Mediterranean Quarantines 1750 1914 Space Identity and Power - John Chircop

331 Pages·1914·6.89 MB·English

Edited by John Chircop and
Francisco Javier Martinez

Space, identity and power

Mediterranean quarantines,
1750–1914

SOCIAL HISTORIES OF MEDICINE

Mediterranean quarantines,

1750–1914

SOCIAL HISTORIES OF MEDICINE

Series editors: David Cantor and Keir Waddington

Social Histories of Medicine is concerned with all aspects of health, illness and
medicine, from prehistory to the present, in every part of the world. The series
covers the circumstances that promote health or illness, the ways in which
people experience and explain such conditions, and what, practically, they do
about them. Practitioners of all approaches to health and healing come within its
scope, as do their ideas, beliefs, and practices, and the social, economic and
cultural contexts in which they operate. Methodologically, the series welcomes
relevant studies in social, economic, cultural, and intellectual history, as well as
approaches derived from other disciplines in the arts, sciences, social sciences
and humanities. The series is a collaboration between Manchester University
Press and the Society for the Social History of Medicine.

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and England Edited by Sandra Cavallo and Tessa Storey

Migrant architects of the NHS: South Asian doctors and the making of British
general practice (1940s–1980s) Julian M. Simpson

Mediterranean
Quarantines,
1750–1914

Space, identity and power

John Chircop and Francisco Javier Martínez

Manchester University Press

Copyright © Manchester University Press 2018

While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in
individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced
wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher.

Published by Manchester University Press
Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA

www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN
978 1 5261 1554 6
hardback

ISBN
978 1 5261 2736 5
open access

First published 2018

Electronic versions of the Introduction and Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8 have been made freely
available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of
the European Commission’s OpenAIRE project. A copy of the licence can be viewed at
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Contents

List of figures
page vii

List of tables
x

Notes on contributors
xi

Introduction: Mediterranean quarantine disclosed:
space, identity and power
1

John Chircop and Francisco Javier Martínez

Part I: Space
1 Quarantine and territory in Spain during the second

half of the nineteenth century
17

Quim Bonastra

2 Cholera epidemics, local politics and nationalism in
the province of Nice during the first half of the
nineteenth century
47

Dominique Bon

3 Mending ‘Moors’ in Mogador: Hajj, cholera and

Spanish–Moroccan regeneration, 1890–99
66

Francisco Javier Martínez

Part II: Identity
4 Quarantine in Ceuta and Malta in the travel writings
of the late eighteenth-century Moroccan ambassador
Ibn Uthmân Al-Meknassî
109

Malika Ezzahidi

vi
Contents

5 Policing boundaries: quarantine and professional

identity in mid nineteenth-century Britain
125

Lisa Rosner

6 Prevention and stigma: the sanitary control of

Muslim pilgrims from the Balkans, 1830–1914
145

Christian Promitzer

7 Contagion controversies on cholera and yellow
fever in mid nineteenth-century Spain: the case of
Nicasio Landa
170

Jon Arrizabalaga and Juan Carlos García-Reyes

Part III: Power
8 Quarantine, sanitisation, colonialism and the
construction of the ‘contagious Arab’ in the
Mediterranean, 1830s–1900
199

John Chircop

9 Epidemics, quarantine and state control in Portugal,

1750–1805
232

Laurinda Abreu

10 Quarantine and British ‘protection’ of the Ionian

Islands, 1815–64
256

Costas Tsiamis, Eleni Thalassinou, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou
and Angelos Hatzakis

11 Inland sanitary cordons and liberal administration in

southern Europe: Mallorca (Balearic Islands), 1820–70
280

Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora and Pere Salas-Vives

List of figures

1.1 Map of the maritime sanitary network proposed in
the Health Law of 1855 and the Royal Decree of
6 June 1860. Prepared by the author from data
taken from the Royal Decree of 6 June 1860.
page 26

