Medieval Art

433 Pages·2004·215.72 MB·English

by  Marilyn Stokstad

M E D I E V A L ART

MARILYN STOKSTAD
MEDIEVAL ART
SECOND EDITION
New York London
First published 2004 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
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Copyright © 2004 by Marilyn Stokstad
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Text design by Brent Wilcox
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stokstad, Marilyn, 1929-
Medieval art / Marilyn Stokstad.-2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8133-4114-9 (pbk.: alk. paper)-ISBN 0-8133-3681-3 (hardcover: alk. paper)
1. Art, Medieval-History. I. Title.
N5970.S75 2004
709'.02-dc21
2003006643
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-4114-9 (pbk)
CONTENTS
Preface xi
1 \ AN INTRODUCTION TO MEDIEVAL ART 1
The True Cross, 1
BOX: The Idea of the Middle Ages, 3
Christianity and the Early Christian Church, 3
BOX: The Christian Story and Liturgical Cycles, 4
Traditional Roman Art, 6
BOX: From Idealism and Realism to Abstraction, 8
Official Art Under Constantine, 9
Constantine and the Christians, 10
Theodosius and Official Axt in the Later Fourth Century, 11
2 | THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD 13
Jewish and Christian Art Before Constantine, 14
Christian Art in the Age of Constantine, 21
BOX: Types and Typology, 22
Architecture, 23
BOX: The Christian Basilica: Sta. Sabina, 24
The Fifth Century, 32
BOX: Galla Placidia, 33
Rome in the Fifth Century, 34
Fifth-Century Architecture and Decoration Outside Rome, 38
BOX: Ezekiel and St. John, 40
v
vi CONTENTS
3 I THE EARLY BYZANTINE PERIOD
The First Golden Age 45
Architecture, 48
BOX: The Dome, 51
BOX: Neoplatonism and the Aesthetics of Light, 54
Byzantine Mosaics, 58
BOX: Monasticism, 65
Jewish Mosaics, 65
Ivories and Manuscripts, 67
Icons and Iconoclasm, 72
4 I| EARLY MEDIEVAL ART IN THE WEST 75
A Brief History, 78
BOX: Barbarian Imagery, 78
The Art of the Goths and Langobards, 79
BOX: Visigothic Scholar, 80
The Art of the Merovingian Franks, 82
The Art of the Vendels and Vikings, 86
BOX: Viking Westward Exploration, 88
Art in the British Isles, 89
BOX: Anglo-Saxon Riddles, 92
5 | CAROLINGIAN ART 101
BOX: The Value of Art, 103
Carolingian Architecture, 103
Carolingian Painting and Sculpture, 109
Later Carolingian Art, 114
BOX: How to Make Ink, 119
BOX: Monks, Canons, and Lay Abbots, 120
6 | RIVALS FROM THE EAST
Byzantine and Islamic Art 127
The Middle Byzantine Period, 867-1204, 129
The Middle Byzantine Church, 133
CONTENTS vii
BOX: The Hierarchy of Angels, 137
Byzantine Art Outside the Empire, 139
Byzantine Art in the West, 140
The Byzantine Contribution to the Art of the West, 141
Islamic Art, 143
Architecture, 144
The Decorative Arts, 146
The Norman Kingdom in Sicily: A Unique Case Study, 148
BOX: A Royal Palace, 153
BOX: The Imperial Ideal: Early Medieval Reactions to Ancient Rome, 154
7 | ART AT THE MILLENNIUM
The Imperial Tradition Continues 155
Asturian and Mozarabic Art in Spain, 157
Mozarabic Art in Northern Spain, 158
BOX: Mozarabic andMudejar Art, 158
The Lombard-Catalan Style in Italy, France, and Catalonia (Catalunya), 161
BOX: Masonry Construction, 163
The Congregation of Cluny, 166
The Art of Scandinavia and the British Isles, 168
BOX: Timber Construction Techniques, 169
BOX: Anglo-Saxon Painting, 172
The Art of the Ottonian Empire, 173
Ottonian Church Treasures, 180
Ottonian Architecture and Bronze Sculpture, 182
BOX: Bronze Casting, 187
8 | ROMANESQUE ART 191
BOX: The European Economy in the Twelfth Century, 192
Secular Architecture, 193
The Empire and the Papacy, 194
Catalonia (Catalunya), 201
The “Pilgrimage Style” in Languedoc and Northern Spain, 202
BOX: Romanesque Aesthetics, 204
viii CONTENTS
Burgundy, 208
The Cistercians, 216
BOX: Cistercian Building, 218
Western France (Aquitaine), 219
Normandy and England, 222
BOX: On the Diverse Arts, 225
9 I ORIGINS OF GOTHIC ART
The (iYear 1200” Style 227
The First Gothic Churches, 229
BOX: The Term “Gothic, ” 229
BOX: How We Refer to Cathedrals, 233
Stained Glass, 234
Early Gothic Sculpture, 236
BOX: How to Make a Stained-Glass Window, 237
The New Gothic Cathedrals, 240
BOX: Flying Buttresses, 244
English Gothic Art, 247
Books for Women, 250
Art of the “Year 1200,” 251
The Spread of Early Gothic Art, 256
10 | MATURE GOTHIC ART 259
The Cathedral of Chartres, 261
The Architecture of Cathedrals, 264
BOX: The Seven-Spire Church, 27A
Architectural Sculpture, 275
BOX: Villard de Honnecourt, 283
BOX: Roman de la Rose (Romance of the Rose), 284
Gothic Art in England, 285
Gothic Art in the Empire: Germany and Italy, 290
BOX: Franciscans and Dominicans, 295
The Art of the French Court and the Rayonnant Style, 296
Approaches to Gothic Art, 300
BOX: The Royal Ideal: The Gothic Reaction to the Romanesque, 302
CONTENTS IX
II 1 RAYONNANT GOTHIC AND ITS REVERBERATIONS 303
The Later Rayonnant Style, 304
BOX: Guillaume de Machaut, 307
England and the Decorated Style, 310
BOX: The Elaboration of the Ribbed Vault, 312
BOX: Mabel of Bury St. Edmonds, 318
Gothic Art in German Lands, 319
The Synagogue, 322
Catalonia (Catalunya), 324
Gothic Art in Italy, 325
Fourteenth-Century Italian Painting, 329
The Character of Gothic Art, 334
12 | LATE GOTHIC ART 335
The End of the Middle Ages, 352
Timeline: Europe in the Middle Ages 355
Glossary 365
Selected Readings 379
Photo Credits 389
Index 395