Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe

278 Pages·2017·5.619 MB·English

by  Andrew Cunningham, Ole Peter Grell

7
1
0
2
y
a
M
8
2
9
4
:
5
1
t
a
]
o
g
e
i
D
n
a
S
,
a
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C

f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe
7
1
0
2
y
a
M
8
2
9
4
:
5
1
t
a
]
o
g
e
i
D
n
a
S
a,
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
7
1
0
2
y
a
M
8 The History of Medicine in Context
2
9
4 Series Editors: Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell
:
5
1
at Department of History and Philosophy of Science
o] University of Cambridge
g
e
i
D Department of History
n The Open University
a
S
a,
i
n
r Titles in this series include:
o
f
i
l
a Health Care and Poor Relief in 18th and 19th Century Southern Europe
C
f Edited by Ole Peter Grell, Andrew Cunningham and Bernd Roeck
o
y
it Hospital Care and the British Standing Army, 1660–1714
s
r
e Eric Gruber von Arni
v
i
n
U The Making of Addiction
[
y The ‘Use and Abuse’ of Opium in Nineteenth-Century Britain
b
d Louise Foxcroft
e
d
oa Melancholy and the Care of the Soul
l
n Religion, Moral Philosophy and Madness in Early Modern England
w
o Jeremy Schmidt
D
Health, Sickness, Medicine and the Friars in the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
Angela Montford
Medicine and Religion in
Enlightenment Europe
7
1
0
2
y
a
M
8
2
9
4
:
5
1
t
a
] Edited by
o
g
e
i
D
n OLE PETER GRELL
a
S and
,
a
i ANDREW CUNNINGHAM
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
RO Routledge
U
T
LED Taylor & Francis Group
G
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published2007 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square , Milton Park , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge(cid:3)is(cid:3)an(cid:3)imprint(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Taylor(cid:3)&(cid:3)Francis(cid:3)Group,(cid:3)an(cid:3)informa(cid:3)business
7 Copyright © Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham 2007
1
0
2
y All(cid:3)rights(cid:3)reserved.(cid:3)No(cid:3)part(cid:3)of(cid:3)this(cid:3)book(cid:3)may(cid:3)be(cid:3)reprinted(cid:3)or(cid:3)reproduced(cid:3)
a
M or(cid:3)utilised(cid:3)in(cid:3)any(cid:3)form(cid:3)or(cid:3)by(cid:3)any(cid:3)electronic,(cid:3)mechanical,(cid:3)or(cid:3)other(cid:3)means,(cid:3)
8 now(cid:3)known(cid:3)or(cid:3)hereafter(cid:3)invented,(cid:3)including(cid:3)photocopying(cid:3)and(cid:3)
2
9 recording,(cid:3)or(cid:3)in(cid:3)any(cid:3)information(cid:3)storage(cid:3)or(cid:3)retrieval(cid:3)system,(cid:3)without(cid:3)
4 permission(cid:3)in(cid:3)writing(cid:3)from(cid:3)the(cid:3)publishers.
:
5
1
t Notice:
a
] Product(cid:3)or(cid:3)corporate(cid:3)names(cid:3)may(cid:3)be(cid:3)trademarks(cid:3)or(cid:3)registered(cid:3)trademarks,(cid:3)
o
g and(cid:3)are(cid:3)used(cid:3)only(cid:3)for(cid:3)identification(cid:3)and(cid:3)explanation(cid:3)without(cid:3)intent(cid:3)to(cid:3)
e
Di infringe.
n
a
S Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham have asserted their moral right under the Copyright,

