Medicinal Plant Biotechnology (The Gayatri Mantra)

387 Pages·2011·4.09 MB·English

by  Rajesh Arora

Medicinal Plant Biotechnology
The Gayatri Mantra
(cid:2) (cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:6) : (cid:8)(cid:7): (cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:6) (cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:17) (cid:18)
(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:20) (cid:21)(cid:14)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:16) (cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:26), (cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:27) (cid:16)(cid:27) (cid:28): (cid:29)(cid:30)(cid:27)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:31)(cid:9) (cid:18)(cid:18)
Aum Bhur Bhuvah Swah, Tat Savitur Varenyam
Bhargo Devasya Dhimahi, Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat
(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)
Aum: Symbol of the Para Brahman; The primeval sound
Bhur: Physical plane
Bhuvah: Astral plane
Swah: Celestial plane, spiritual world
Tat: Transcedent Parmatman
Savitur: The Sun, Creator, Preserver
Varenyam: Fit to be worshipped; most adorable, enchanting
Bhargo: Remover of sins and ignorance; Glory Effulgence
Devasya: Resplendent; shining
Dheemahi: We meditate upon
Dhiyo: The Intellect; Understanding
Yo: May this light
Nah: Our
Prachodyat: Enlighten; Guide; Impel, Inspire
(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)
“We meditate on the Divine Mother’s glory, Who is the Protector, the basis
of all life, Who is self-existent, Who is free from all pains and Whose very
contact frees the soul from all troubles, Who pervades the Universe and
sustains all, the Creator and Energizer of the whole Universe, the Giver of
happiness, Who is the embodiment of Knowledge and Light, Who is Pure
and the Purifier of all, let us embrace the Divine Mother, so that She may
enlighten our intellects.”
(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:11)
This book is dedicated with love to Her children
Tanmay and Geetansh
Medicinal Plant Biotechnology
Editor
Rajesh Arora, PhD
Scientist
Defence Research and Development Service
Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
(Defence Research and Development Organization)
Delhi, India
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© CAB International 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Medicinal plant biotechnology / editor: Rajesh Arora.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-678-5 (alk. paper)
1. Medicinal plants--Biotechnology. I. Arora, Rajesh. II. C.A.B. International. III. Title.
TP248.27.P55M436 2011
615'.32--dc22
2010016962
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 678 5
CABI South Asia Edition: 978 1 84593 855 0
Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts
Production editor: Fiona Chippendale
Printed and bound in the UK from copy supplied by the authors by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham
Contents
Contributors v iii

Preface xi
Foreword x iii
Acknowledgements xiv
About the Editor xv
SECTION I
Plant Biotechnology and Medicine
1. Emerging Trends in Medicinal Plant Biotechnology
Rajesh Arora, Archana Mathur and Ajay K. Mathur 1
2. Medicinal Compounds Produced in Plant Cell Factories
Suvi T. Häkkinen and Anneli Ritala 13
SECTION II
Natural Resource Management
(Biodiversity Conservation and Genetic Diversity Screening)
3. Biotechnological Characterization of Different Populations of
an Endangered Medicinal Herb– Podophyllum hexandrum Royle.
Hemant Lata and Suman Chandra 36
4. Traditional and Biotechnological Strategies for Conservation of
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle– A Case Study
Amit C. Kharkwal, Dharam Singh, Om Prakash, Deepshikha Pande
Katare, Ajit Varma, Amita Bhattacharaya and Paramvir Singh Ahuja 48
5. Microsatellite Markers: Potential and Opportunities in Medicinal
Plants
Atul Grover, Ankit Jain and P.C. Sharma 71
SECTION III
Micropropagation
(Quality Assurance and Quality Control)
v
vi Contents
6. In vitro Propagation of Medicinal Plants for Conservation and
Quality Assurance
Chris Wawrosch 93
7. Propagation of Elite Cannabis sativa L. for the Production
of(cid:37)9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) using Biotechnological Tools
Suman Chandra, Hemant Lata, Ikhlas A. Khanand Mahmoud A. ElSohly 98
SECTION IV
In Vitro Secondary Metabolite Production
8. In Vitro Saponin Production in Plant Cell and Tissue Cultures
Archana Mathur and Ajay K. Mathur 115
9. Podophyllotoxin and Related Lignans: Biotechnological Production
byIn Vitro Plant Cell Cultures
Iliana Ionkova 138
SECTION V
Harnessing the Potential of Hairy Root Cultures and Plant–Microbe
Interactions
10. Hairy Root Culture: Copying Nature in New Bioprocesses
M. Georgiev, Jutta Ludwig-Müllerand Thomas Bley 156
11. Genetic Transformation of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. for
Augmenting Secondary Metabolite Production
Rajesh Arora, Archana Mathur, Ajay K. Mathur and C.M. Govil 176
12. Podophyllum Endophytic Fungi
John R. Porter 197
13. Biotechnology of Himalayan Vinca major and V. minor
Rajesh Arora, Ajay K. Mathur, Archana Mathur and C.M. Govil 207
SECTION VI
Metabolomics and Metabolic Engineering
14. Analytical Platforms and Databases Ranging from Plant
Transcriptomics to Metabolomics
Tetsuya Sakurai, Kenji Akiyama and Kazuki Saito 222
Contents vii
SECTION VII
Bioinformatics: Interfacing Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
15. Docking-based Virtual Screening of Anticancer Drugs
Feroz Khan, Abha Meena and Ashok Sharma 2 44
SECTION VIII
Molecular Characterization of Medicinal Plants
16. Population Structure and Molecular Characterization of
Podophyllum hexandrum of the Northwestern Himalayas
Pradeep K. Naik, Shri Ram and Harvinder Singh 267
SECTION IX
Molecular Farming
17. Plant Virus Vector Systems for the Production and Delivery
of Biopharmaceuticals
Rofina Yasmin Othman and Noor Hasima Nagoor 277

