsburg Augsburg,Germany ISBN978-3-319-56662-7 ISBN978-3-319-56663-4 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017941764 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Thepresentvolumebringstogetherateamofdistinguishedauthorsofferingabroad range of perspectives on the key strategic, structural and substantive issues raised by so-called mega-regional trade agreements and their impact on the future of internationaltradeandinvestmentlaw. Duringthelastfewyears,themajorglobaleconomicpowershavebeeninvolved intheambitiousprocessofnegotiatinganewgenerationoffreetradeagreements. In15roundsofnegotiationssince2013,theEuropeanUnion(EU)andtheUnited States(US)havemadeconsiderableprogresstowardshammeringoutadraftfora Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Meanwhile in the Pacific Rim, the United States, Japan and ten other states have already succeeded in finalizing the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which, following its signature in February2016,isnowawaitingratification. Inordertocapturetheiruniquefeatures,theTTIPandTPPareoftenreferredtoas mega-regionaltradeagreementsormega-regionals.Bothagreementsintroduceanew orderofmagnitudeintermsofeconomicvolumecoveredandthedepthofeconomic integrationenvisaged.Asaresultofthesenewdimensions,mega-regionalshavenot only aroused curiosity amongst legal scholars and practitioners but have also taken centrestageinpoliticsandpublicdebate.Acrosstheregions,increasingnumbersof peoplehavebeenvoicingtheirconcernsabouttheperceivedthreatsposedbytheTTIP, theTPPandsimilaragreementssuchastheEU-CanadaComprehensiveEconomicand TradeAgreement(CETA).WhatstartedaslargedemonstrationsinEuropehasnow sweptacrosstheAtlanticandreachedthenewUSadministration.InJanuary2017,the UnitedStatesinformedtheothersignatoriesthatitdoesnotintendtobecomeapartyto theTPP,andtheTTIPnegotiationswiththeEUhavebeenputonthebackburner. Although the future of both agreements is therefore highly uncertain, mega- regionalsaredestinedtoleavealastingimprintonthefutureofinternationaltrade andinvestmentlaw.Fromtheoutset,mega-regionaltradeagreementshavereached far beyond simply regulating economic relations between the negotiating parties. Since multilateral trade talks are currently stalled within the Doha Development Round,oneofthekeystrategicaimspursuedbymega-regionalsistoprovidenew v vi Preface impetusanddirectiontoglobaleconomicgovernance.Inthissensemega-regionals areintendedtosetabenchmarkforthefuturedesignoftheworldeconomicorder. As Edouard Bourcieuputs itaptly in thisvolume, the TPP and TTIP negotiations have provided “a unique laboratory” for devising and testing new approaches to regulating international trade and investment. Equally unique is the intensity of publicdebatewhichhasaccompaniedthenegotiationsandsignificantlyinfluenced theresultsachievedthusfar. TheTPPandtheTTIPnegotiationswillthereforeremainanessentialreference pointforthefuturedevelopmentofinternationaltradeandinvestmentlawregard- less of whether the two agreements eventually enter into force. At a moment at whichuncertaintyaboundsastothefutureofinternationaleconomicgovernance,it appearstobeparticularlytimelytotakestockoftheideasdevelopedinthe“mega- regionals laboratory” and to test their viability as building blocks for further liberalizationandintegrationattheregional,transregionalandgloballevels. This project was conceived and planned within the framework of the Global TranSAXion research group at the University of Dresden which was funded by a generousgrantfromtheEUandtheFreeStateofSaxony.Iwouldliketothankall membersoftheGlobalTranSAXionteamwho,undertheleadershipofDr.Heidrun Gross, made an invaluable contribution to formulating the research agenda and layingthefoundationsforthispublication. InitialversionsofthechaptersinthisbookwerepresentedinOctober2014ata conference in Dresden organized by the Global TranSAXion research group. Wherever possible, the contributions were subsequently updated and revised in anattempttokeepabreastoftherapiddevelopmentsintheinterveningperiod.Iam thereforemostgratefultoallauthorsfortheireffort,careandattentioninpreparing their contributions and in particular for their loyalty and patience throughout the entiregenesisofthisvolume. Duringtheeditorialprocess,Ireceivedvaluableandindefatigablesupportfromthe entireGlobalTranSAXionteamaswellasthestaffatmyformerandcurrentchairsin Dresden and Augsburg. I am very grateful to Johannes Baier, Leonie Born, Paul Huber, Moritz Krause, Luise Seifert, Thomas Strehler, Natasha Thomson, Robert Tonndorf,Marie-TheresU¨berleinandMarieWinteraswellasmyformersecretary EleonoraHummelfortheirassistanceinpreparingthemanuscriptforsubmission. MyassistantsJohannaStahlmannandUlrikeWillplayedakeyroleinbringing the project to a successful conclusion by managing and supervising the decisive stages of the editorial process. I am deeply indebted to them for their unfailing enthusiasmanddedication. Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketoexpressmythankstoourpublisherforsharing ourbeliefinthetimelinessandtopicalityofthisproject.Weareparticularlygrateful toDr.BrigitteReschkeandManuelaSchwietzerfortheiradviceandsupport. Augsburg,Germany ThiloRensmann Contents PartI SettingtheScene Mega-Regionals:Challenges,OpportunitiesandResearch Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Peter-TobiasStoll PartII StrategicandStructuralIssues TheStrategicDimensionoftheTransatlanticTradeandInvestment Partnership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 EdouardBourcieu DemocraticLegitimacyoftheCETAandTTIPAgreements?. . . . . . . . 