1.2 Map of the quarantine network arising from the
amendments of 1866 to the Health Law. Prepared
by the author from data taken from the R.O. 17
April 1867, R.D. 24 April 1867 and R.O. 2
August 1867.
30

1.3 Map of the quarantine network resulting from
the Border Sanitary Regulations of 1899. Prepared
by the author from data taken from the
Border Sanitary Regulations of 1899.
40

3.1 Location and present-day state of Mogador
Island. Spain and Morocco: Map data © 2017
GeoBasis-DE/BKG (© 2009), Google, Inst.
Geogr. Nacional. Mogador: Map data © 2017 Google,
Inst. Geogr. Nacional. Mogador Island: Imagery
© 2017 CNES/Airbus, DigitalGlobe, Map data
© 2017 Google.
67

3.2 Portrait of Felipe Óvilo in ‘Moorish’ dress in
Marrakech, by Enrique Simonet 1894. Courtesy
of Milagro Óvilo.
72

viii
List of illustrations

3.3 Projet de règlement général pour le service de quarantaine
dans l’île de Mogador, 1896. Centre des Archives
Diplomatiques de Nantes, Tanger, légation 675PO
/B1/501.
80

3.4 Plan of Mogador Island with the quarantine
organisation proposed by Dr François, 9 March
1898. Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de
Nantes, légation 675PO/B1/501.
82

3.5 Map of the maritime sanitary borders of ‘peninsular
Spain’ and ‘African Spain’, 1890s. Map data © 2017
GeoBasis-DE/BKG (© 2009), Google, Inst. Geogr.
Nacional.
86

3.6 Portraits of ‘Moors’ Si Faddul Gharnit and
Muhammad al-Seffar, by Enrique Simonet 1894.
La Ilustración Española y Americana, 12 (30 March
1894), p. 204.
89

5.1 Plan of the Fort Duke of Braganza just off Boa
Vista, the initial point of McWilliam’s cluster
study. James Ormiston McWilliam, Report of
the Fever at Boa Vista, London: Presented to
the House of Commons, 1847.
134

5.2 Map documenting the spread of the fever to
villages of Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde. James
Ormiston McWilliam, Report of the Fever at Boa
Vista, London: Presented to the House of
Commons, 1847.
137

6.1 The Balkans and the Near East at the turn of

the twentieth century.
152

6.2 Muslim pilgrims experiencing the pouring of
water from the Zamzam well. Hristo Doktorov,
Izlozhenie varhu Karantinnata sluzhba v Varnenskiya
Karantinen rayon prez 1909 god [Report about the
quarantine service in the Quarantine District
of Varna for the year of 1908], Varna, Pechatnitsa
‘Vzaimnost’, 1911, p. 40.
161

6.3 A typical Muslim pilgrim from Bulgaria with
usual luggage. Source: Doktorov, Izlozhenie varhu
Karantinnata sluzhba, p. 40.
162

List of illustrations
ix

8.1 Chart of the Mediterranean as a main ‘corridor’
for the diffusion of cholera. Alfred Stille, Cholera.
Its Origins, History, Causation, Symptoms, Lesions,
Prevention and Treatment, Philadelphia, 1885.
205

9.1 Plague in 1756, path of communications.
233

9.2 Cordon sanitaire, 1800.
240

9.3 Cordon sanitaire, 1804.
246

9.4 Cordon sanitaire, Alentejo 1804.
248

10.1 The Ionian Islands.
258

10.2 Notes on ships’ arrivals in the diary of the Health
Magistrate of Corfu, 1816. General Archives of
State-Prefecture of Corfu, Magistrato di Sanità di
Corfu I, File 54.
264

10.3 Fede de partenza signed by the Protomedico of
Zante for a ship travelling to Corfu, 1816. General
Archives of State-Prefecture of Corfu, Magistrato
di Sanità di Corfu II, File 54, 1, f.41r.
265

10.4 Epidemic outbreaks of various infectious diseases
in the Ionian State, the Greek Kingdom and the
Greek territories of the Ottoman Empire.
267