Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI

438 Pages·1999·13.28 MB·English

by  Y. P. S. Bajaj (auth.)

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Volumes already published
Volume 1: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume 11: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993)
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993)
Volume 25: Maize (1994)
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994)
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (1994)
Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (1994)
Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V (1994)
Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I (1995)
Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II (1995)
Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (1995)
Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII (1995)
Volume 34: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI (1995)
Volume 35: Trees IV (1996)
Volume 36: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement II (1996)
Volume 37: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IX (1996)
Volume 38: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VII (1996)
Volume 39: High-Tech and Micropropagation V (1997)
Volume 40: High-Tech and Micropropagation VI (1997)
Volume 41: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X (1998)
Volume 42: Cotton (1998)
Volume 43: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI (1999)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 44: Transgenic Trees (1999)
Volume 45: Transgenic Medicinal Plants (1999)
Volume 46: Transgenic Crops I (1999)
Volume 47: Transgenic Crops II
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 43
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI
Edited by Y.P.S. Bajaj
With 191 Figures, 4 in Colour and 64 Tables
i
Springer
Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAIAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISSN 0934-943-X

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Medicinal and aromatic plants. (Biotechnology in agricul
ture and forestry; 4-). Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Medicinal plants - Biotechnology. 2. Aromatic
plants - Biotechnology. 3. Plant cell culture. 4. Materia medica, Vegetable. 1. Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1936-. II.
Series. TP248.27.P55M43 1998 660.62 88-3059.
ISBN 978-3-642-08363-1 ISBN 978-3-662-08614-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08614-8
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999
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Preface
This series of books on biotechnology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants is
being compiled to provide a survey of the literature focusing on recent infor
mation and the state of the art in tissue culture and the in vitro production of
secondary metabolites. This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI, like the
previously ten volumes published in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
and 1998, is unique in its approach. It comprises 24 chapters dealing with
the distribution, importance, conventional propagation, micropropagation,
tissue culture studies and the production of important medicinal and pharma
ceutical compounds in various species of Anagallis, Azadirachta, Centranthus,
Costus, Cuphea, Dioscorea, Drosera, Fagara, Frangula, Hyacinthus,
Hypericum, Jamesoniella, Karwinskia, Lactarius, Lactuca, Marribium,
Ornithopus, Petroselinum, Phellodendron, Physochlaina, Solanum, Solidago,
and Zanthoxylum. This book is tailored to the needs of advanced students,
teachers, and research scientists in the field of pharmacy, plant tissue culture,
phytochemistry, biomedical engineering, and plant biotechnology in general.
New Delhi, September 1998 Professor Dr Y.P.S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
I Anagallis arvensis L. (Common Pimpernel): In Vitro Culture,
Regeneration of Plants, and the Formation of Anagalline and
Other Saponins
Y.P.S. BAJAJ (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Tissue Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Formation of Saponins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem Tree): In Vitro Culture,
Micropropagation, and the Production of Azadirachtin and
Other Secondary Metabolites
E.J. ALLAN, T. SrucHBURY, and A.J. MoRDUE (LuNrz)
(With 14 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 In Vitro Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
III Centranthus Species: In Vitro Culture and the Production of
Valepotriates and Other Secondary Metabolites
P. CHRISTEN (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3 Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
IV Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith: In Vitro Cultures,
Micropropagation, and the Production of Diosgenin and
Other Phytosteroids
G. INDRAYANTO, W. UrAMI, and A. SYAHRANI (With 10 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
X Contents
4 Protocols 74
References .................................................. . 75
V Cuphea Species: In Vitro Culture Studies, and the Production of
Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
E.I.S. FwH, W. HANDRO, and I. RITA (With 5 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
2 Economic Importance and Fatty Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4 Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
VI Dioscorea balcanica Kosanin and D. caucasica Lipsky: In Vitro
Culture and Production of Diosgenin
L. CuLAFIC, K. SAVIKIN-FonuwVIc, D. GRUBISIC, and M. NEsKoVIc
(With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3 Production of Diosgenin and Phytosterols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4 Summary and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
VII Drosera Species (Sundew): In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Plumbagin and other Secondary Metabolites
J. SAMAJ, A. BLEHovA., M. REPCAK, M. OVECKA, and M. BoBAK
(With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2 In Vitro Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3 Biosynthesis and Extraction of Medicinal Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
VIII Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam. (Rutaceae ): In Vitro Culture and
the Production of Benzophenanthridine and Furoquinoline Alkaloids
E. CouiLLEROT, C. CARON, C. TRENTESAUX, J.C. CHENIEUX and
J.C. AunRAN (With 13 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2 Chemical Constituents and Their Pharmacological Properties . . . . . 138
3 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
4 Suggested Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Contents XI
IX Frangula Species: In Vitro Culture and the Production of
Anthraquinones
L. SAJC, N. KovACEVIC, D. GRUBISIC, and G. VuNJAK-NOVAKOVIC
(With 7 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
2 Analysis of Anthraquinones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
X Hyacinthus orienta/is L.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of
Anthocyanin and Other Secondary Metabolites
K. HosoKA w A (With 11 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
2 In Vitro Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
XI Hypericum patulum: In Vitro Culture and Production of
Xanthones and Other Secondary Metabolites
K. ISHIGORO, H. 0KU, and K. Ism (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
2 In Vitro Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
3 Antibacterial Activity of Xanthones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
4 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
XII Jamesoniella autumnalis (Liverwort): Culture and Production
of Metabolites
K.P. ADAM (With 5 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
2 Chemical Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
3 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
5 Protocol for the Establishment of Aseptic Cultures of
Folious Liverworts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
XIII Karwinskia Species (Buckthorn): In Vitro Culture,
Micropropagation, and the Production of Toxin Anthracenone
D. LisKovA., A. Lux, A. PINEYRo-L6PEZ, and R. LuJAN-RANGEL
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
2 In Vitro Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239