18. Novel Medicinal Plants for the Production and Delivery of Vaccines
Simone Reichwein and H. Warzecha 287
SECTION X
Leads from Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Pharmacology for Future
Biotechnological Interventions
19. Noscapinoids: a New Class of Anticancer Drugs Demand
Biotechnological Intervention
Harish C. Joshi, Asmita Salil, Usha Bughani and Pradeep K. Naik 303
20. Recent Developments in Biotechnology and Chemistry of Podophyllum
Abha Chaudhary, Bikram Singh and Paramvir Singh Ahuja 321
21. Plant-expressed Recombinant Griffithsin: a Protein with Potent Broad
Spectrum Inhibitory Effects against Enveloped Viruses
J. Calvin Kouokam and Kenneth E. Palmer 334
22. Camptothecins: SAR, QSAR and Biotechnology
Rajeshwar P. Verma 346
Index 358
Contributors
Paramvir Singh Ahuja, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR),
Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
Kenji Akiyama, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Japan
Rajesh Arora, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar
Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110009, India
Amita Bhattacharya, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur,
Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
Thomas Bley, Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Dresden
University of Technology, Bergstrasse 120, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
Usha Bughani, Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Design and Research, Department of Cell
Biology, 455 Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, Emory University School of
Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA-30322-3030, USA
Suman Chandra, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy,
The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
Abha Chaudhary, Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource
Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,Palampur-176061, India
Mahmoud A. ElSohly, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of
Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA and Department of
Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
Milen I. Georgiev, Department of Microbial Biosynthesis and Biotechnologies–
Laboratory in Plovdiv, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26
Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
C.M. Govil, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250005,
India
Atul Grover, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110403, India
Suvi Häkkinen,Plant Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box
1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
Iliana Ionkova, Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmacognosy, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
Ankit Jain, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110403, India
Harish C. Joshi,Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Design and Research, Department of Cell
Biology, 455 Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, Emory University School of
Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA-30322-3030, USA
Deepshikha Pande Katare, Amity Institute of Pharmacy (AIP), Amity University Uttar
Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 44, Noida-201303, India
Ikhlas A. Khan, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The
University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA andDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School
of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
Feroz Khan, Metabolic and Structural Biology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow
226015, India
viii
Contributors ix
Amit C. Kharkwal, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University
Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Block 'E-3', IVth Floor, Sector 125, Noida-201303, India
J. Calvin Kouokam, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville,
Owensboro Cancer Research Program, 1020 Breckenridge Street, Suite 201,
Owensboro, Kentucky 42303, USA
Hemant Lata,National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The
University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
Ajay K. Mathur, Division of Plant Tissue Culture, Central Institute of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail
Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, India
Archana Mathur, Division of Plant Tissue Culture, Central Institute of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail
Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, India
Abha Meena, Metabolic and Structural Biology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow
226015, India
Jutta Ludwig-Müller, Institute of Botany, Dresden University of Technology, Zellescher
Weg 20b, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
Noor Hasima Nagoor, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Pradeep K. Naik, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Jaypee University of
Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan-173215, Himachal Pradesh, India
Rofina Yasmin Othman, Head, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture
(CEBAR) ISB, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Kenneth E. Palmer, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville,
Owensboro Cancer Research Program, 1020 Breckenridge Street, Suite 201,
Owensboro, Kentucky 42303, USA
John R. Porter, Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in
Philadelphia, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
Om Prakash, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
PO Box No. 06, Palampur-176019, Himachal Pradesh, India
Simone Reichwein, Technical University Darmstadt, Institute for Botany,
Schnittspahnstrae 3-5, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Anneli Ritala, Plant Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box
1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
Kazuki Saito, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Japan
Tetsuya Sakurai, Unit Leader, Integrated Genome Informatics Research Unit,
Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Japan
Asmita Salil, Laboratory of Drug Discovery, Design and Research, Department of Cell
Biology, 455 Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, Emory University School of
Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA-30322-3030, USA
Ashok Sharma, Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), PO CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic
Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, India
P.C. Sharma, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110403, India