a, D e signs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.
i
n
or British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
f
i Medicine and religion in Enlightenment Europe. – (The history of medicine in context)
l
a
C 1. Medicine – Religious aspects 2. Medicine – Europe – History – 18th century 3. Physicians
f – Europe – History – 18th century 4. Enlightenment 5. Europe – Religion – 18th century
o
y I. Grell, Ole Peter II. Cunningham, Andrew, Dr
it 261.5’61’094’09033
s
r
e
v Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
i
n Medicine and religion in enlightenment Europe / edited by Ole P. Grell and Andrew
U
[ Cunningham.
y p. cm. – (The history of medicine in context)
b
d Includes index.
e
d ISBN 978-0-7546-5638-8 (hardback : alk. paper)
oa 1 . Medicine–Religious aspects–History. 2. Enlightenment–Europe. I. Grell, Ole Peter. II.
nl C u nningham, Andrew, Dr. III. Series. DNLM: 1. Religion and Medicine–Europe. 2. History
w
of Medicine–Europe. 3. History, 17th Century–Europe. 4. History, 18th Century–Europe.
o
D BL 65.M4 M489 2007]
BL65.M4M177 2007
201’.661094–dc22
2006036032
ISBN 9780754656388(cid:561)(cid:507)(cid:145)(cid:139)(cid:148)(cid:508)
Contents
List of Illustrations vi
List of Contributors viii
7 Acknowledgements ix
1
0
2
y Introduction ‘Where there are three physicians, there are two atheists’ 1
a Andrew Cunningham
M
8
2 1 Enlightenment, Radical Enlightenment and the ‘Medical Revolution’
9 of the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 5
4
5: Jonathan I. Israel
1
t
a
] 2 Physicians and Surgeons in the Service of the Inquisition: The Nexus
o
g of Religion and Conventional Medical Training in
e
i Enlightenment-Era Portugal 29
D
n Timothy Walker
a
S
, 3 The Ignorance of Midwives: The Role of Clergymen in Spanish
a
ni Enlightenment Debates on Birth Care 49
r
o José Pardo-Tomás and Àlvar Martínez-Vidal
f
i
l
a
C
4 Medicine, History and Religion in Naples in the Seventeenth and
f
o Eighteenth Centuries 63
y
t Maria Conforti
i
s
r
e
v 5 Tirami sù: Pope Benedict XIV and the Beatification of the Flying Saint
i
n
U Giuseppe da Copertino 79
[ Catrien Santing
y
b
d 6 Medicine, Enlightenment and Christianity in Eighteenth-Century France:
e
d
a The Library Evidence 101
o
l L.W.B. Brockliss
n
w
o
D 7 Moral Lessons of Perfection: A Comparison of Mennonite and
Calvinist Motives in the Anatomical Atlases of Bidloo and Albinus 121
Rina Knoeff
8 ‘Imperfect Chaos’: Tropical Medicine and Exotic Natural History
c. 1700 145
Benjamin Schmidt
vi MEDICINE AND RELIGION IN ENLIGHTENMENT EUROPE
9 Johann Anton von Wolter (1711–87): A Bavarian Court Physician
between Aufklärung and Reaktion? 173
Claudia Stein
10 A Medical Miracle Revisited: The Enlightenment Debate on a
Miraculous Golden Tooth 195
Robert Jütte
7 11 Between Anatomy and Religion: The Conversions to Catholicism of the
1
0 Two Danish Anatomists Nicolaus Steno and Jacob Winsløw 205
2
y Ole Peter Grell
a
M
8 12 Medicine, Witchcraft and the Politics of Healing in Late-
2
9 Seventeenth-Century England 223
4 Peter Elmer
:
5
1
at 13 Psychology and the Laws of Nature: From Souls to the Powers of the
o] Mind in the Scottish Enlightenment 243
g
e John Henry
i
D
n Index 259
a
S
a,
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
List of Illustrations
2.1 Main court, University of Coimbra (seventeenth century). 32
7 2.2 Torture session: Portuguese Inquisition. 41
1
0
2
y 5.1 Prospero Lambertini. 80
a 5.2 San Giuseppe Copertino in ecstasy seeing the Sanctuary of Loreto,
M
1754, by Ludovico Mazzanti, in the Basilica Santuario di San
8
2 Giuseppe, Osimo. Courtesy of Comune di Bologna. 81
9 5.3 Microscope of Lambertini. Wellcome Library, London. 85
4
:
5
1
t 6.1 Portrait of Esprit-Claude-François Calvet (1728–1810),
a
] by Philippe Sauvan. Musée Calvet, Avignon. 113
