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Л. Г. Романова, М. П. Козьма MEDICINE Е Л Т Ь А С Д Т З В И О ОГПУ Учебное пособие МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФГБОУ ВПО «ОРЕНБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» Л. Г. Романова, М. П. Козьма MEDICINE Учебное пособие Оренбург Издательство ОГПУ 2015 УДК 811 (075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-1я73 Р69 Рецензенты С. В. Мангушев, кандидат филологических наук, доцент Т. Н. Галинская, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Романова Л. Г. Р69 Medicine : учебное пособие для студентов очного отделе- ния факультета иностранных языков / Л. Г. Романова, М. П. Козьма ; Мин-во образования и науки РФ, Оренбург. гос. пед. ун-т. — Оренбург : Изд-во ОГПУ, 2015. — 60 с. ISBN 978-5-85859-599-1 УДК 811 (075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-1я73 © Романова Л. Г., Козьма М. П., 2015 ISBN 978-5-85859-599-1 © Оформление. Изд-во ОГПУ, 2015 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ......................................................................................4 THE LAWS OF HEALTH ...........................................................................6 RAYMOND’S PROBLEMS WITH ADENOIDS ............................................11 EBOLA OUTBREAK .................................................................................15 I’VE JUST GOT TO TAKE IT ......................................................................22 THE EPIDEMIC .......................................................................................28 CONTROLLING FOOD URGES .................................................................33 VOCABULARY .........................................................................................38 VOCABULARY EXCERCISES ....................................................................48 VARIANT I ........................................................................................48 VARIANT II .......................................................................................50 VARIANT III ......................................................................................52 VARIANT IV ......................................................................................54 QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION ................................................................56 ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА .....................................................57 Appendix 1. Phrases expressing agreement and disagreement ............58 Appendix 2. Reported speech ...............................................................58 Appendix 3 ............................................................................................59 3 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Данное учебное пособие составлено в помощь препо- давателям для проведения занятий по практическому кур- су английского языка. Материалы данного пособия могут быть использованы для проведения занятий по практиче- скому курсу перевода английского языка. Пособие предназначено для студентов 2—4 курсов ан- глийского отделения. Целью предлагаемого пособия является развитие у уча- щихся навыков устной и письменной речи, изучение лекси- ческого материала по теме «MEDICINE», закрепление на основе изученной лексики грамматических структур, фор- мирование навыков монологической и диалогической речи, перевода текстов художественного и публицистического жанра, а также работа над фонетическими аспектами языка. Пособие может быть использовано в группах студен- тов различного уровня подготовки, поскольку разработ- ка к каждому тексту содержит упражнения разного уров- ня сложности, структура каждой разработки построена по принципу от простого к сложному. Согласно правилам методики преподавания английско- го языка, работа над каждым текстом предполагает фонети- ческую тренировку наиболее сложных слов, ознакомление с лексикой текста, последующее закрепление лексического материала. Студентам предлагается творчески подойти к переводу текстов, к составлению диалогов и монологических выска- зываний с использованием изученного вокабуляра. Кроме того, учащиеся получают возможность выразить свое мне- ние о важных и злободневных темах современной медици- ны. В пособие включены тексты из произведения Элизабет Стакли «Magnolia Buildings», работа с которыми позволяет не только развивать навыки перевода художественного тек- ста, но и изучить разговорную лексику по теме. 4 Таким образом, данное учебное пособие призвано не только способствовать овладению английским языком, но и развивать умение студентов анализировать, обобщать про- читанное и делать логические умозаключения. Преподаватели могут эффективно применять все пред- ложенные задания, варьируя их по своему усмотрению, в зависимости от учебного плана, конкретных задач препо- давания и языковой подготовленности студентов. 5 THE LAWS OF HEALTH I. Read and translate the following text. One of the first duties we owe to ourselves is to keep our bodies in perfect health. If our body suffers from any disorder, our mind suffers with it, and we are unable to make much progress in knowledge, and we unfit to perform those duties which are required of us in social life. There are certain laws of health which deserve particular attention and they are so simple that even a child can learn them. A constant supply of pure fresh air is indispensable to good health. To secure this, nothing impure should remain either within or near our homes, and every room in the house especially the bedrooms, should be properly ventilated every day. Perfect cleanliness is also essential. The whole body should be washed as often as possible. The skin is of minute pores, cells, blood vessels and nerves. It "breathes" the way the lungs do. Therefore it should always be clean. Besides its importance to health, there is a