37 Ernst-UlrichPetersmann NotAsPreferentialAsYouMayThink:HowMega-Regionals CanBenefitThirdCountries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 JoostPauwelyn ExceptionClausesinMega-Regionals(InternationalInvestment ProtectionandTradeAgreements). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ArmanddeMestralandLukasVanhonnaeker PartIII LiberalisationandProtectionofForeignInvestment TheBraveNew(American)WorldofInternationalInvestmentLaw: SubstantiveInvestmentProtectionStandardsinMega-Regionals. . . . . 123 StephanW.SchillandHeatherL.Bray InteractionsBetweenInvestmentChaptersinMega-Regionals andBilateralInvestmentTreaties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 KarstenNowrot vii viii Contents PartIV InnovationandInternationalPropertyRights TheProspectsofTRIPS-PlusProtectioninFutureMega-Regionals. . . 191 ThomasCottier,DannieJost,andMichelleSchupp IntellectualPropertyintheTrans-PacificPartnership:Increasing theBarriersfortheAccesstoAffordableMedicines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 CarlosM.Correa SafeguardingPublicWelfare?IntellectualPropertyRights,Health andtheEvolutionofTreatyDraftinginInternationalInvestment Agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 BryanMercurio PartV EnergyGovernanceandtheGreenEconomy TheRoleofMega-RegionalsintheDecarbonization oftheEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 ChristopherFrey LiberalizingTradeinEnergyServicesandDomesticRegulation: NewApproachesinMega-Regionals?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 MarkusKrajewski PartVI EmergingTrendsinOtherRegulatoryAreas TradeAgreementsandInternationalCooperationonPublic ProcurementRegulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 BernardHoekman AddressingRegulatoryTradeBarriersinMega-RegionalTrade Agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 SimonLesterandInuManak Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 List of Contributors Edouard Bourcieu is an advisor to the representation of the European Commis- sion,Paris,France.Atthetimeofwritingthechapter,hewasinchargeoftheTrade StrategyUnit,EuropeanCommission,Brussels,Belgium Heather L. Bray is a doctoral candidate at the Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam,TheNetherlands Carlos M. Correa is a Professor and Director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Industrial Property and Economics (CEIDIE), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina and Special Advisor on Intellectual Property and Trade, South Centre,Geneva Thomas Cottier is Professor Emeritus of European and International Economic Law and the founding Director of the World Trade Institute at the University of Bern Armand de Mestral is an Emeritus Professor and Jean Monnet Professor at the FacultyofLaw,McGillUniversity,Montre´al,Canada ChristopherFrey isadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofDresden,Germany Bernard Hoekman is a Professor and Director of the Global Economics programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European Uni- versityInstituteinFlorence,Italy Dannie Jost is a senior research fellow and science advisor at the World Trade Institute,UniversityofBern,Switzerland MarkusKrajewski isProfessorofPublicLawandPublicInternationalLawatthe FacultyofLaw,UniversityofErlangen-Nürnberg,Germany SimonLester isatradepolicyanalystattheCatoInstitute,Washington,DC,USA InuManak isdoctoralcandidateattheDepartmentofGovernment,Georgetown University,Washington,DC,USA ix x ListofContributors Bryan Mercurio is a Professor and Associate Dean (Research) at the Faculty of LawattheChineseUniversityofHongKong,China Karsten Nowrot is Professor of Public Law, European Law and International EconomicLaw,UniversityofHamburg,Germany JoostPauwelyn isProfessorofLawattheGraduateInstituteofInternationaland DevelopmentStudies,Geneva,Switzerland,andVisitingProfessoratGeorgetown UniversityLawCenter,Washington,DC,USA Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann is Professor Emeritus of International and European LawandformerheadoftheLawDepartmentattheEuropeanUniversityInstitute, Florence,Italy Thilo Rensmann is Professor of Public, International and European Law at the UniversityofAugsburg,Germany Stephan W. Schill is Professor of International and Economic Law and Gover- nanceattheFacultyofLaw,UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands Michelle Schupp was a researcher at the Institute of European and International EconomicLaw,UniversityofBern,Switzerland.SheisajuristataSwisslawfirm andcandidatefortheSwissbarexam Peter-Tobias Stoll is Professor of Law and holds the Chair for Public Law and InternationalLawattheUniversityofG€ottingen,Germany.HeisactingManaging DirectoroftheInstituteforInternationalLawandEuropeanLawaswellasheadof theDepartmentofInternationalEconomicandEnvironmentalLaw Lukas Vanhonnaeker is a doctoral candidate at the Faculty of Law, McGill University,Montre´al,Canada
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