Mediterranean Labor Markets in the First Age of Globalization: An Economic History of Real Wages and Market Integration PDF
Preview Mediterranean Labor Markets in the First Age of Globalization: An Economic History of Real Wages and Market Integration
MEDITERRANEAN LABOR MARKETS IN THE FIRST AGE OF GLOBALIZATION This page intentionally left blank MEDITERRANEAN LABOR MARKETS IN THE FIRST AGE OF GLOBALIZATION AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF REAL WAGES AND MARKET INTEGRATION Paul Caruana Galizia MEDITERRANEAN LABOR MARKETS IN THE FIRST AGE OF GLOBALIZATION Copyright © Paul Caruana Galizia, 2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-40108-3 All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-48630-4 ISBN 978-1-137-40084-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137400840 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Caruana Galizia, Paul, 1988– Mediterranean labor markets in the first age of globalization : an economic history of real wages and market integration / Paul Caruana Galizia. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Labor market—Mediterranean Region. 2. Migrant workers— Mediterranean Region. 3. Mediterranean Region—Emigration and immigration. 4. Wages—Mediterranean Region. I. Title. HD5811.84.A6C37 2015 331.1209182(cid:25)2—dc23 2014036237 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: March 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Jessica TTTTTThhhhhhiiiiiissssss ppppppaaaaaaggggggeeeeee iiiiiinnnnnntttttteeeeeennnnnnttttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnnaaaaaallllllllllllyyyyyy lllllleeeeeefffffftttttt bbbbbbllllllaaaaaannnnnnkkkkkk CONTENTS List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Acknowledgments xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. Theoretical and Empirical Foundations 5 3. Historical Context 11 4. Explaining Mediterranean Emigration 31 5. The Globalization of Trade and Labor Markets 67 6. Emigration and Wage Inequality 85 7. Global Migration and Wage Convergence 111 8. Conclusion 131 Appendix: Data Sources 137 Notes 145 References 175 Index 191 TTTTTThhhhhhiiiiiissssss ppppppaaaaaaggggggeeeeee iiiiiinnnnnntttttteeeeeennnnnnttttttiiiiiioooooonnnnnnaaaaaallllllllllllyyyyyy lllllleeeeeefffffftttttt bbbbbbllllllaaaaaannnnnnkkkkkk TABLES 2.1 Mediterranean unskilled laborer real wages as percentage of Mediterranean average 8 4.1 Gross emigration rates from the Mediterranean, 1830–1913 41 4.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of emigration rates, 1837–1915 55 4.3 Quadratic trends in emigration, 1837–1915 61 5.1 Average economy-wide ad valorem tariff rates in the Mediterranean 71 5.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of unskilled real wage gaps and tariffs, 1836–1913 80 6.1 OLS estimation of emigration rates, 1857–1913 100 6.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of wage growth differentials and emigration, 1857–1913 108 7.1 Time series tests of Mediterranean-Atlantic economy real wage integration 122 7.2 People born in “British Colonies and India” residing in Britain 123 7.3 Real wage gaps versus journey costs 128
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