Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII

491 Pages·1994·16.43 MB·English

by  P. Gastaldo

Volumes already published
Volume 1: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume 11: Somac1onal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and Micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993)
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993)
Volume 25: Maize (1994)
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994)
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (1994)
Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (1994)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V (1994)
Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I (1995)
Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II (1995)
Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (1995)
Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII
Volume 34: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI
Volume 35: Trees IV
Volume 36: Somac1onal Variation in Crop Improvement II
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 28
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII
Edited by Y. P. S. Bajaj
With 217 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr. Y. P. S. BAJAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISBN 978-3-662-30371-9 ISBN 978-3-662-30369-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-30369-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for Vol. 7) Medicinal and aromatic plants.
(Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry; 4, 7, 15, 21, 24, 26, 28) Includes bibliographies and
indexes. 1. Medicinal plants - Biotechnology. 2. Aromatic plants - Biotechnology. 3. Plant cell
culture. 4. Material medica, Vegetable. I. Bajaj, Y. P. S., 1936- . II. Series: Biotechnology in
agriculture and forestry; 4, etc. TP248.27.P55M43 1988 660'.6 88-3059 ISBN O-387-18414-7 (U.S.: v. 1)
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,
even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws
and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting: Macmillan India Limited, Bangalore-25
SPIN: 10126426 31/3130/SPS - 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Dedicated to
Inderjit, Sumon, and Gitanjali Bajaj
Preface
The series of books on the biotechnology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
provides a survey of the literature, focusing on recent information and the
state of the art in tissue culture and the in vitro production of secondary
metabolites. This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII, like the
previous six volumes published in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1994, is
unique in its approach. It comprises 28 chapters dealing with the distribu
tion, importance, conventional propagation, micro propagation, tissue
culture studies, and the in vitro production of important medicinal
and pharmaceutical compounds in various species of Aesculus, Althaea,
Baptisia, Berberis, Beta, Bowiea, Camp to theca, Chrysanthellum, Citrus,
Claviceps, Coleonema, Dianthus, Dunaliella, Epimedium, Euphorbia,
Forsythia, Gomphrena, Larix, Lobelia, Medicago, Papaver, Phytolacca,
Pueraria, Santalum, Santolina, Sapium, Tabebuia, and Tripterygium. This
book is tailored to the needs of advanced students, teachers, and research
scientists in the field of pharmacy, plant tissue culture, phytochemistry,
biochemical engineering, and plant biotechnology in general.
New Delhi, July 1994 Professor Y. P. S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
I Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse Chestnut):
In Vitro Culture and Production of Aescin
P. GASTALDO, A.M. CAVIGLIA, and P. PROFUMO (With 7 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Protocol. . .............. . 11
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
II Althaea officinalis L. (Marshmallow): In Vitro Culture
and the Production of Biologically Active Compounds
I. IONKovA and A.W. ALFERMANN (With 10 Figures)
1 General Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Biotechnological Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
3 Production of Biologically Active Compounds
from Cell and Tissue Cultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4 Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36
5 Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
III Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Brown:
Micropropagation, In Vitro Culture and Production
in Direction of Pharmaceutically Used Root Biomass
G. MEvENKAMP, R. LIEBEREI, and G. HARNISCHFEGER
(With 6 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ...... . 48
3 Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . 52
4 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
References . . . . 53
IV Berberis Species: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Proto berberine and Other Alkaloids
C. DELIU, M. TAMAS, and D. GHIRAN (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........... 56
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58
x Contents
3 Conclusions. . 69
4 Protocol .. 70
References . . . . 70
V Beta vulgaris L. (Sugar Beet):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Glucosidases
Y. YAMASAKI and H. KONNO (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . ... 72
2 In Vitro Approaches. . . . . 73
3 Summary and Conclusions . 81
References . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
VI Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook.f. (Sea Onion):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Cardiac Glycosides
J. F. FINNIE, F. E. DREWES, and J. VAN STADEN
(With 8 Figures)
1 General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3 Conclusion 96
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
VII Camptotheca acuminata Decne:
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Camptothecin
A. J. VAN HENGEL, R. M. BUITELAAR, and H. J. WICHERS
(With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction ...... . 98
2 In Vitro Culture Studies 101
3 Summary ....... . 109
4 Protocol ........ . 110
References . . . . . . . . . 111
VIII Chrysanthellum americanum:
Micropropagation and Flavonoid Production
TH. GASPAR (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . 113
2 Material and Methods .. 113
3 Results and Discussions. . . . . . . . . 117
4 Summary and Conclusions . 120
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
IX Citrus paradisi Macf. (Grapefruit): In Vitro Culture
and the Bioproduction of Sesquiterpenes Nootkatone, Valencene,
and Other Secondary Metabolites
J. A. DEL Rio and A. ORTUNO (With 6 Figures)
1 General Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126
Contents XI
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . 135
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
X Claviceps purpurea (Ergot):
Culture and Bioproduction of Ergot Alkaloids
V. KiEN, P. HARAZIM, and Z. MALINKA (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
2 Ergot in Agriculture - Pest and Benefactor . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3 Saprophytic Ergot Cultivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5 Protocol. . . . . . . .. . .............. . 153
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
XI Coleonema album:
In Vitro Culture and Production of Essential Oils
G. REIL, Z. AKKAN, and R. G. BERGER (With 5 Figures}
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 157
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . 157
3 Summary and Conclusions . . 168
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
XII Dianthus Species (Carnation): In Vitro Culture and the
Biosynthesis of Dianthalexin and Other Secondary Metabolites
U. MATERN (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
3 Commercial Aspects and Future Prospects . . 179
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
XIII Dunaliella tertiolecta (Green Microalga): Culture and
Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Related Compounds
Y. NOMA and Y. ASAKAwA (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
2 Cultivation and Biotransformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 199
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
XIV Epimedium diphyllum Morr. et Decne. (Baika-ikariso):
In Vitro Cultures and the Production
of Isoprenylftavonol Glycosides
H. YAMAMOTO and M. IINUMA (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . 203
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . 204
3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212