o
g
e
i 7.1 Govard Bidloo, Anatomia humani corporis, 1685, plate 52.
D
n Courtesy of Groningen University Library. 125
a 7.2 Govard Bidloo, Anatomia humani corporis, 1685, plate 63.
S
a, Courtesy of Groningen University Library. 127
ni 7.3 Govard Bidloo, Brieven der Gemartelde Apostelen, 1675,
r
o Frontispiece. Courtesy of Groningen University Library. 131
f
i
l 7.4 Govard Bidloo, Anatomia humani corporis, 1685, plate 12.
a
C
Courtesy of Groningen University Library. 133
f
o 7.5 Govard Bidloo, Anatomia humani corporis, 1685, plate 30.
y
t Courtesy of Groningen University Library. 134
i
rs 7.6 Bernard Siegfried Albinus, Tabulae sceleti, 1734, plate 1.
e
v United States National Library of Medicine,
i
n
U National Institutes of Health. 140
[
y
b 8.1 ‘Coral tree and emperor’ in Maria Sibylla Merian, Metamorphosis
d Insectorum Surinamensium (Amsterdam, [1705]). 152
e
d
a 8.2 ‘Planche Dixième’ in Louis Renard, Poissons, écrivisses et
o
l crabes de diverses couleurs et figures extraordinaires,
n
w que l’on trouve autour des Isles Moluques et sur
o
D les côtes des Terres Australes, 2 vols (Amsterdam, 1718). 153
8.3 Cornelis de Man, The Curiosity Dealer, c. 1700?. Musée Dapper, Paris. 157
8.4 Frontispiece from Simon de Vries, Curieuse aenmerckingen
der bysonderste Oost en West Indische verwonderens-waerdige
dingen (Utrecht, 1682). 160
viii MEDICINE AND RELIGION IN ENLIGHTENMENT EUROPE
8.5 Plate 62 (vol. 1), in Albertus Seba, Locupletissimi rerum
naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus
artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam,
4 vols (Amsterdam, 1734–5 and 1758–65). 162
8.6 Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, De la natural hystoria de las Indias
(Toledo, 1526). 164
8.7 Plate 112 (vol. 1), in Albertus Seba, Locupletissimi rerum
naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus
7 artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam,
1
0 4 vols (Amsterdam, 1734–5 and 1758–65). 165
2
y 8.8 Henricus d’Acquet, ‘Insecta et animalia coloribus ad vivum picta,
a
M anno 1656, et sequentibus’, 3 parts ([Delft, 1708]) [book 2, no. 22]. 167
8 8.9 Title page from Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, De la natural hystoria
2
9 de las Indias (Toledo, 1526). 168
4
:
5
1
t
a
]
o
g
e
i
D
n
a
S
a,
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
List of Contributors
L.W.B. Brockliss, Magdalen College, Oxford, UK.
7 Maria Conforti, Sezione di Storia della Medicina, Università di Roma La Sapienza,
1
0 Italy.
2
y
a Andrew Cunningham, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University
M
of Cambridge, UK.
8
2
9 Peter Elmer, Department of History of Science, Technology and Medicine, The
4
5: Open University, UK.
1
t
a
] Ole Peter Grell, Department of History, The Open University, UK.
o
g
e
i John Henry, Science Studies Unit, University of Edinburgh, UK.
D
n
a Jonathan I. Israel, School of Historical Studies, Institute for Advanced Studies,
S
a, Princeton University, USA.
i
n
r
o Robert Jütte, Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, Germany.
f
i
l
a
C
Rina Knoeff, Department of History, University of Leiden, Netherlands.
f
o
y
t José Pardo Tomás, Institució Milà i Fontanals, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
i
s
r
e
v Catrien Santing, Department of History, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
i
n
U
[ Benjamin Schmidt, Department of History, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
y
b
d Claudia Stein, Department of History, University of Warwick, UK.
e
d
a
o
l Àlvar Martínez Vidal, CEHIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
n
w
o
D Timothy Walker, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, USA; and Universidade
Aberta de Lisboa, Portugal.