great charm in cleanliness. We like to look at one who is tidy clean. If the skin is kept clean, the teeth thoroughly brushed, the hair neatly combed, and the fingernails in order, we feel pleased with the person, even though his (her) clothes may be coarse and much mended. A certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep the body in perfect condition. All the powers (mental and bodily) we possess are strengthened by use and weakened by disuse, therefore labour and study should succeed each other. The best way of getting exercise is to engage in some work that is useful and at the same time interesting to the mind. It is most essential for the old and the young to do morning exercises with the widows wide open in your room or, if possible, in the open air. Remember that exercises warm, invigorate and purify the body. Rest is also necessary to the health of body and mind. The best time for sleep is during the darkness and stillness of the night. Late hours are very harmful to the health as they exhaust the nervous system. We should go to bed early and get up early. It is 6 a good rule to rise with the lark and go to bed with the lark. Most essential to our body is food. Our body is continually wasting, and requires to be repaired by fresh stance. Be moderate in eating, if you eat slowly, you will not overeat. Never swallow your food wholesale — you are provided with teeth for the purpose of chewing your food — and you will never complain of indigestion. We should abstain from everything that intoxicates. The evils of intemperance, especially of alcohol, are too well known. Intemperance excites bad passions and leads to quarrels and crimes. Alcohol costs a lot of money, which might be used for better purposes. The mind is stupefied by drink and the person who drinks will, in course of time, become unfit for his duties. Both health and character are often ruined. Thus we must remember that moderation in eating and drinking, reasonable hours of labour and study, clarity in exercise, recreation and rest, cleanliness and many other essentials lay the foundations for good health and long life. II. Read, translate and transcribe the following words and expressions, give explanation of their meaning. Say in what situations these words and combinations are used. To owe to smb/oneself To keep one’s body in perfect health To suffer from a disorder/a disease/an illness To fit/to unfit to do smth To deserve particular attention To be indispensable to smth To be properly ventilated A pore A cell A blood vessel A nerve Lungs To keep smb in perfect condition To be strengthened by use To be weakened by disuse To invigorate the body 7 To exhaust the nervous system To rise with the lark To be moderate in eating To overeat To swallow food wholesale To complain of indigestion/headache/backache, etc. To abstain from smth To intoxicate The evils of intemperance To excite bad passions The mind is stupefied To lay the foundations for good health III. Give the three forms of the following verbs, translate and transcribe them. To keep, to suffer, to make, to fit, to unfit, to perform, to require, to deserve, to learn, to breathe, to brush, to comb, to feel, to get, to sleep, to rise, to raise, to take, to eat, to overeat, to chew, to know, to lead, to cost, to drink, to lay, to lie. IV. Translate, transcribe and pronounce the following words, use them in the sentences of your own. Disorder, indispensable, breathe, breath, thoroughly, to use, use, to disuse, disuse, exhaust, exhaustion, essential, alcohol, moderate, moderation, recreation, digest, indigestion. V. Translate the sentences from English into Russian using the active vocabulary. 1. Blood vessels are a very important part of the organism which transport blood from one organ to another. 2. Skin is a very complicated organ which protects the body from the environment and which contacts with it through the pores. 3. Skin is considered to be the “mirror” of the organism. If a person suffers from a disorder or an illness it may be reflected on our skin. 4. Purity of your house deserves particular attention as a man cannot be healthy living in a dirty place. Hygiene has been considered the most essential part of health since ancient times. 8 5. When a person suffers from flu doctors recommend to ventilate the rooms properly to prevent the circulation of the air which contains germs. 6. Nerves are canals which transmit signals from the brain to the organs and parts of the body. 7. As any organ is weakened by disuse and strengthened by use it is necessary to invigorate our body with exercises. 8. It is considered to be good to rise with the lark, be active in daytime and have a rest at night. If you don’t have enough sleep you exhaust your nervous system. 9. Overeating is worse than hunger. If a person is moderate in eating he will never complain of stomachache and indigestion. 10. It is better to abstain from alcohol and smoking as they intoxicate the body and stupefy the mind. 11. Healthy habits which lay the foundation for good health must be known from the childhood. 12. To keep the body in perfect condition you must remember the rules of health which are indispensable to a healthy way of living. VI. Fill in the gaps using the words from the list. 1. Physical and mental health are the main duties that we … 2. Skin consists of millions of …, it is nourished by … and is innervated by … 3. … are the organ which supplies our body with oxygen. 4. Smoking and drinking are … that … the nervous system and … the mind. 5. Regular physical training … 6. As the man lay in bed for a long time his legs and arms … 7. A room must be clean and … 8. Millions of … let our skin breathe. 9. To … a person must observe the rules of health. 10. Alcohol and drugs … in a person and ruin his personality. 11. It is bad to … food … as it may cause … 12. Being … is the best way of curing indigestion. 9