Medicolegal reporting in orthopaedic trauma PDF
Preview Medicolegal reporting in orthopaedic trauma
MEDICOLEGAL REPORTING IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA CommissioningEditor:MichaelHouston DevelopmentEditor:JoanneScott EditorialAssistant:PoppyGarraway ProjectManager:SrikumarNarayanan Design:CharlesGray IllustrationManager:GillianRichards MarketingManagers(UK/USA):RichardJones/CaraJespersen F O U R T H E D I T I O N MEDICOLEGAL REPORTING IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA Michael A. Foy BM, FRCS Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Great Western Hospital Swindon, UK Phillip S. Fagg MBBS, FRCS Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospital Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2010 CHURCHILLLIVINGSTONEanimprintofElsevierLimited ã2010,ElsevierLimited.Allrightsreserved. Firstedition1990 Secondedition1996 Thirdedition2002 Fourthedition2010 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,without permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationabout thePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyright ClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/ permissions. ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher (otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroaden ourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecome necessary.Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusing suchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers, includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Withrespecttoanydrugorpharmaceuticalproductsidentified,readersareadvisedtocheckthemost currentinformationprovided(i)onproceduresfeaturedor(ii)bythemanufacturerofeachproducttobe administered,toverifytherecommendeddoseorformula,themethodanddurationofadministration,and contraindications.Itistheresponsibilityofpractitioners,relyingontheirownexperienceandknowledgeof theirpatients,tomakediagnoses,todeterminedosagesandthebesttreatmentforeachindividualpatient, andtotakeallappropriatesafetyprecautions. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideas containedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-443-06833-1 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Medicolegalreportinginorthopaedictrauma.–4thed. 1.Woundsandinjuries–GreatBritain.2.Fractures– GreatBritain.3.Medicaljurisprudence–GreatBritain. I.Foy,MichaelA.II.Fagg,PhillipS. 346.4’10323-dc22 LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress PrintedinChina Lastdigitistheprintnumber: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ListofContributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Section 1 Medicolegal practice 1 The orthopaedic surgeon’s viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Martin F. Gargan 2 The legal viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 David Roberts Bertie Leigh 3 The orthopaedic surgeon in court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Kate Hill Section 2 Results following upper limb fractures 4 The shoulder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Phillip S. Fagg 5 The humerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Phillip S. Fagg 6 The elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Phillip S. Fagg 7 The forearm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Phillip S. Fagg 8 The wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Phillip S. Fagg Carlos Heras-Palou 9 Hand injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Carlos Heras-Palou Section 3 Results following lower limb fractures 10 The hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Michael A. Foy 11 The femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Aswinkumar Vasireddy Michael A. Foy 12 The knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 G. Philip Wilde 13 The tibia and fibula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Michael A. Foy 14 The ankle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Louise Nordin Michael A. Foy 15 The foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Roger M. Atkins v Contents Section 4 Results following fractures of the axial skeleton 16 The pelvis and acetabulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Martin D. Bircher Mark Rickman 17.1 The cervical spine: whiplash injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Gordon Bannister Rouin Amirfeyz 17.2 The cervical spine: fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 John Hutchinson 18 Assessment of patients with low back problems in the medicolegal setting . . . . . . . . . . 