MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SOUTH ASIA NOVEL SOURCES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY Editedby M A H UHAMMAD SIF ANIF DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan H N AQ AWAZ DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan M M K UHAMMAD UMTAZ HAN DepartmentofCropSciences,SultanQaboosUniversity,Muscat,Oman H J. B UGH YRNE FOCASResearchInstitute,TechnologicalUniversityofDublin,Ireland Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-08-102659-5 ForinformationonallElsevierpublicationsvisitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:SusanDennis AcquisitionEditor:EmilyM.McCloskey EditorialProjectManager:ReddingMorse ProductionProjectManager:VigneshTamil CoverDesigner:MilesHitchen TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Dedication ThepioneeringanddedicatedcontributionofProf.Atta-ur-Rahman,FRS (N.I., H.I., S.I., T.I.) [UNESCO Science Laureate, Co-Chairman UN Committee on Science, Technology and Innovation (UNESCAP), President Network of Academies of Science of Islamic Countries (NASIC), Former Federal Minister of Science & Technology/Chairman HEC, Fellowof Royal Society (London), Academician (Foreign member) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)] in the field of promoting higher education in developing countries and his innovative work in natural chemistry led usto dedicateour work to him. Contributors HassanImranAfridi NationalCentreofExcellenceinAnalyticalChemistry, UniversityofSindh,Jamshoro,Pakistan ChristianAgyare DepartmentofPharmaceutics(MicrobiologySection),Faculty ofPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences,KwameNkrumahUniversityof ScienceandTechnology,Kumasi,Ghana HafsaAhmad DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ShahzadMaqsoodAhmedBasra DepartmentofAgronomy,Universityof Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan AbdullahMohammedAl-Sadi DepartmentofCropSciences,Collegeof AgriculturalandMarineSciences,SultanQaboosUniversity,Muscat,Oman RashidAl-Yahyai DepartmentofCropSciences,SultanQaboosUniversity, Muscat,Oman TariqMahmoodAnsari InstituteofChemicalSciences,BahauddinZakariya University,Multan,Pakistan MuhammadAdnanAyub DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofOkara, Okara,Pakistan MuhammadWaqarAzeem DepartmentofChemistry,Universityof Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan SaimaBatool DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan KhemRajBhatta DepartmentofChemistry,St.Xavier’sCollegeMaitighar, Kathmandu,Nepal IjazAhmadBhatti DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan YawDuahBoakye DepartmentofPharmaceutics(MicrobiologySection), FacultyofPharmacyandPharmaceuticalSciences,KwameNkrumah UniversityofScienceandTechnology,Kumasi,Ghana ZarghounaChaudhry DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan R.M.Dharmadasa IndustrialTechnologyInstitute,Colombo,SriLanka MohamedEddouks FacultyofSciencesandTechniquesErrachidia,Moulay IsmailUniversity,Errachidia,Morocco xxiii xxiv Contributors PauloMichelPinheiroFerreira DepartmentofBiophysicsandPhysiology, LaboratoryofExperimentalCancerology,FederalUniversityofPiau´ı,Teresina, Brazil LamiaHamrouni Laboratoryofmanagementandvalorisationofforest resources,INRGREF-UniversityofCarthage,Ariana,Tunisia MuhammadAsifHanif DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan MaryamHanif DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AsmaHanif DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AbdullahIjazHussain DepartmentofChemistry,GovernmentCollege University,Faisalabad,Pakistan SabaIdrees DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan BazghaIjaz DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan FarihaIjaz DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AdanIqbal DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ZunairaIrshad DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan RafiaJaved DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan MuhammadIdreesJilani DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofSahiwal, Sahiwal,Pakistan UbirajaraLanzaJu´nior FederalUniversityofGoia´seSpecialAcademicUnitof HealthSciences-RegionalJata´ı,CourseofBiomedicine,CampusJatoba´ e UniversityCity-Brazil ChandraPrakashKala Ecosystem&EnvironmentManagement,Indian InstituteofForestManagement,Bhopal,India FarooqKhalid DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AyeshaKhalil DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan MaryamKhan DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan MuhammadMumtazKhan DepartmentofCropSciences,SultanQaboos University,Muscat,Oman OliKhan DepartmentofBotany,BangabasiCollege,Kolkata,India xxv Contributors SunilKhan DepartmentofBotany,HaripalVivekanandaCollege,Hooghly, India SelimaKhatun DepartmentofBotany,GovernmentGeneralDegreeCollege, Simgur,Hooghly,India RasheedAhmadKhera DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan Rados1awKowalski DepartmentofAnalysisandEvaluationofFoodQuality, UniversityofLifeSciencesinLublin,Lublin,Poland MohamadFawziMahomoodally DepartmentofHealthSciences,Facultyof Science,UniversityofMauritius,Mauritius MuhammadIrfanMajeed DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan NajmaMemon NationalCentreofExcellenceinAnalyticalChemistry, UniversityofSindh,Jamshoro,Sindh,Pakistan ShahabuddinMemon NationalCentreofExcellenceinAnalyticalChemistry, UniversityofSindh,Jamshoro,Pakistan MuhammadMubeenMohsin DepartmentofChemistry,Universityof Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan AyeshaMushtaq DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan ZahidMushtaq DepartmentofBiochemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan FarwaNadeem DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan RaziyaNadeem DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan HaqNawaz DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan MuhammadSaboorNayyar DepartmentofChemistry,Universityof Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan HumaNaz DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ShafaqNisar DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan IsiakaA.Ogunwande NaturalProductsResearchUnit,Departmentof Chemistry,FacultyofScience,LagosStateUniversity,Ojo,Lagos,Nigeria AncaRacoti TheNationalInstituteforResearch&DevelopmentinChemistry andPetrochemistryeICECHIM,Bucharest,Romania MuhammadRaffiShehzad DepartmentofChemistry,Universityof Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan ShafiqurRahman DepartmentofPharmaceuticalSciences,SouthDakotaState University,Brookings,SD,UnitedStates xxvi Contributors RafiaRehman DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ShaheeraRehmat DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan MuhammadRiaz DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofSargodha,Sargodha, Pakistan MehrezRomdhane LaboratoiredeRecherche:Energie,Eau,Environnementet Proce´de´s,ENIG,UniversityofGabe`s,Tunisia ShumailaSaif DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan SidraSarwar DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AsmaSeher DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan FarihaShabbir DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AsmaShaheen DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ShahzadAliShahidChatha DepartmentofChemistry,GovernmentCollege University,Faisalabad,Pakistan AmmaraShamim DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan AlexanderShikov St-PetersburgInstituteofPharmacy,Leningradregion, Vsevolozhskydistrict,Russia KiranSoomro NationalCentreofExcellenceinAnalyticalChemistry,University ofSindh,Jamshoro,Pakistan SajjadHussainSumrra DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofGujrat, Pakistan NaimaTariq DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan VahidTavallali DepartmentofAgriculture,PayameNoorUniversity(PNU), Tehran,Iran BuiThanhTung DepartmentofPharmacologyandClinicalPharmacy,Schoolof MedicineandPharmacy,VietnamNationalUniversity,Hanoi,Vietnam KinzaWaheed DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan AnamWaheed DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad, Pakistan ShahziaYousaf DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture, Faisalabad,Pakistan MuhammadNadeemZafar DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofGujrat, Gujrat,Pakistan MuhammadZubair DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofGujrat,Gujrat, Pakistan About the Editors Muhammad Hanif Dr. Hanif is an Associate Professor and Group Leader at the Nano and Biomaterials lab within the Department of Chemistry at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. His work focuses on natural prod- ucts and their analysis using advanced analytical chemistry, and he has published over 150 peer-reviewed journal articles, 10 books/manuals, and several book chapters. In addition, Dr. Hanif has supervised over 50 MPhil students and five PhD students. For outstanding contributions he has made to scientific development through the application of basic and applied scientific research, particularly in the field of chemical sci- ences (chemistry), and his unmatched services to the community as the benchmark of excellence, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences awarded himtheprestigious“GoldMedal”in2019.Heholds2PatentsonNatural Products fromPortugal andSpain. Affiliations and Expertise Associate Professor and Group Leader, Nano and Biomaterials Lab, DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAgriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan Haq Nawaz Dr.NawazisanAssistantProfessorwiththeNanoandBiomaterialsLab within the Department of Chemistry at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. His research focuses on natural products and their analysis using advanced organic chemistry and spectroscopy, and he has published over 35 peer-reviewed journal articles and several book chapters. Affiliations and Expertise Assistant Professor, Nano and Biomaterials Lab,Department of Chemis- try,University ofAgriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan Muhammad MumtazKhan MuhammadMumtazKhanisanAssociateProfessorofCropProduction/ Horticulture in the Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. He has over 30 years’experienceinresearchandteachingcropsciencewithaparticular focusonhorticulturalcropsandnutraceuticalhorticulturalplants.Hehas xxvii xxviii AbouttheEditors published more than 150 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers, edited one book on Lime and several book chapters. Since he started his academic career, he has taught a range of undergraduate/postgrad- uate courses and mentored a large number of MSc and PhD candidates. Duetohispioneerworkandabilitytoexpressnovelfindingsandhisser- vices to science/agriculture and the community, the Government of Pakistan awarded him the prestigious Presidential Award ‘‘Izazi Fazee- lat’’ in2007. Affiliations andExpertise Associate Professor of Crop Sciences/Horticulture, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Hugh J. Byrne Prof.ByrneisHeadoftheFOCASResearchInstituteattheTechnological UniversityofDublin,Dublin,Ireland.Hehasover30years’experiencein research science and has published over 300 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. He has been responsible for over V25 million in funded projects and has supervised over 40 PhD students. His principal researchinterestsareinapplicationsofspectroscopyandthestudyofmo- lecular and nanomaterials, biospectroscopy for diagnostics, cytological analysis,and nanoebiointeractions. Affiliations andExpertise Head, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University of Dublin, Ireland