375 Michael A. Foy 19 Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Anthony J.B. Fogg Michael A. Foy 20 Traumatic spinal cord injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Anbananden Soopramanien 21 Head injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Chittoor. J. Rajaraman David A. Jellinek Section 5 Miscellaneous topics 22 Soft tissue injuries, including burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Andrew Hart Simon P.J. Kay 23 Peripheral nerve injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Grey E.B. Giddins 24 The psychological effects of trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Gordon J. Turnbull Roger N. Bloor 25 Complex regional pain syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Roger M. Atkins 26 Arm pain and work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 Tim R.C. Davis 27 Radiology in medicolegal practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 David J. Wilson 28 Hand–arm vibration syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Christopher L. Welsh 29 Medicolegal aspects of cauda equina syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Nicholas V. Todd Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 vi Preface When we first discussed writing a book about medicolegal We are truly grateful to our contributors and their families reporting over twenty years ago little did we realise that its for the valuable time they have given up in the preparation of successwouldleadtoafourthedition.Wearealsoproudthat their chapters. the third edition won the Minty prize at the Society of PhillipFaggisgratefultoEileenAustinforinvaluablesecre- Authors and Royal Society of Medicine Book Award in 2002. tarial help and Jean Johnson for her tireless work as his Over those twenty years, and more especially since the research assistant. third edition, the profile of the medical expert in court has MichaelFoywouldliketoacknowledgeadviceandguidance beenhighlyscrutinizedandthecaseofProfessorRoyMeadows providedbyMJPIvoryandDrMichaelAdamsintheprepara- hashighlightedtheimportanceoftheaccuracyoftheevidence tionofchaptersonTheHip,TheTibiaandFibula,andAssess- experts give and the importance of not straying into areas ment of Patients with Low Back Problems in the Medicolegal outside one’s own expertise. Setting,respectively. It is therefore important that this book is not regarded OurthanksalsogototheeditorialstaffofElsevierLtdwho by newcomers to personal injury litigation as giving them a encouraged us to meet deadlines. "licensetopractice".Itisimportantthattheyavailthemselves Last but not least we also wish to thank our wives, Judith of the many courses that are now available. However, we and Denise, for their support during this project. hope that, once suitably trained, this book will help in the Phillip S Fagg preparation of the report and save a lot of unnecessary hours Michael A Foy in researching the literature. 2010 vii This page intentionally left blank List of Contributors RouinAmirfeyzMD,MSc,FRCS(Trau&Orth) AndrewHartMBChBBSc(Hon),MRCS,AFRCS,MD(Hon),PhD, SpecialistRegistrarinTraumaandOrthopaedics,Departmentof FRCS(Plast) TraumaandOrthopaedics,BristolRoyalInfirmary,Bristol,UK ConsultantHandandPlasticSurgeon,CanniesburnPlasticSurgery Unit,GlasgowRoyalInfirmary;HonorarySeniorResearchFellow, TheUniversityofGlasgow;DeputyEditor,JournalofPlastic RogerM.AtkinsMA,MB,BS,DM,FRCS ReconstructiveandAestheticSurgery,Glasgow,UK ProfessorofOrthopaedicSurgery,UniversityofBristol;Consultant OrthopaedicSurgeon,DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,Bristol RoyalInfirmary,Bristol,UK CarlosHeras-PalouFRCS(Trau&Orth) ConsultantinHandandWristSurgery,PulvertaftHandCentre, RoyalDerbyHospital,Derby,UK GordonBannisterMD,MCh(Orth),FRCS,FRCS(Ed),FRCS(EdOrth) ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,NorthBristolNHSTrust,Professor ofOrthopaedicSurgeryUniversityofBristol,Bristol,UK KateHillBA(Hon),CPE,LSF Solicitor,PrivatePractice,London,UK MartinD.BircherFRCS ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,St.George’sHospital, JohnHutchinsonMBBCh,BaO,FRCS,MMedSci,FRCS(Orth) London,UK ConsultantOrthopaedicSpinalSurgeon FrenchayHospital,Bristol,UK RogerN.BloorMD,MPsyMed,FRCPsych ConsultantPsychiatristandTeachingFellow,KeeleUniversity DavidA.JellinekBSc(Hon),MB,BChir,MD,FRCS(SN) MedicalSchool,Stoke-on-Trent,UK HonorarySeniorLecturerinNeurosurgery,Department ofNeurosurgery,UniversityofSheffield,Sheffield,UK TimR.C.DavisMB,ChB,BSc,FRCS,MCh SpecialProfessorinTraumaandOrthopaedicSurgeryand SimonP.J.KayBA,FRCSE(Hon),FRCS(Plast) ConsultantHandSurgeon,UniversityHospitalQueensMedical ConsultantHandandPlasticSurgeon,DepartmentofPlastic,Hand Centre,Nottingham,UK andReconstructiveSurgery,President;TheBritishAssociationof Plastic,ReconstructiveandAestheticSurgery,ProfessorofHand Surgery,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,UK PhillipS.FaggMBBS,FRCS ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,DoncasterandBassetlaw HospitalDoncaster,UK BertieLeighHonFRCPCH,FRCOGadeundem SeniorPartner,Hempsons,ChairNCEPOD,London,UK AnthonyJ.B.FoggBSc,MBBS,FRCS ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,GreatWesternHospital, LouiseNordinMRCS Swindon,UK OrthopaedicRegistrar,OrthopaedicDepartment,Southampton GeneralHospital,Southampton,UK MichaelA.FoyBM,FRCS ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,GreatWesternHospital, ChittoorJ.RajaramanMBBS,MRCS(Gensurg),FRCS(Neurosurg) Swindon,UK ConsultantNeurosurgeon,DepartmentofNeurosurgery, HullandEastYorkshireHospitalNHSTrust,Hull,UK MartinF.GarganMA(Hon)Oxon,FRCS(Tr+Orth) ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon,BristolRoyalInfirmary, MarkRickmanMDFRCS(Tr&Orth) Bristol,UK ConsultantOrthopaedicandTraumaSurgeon,Departmentof Orthopaedics,St.GeorgesHospital,London,UK GreyE.B.GiddinsMBBCh,FRCS(Orth),DBA,EDHS ConsultantOrthopaedicandHandSurgeon,RoyalUnitedHospital, DavidRobertsLLB,PhD Bath,UK Partner,Hempsons,Harrogate,UK ix
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