Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI

441 Pages·1994·6.8 MB·English

by  W. W. Su

Volumes already published
Volume 1: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume 11: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and Micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993)
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993)
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 25: Maize (1994)
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I
Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII
Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V
Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I
Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II
Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm
Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII
Volume 34: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 26
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI
Edited by Y.P.S. Bajaj
With 182 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISBN 978-3-642-63420-8 ISBN 978-3-642-57970-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-57970-7
The Library of Congress Card Number 88-3059 (ISSN 0934-943 X)
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does
not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Production Editor: Ingrid Samide, Heidelberg
Typesetting: Macmillan India Limited, Bangalore
31/3130-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Dedicated to
Professor Dr. S. H. Wittwer
with whom I had the privilege of working
at Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA,
from 1967-1970
Preface
The micropropagation of elite and endangered species of medicinal
and aromatic plants and the in vitro production of secondary
metabolites in plant cell cultures have recently attracted considerable
attention by the pharmaceutical industry. Through cell culture it is
also possible to alter chemical pathways by biotransformation to
produce compounds previously considered rare. Taking these as
pects into consideration, a series of books on the biotechnology of
medicinal and aromatic plants is being compiled to provide a survey
of the literature focusing on recent information and the state of the
art in tissue culture and the in vitro production of secondary
metabolites.
This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI, like the previous
five volumes published in 1988,1989,1991 and 1993, is unique in its
approach. It comprises 27 chapters dealing with the distribution,
importance, conventional propagation, tissue culture studies, and
the in vitro production of important medicinal and pharmaceutical
compounds in various species of Anchusa, Brucea, Catharanthus,
Chrysanthemum, Coleus, Corydalis, Coreopsis, Emilia, Ginkgo, Glo
riosa, Hypericum, Inonotus, Leucosceptrum, Lilium, Linum, Mosses,
Nandina, Penstemon, Prunus, Pteridium, Quassia, Ribes, Senecio,
Taraxacum, Thermopsis, Vanilla, and Vitiveria. This book is tailored
to the needs of advanced students, teachers, and research scientists
in the field of pharmacy, plant tissue culture, phytochemistry, bio
chemical engineering, and plant biotechnology in general.
New Delhi, January 1994 Professor Y P. S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
I Anchusa officinalis: Production of Rosmarinic Acid
in Perfusion Cell Cultures
W. W. Su, E. C. ASALI, and A. E. HUMPHREY (With 13 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 1
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
II Brucea spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Canthinone Alkaloids and Other Secondary Metabolites
M. F. ROBERTS (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 21
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42
III Catharanthus roseus L. (Periwinkle): Production
of Vindoline and Catharanthine in Multiple Shoot Cultures
K. HIRATA, K. MIYAMOTO, and Y MIURA (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 46
2 Induction of Multiple Shoot Cultures .................. 48
3 Effects of Cultivation Conditions on Alkaloid Production. 49
4 Enhancement of Vindoline and Catharanthine Production. 52
5 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
6 Protocol of Cultivation Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54
IV Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Pyrethrum):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Pyrethrins
and Other Secondary Metabolites
S. W. ZITO (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 56
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
4 Protocol ........................................... 66
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66
x Contents
V Coleus spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Forskolin and Rosmarinic Acid
M. PETERSEN (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 69
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
3 Conclusion and Prospects ............................ 87
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88
VI Corydalis spp.:
In Vitro Culture and the Biotransformation of Protoberberines
M. KAMIGAUCHI and K. IWASA (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 93
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94
3 Summary and Conclusion ............................ 104
4 Protocol ........................................... 104
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 105
VII Coreopsis spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Formation
of Phenylpropanoids and Other Secondary Metabolites
1. REICHLING, K.-H. HORZ, and U. OHLENMACHER
(With 13 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 106
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 116
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127
VIII Emiliajlammea Cass.: In Vitro Culture and the
Production of Emiline and Other Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
1. K. A. FREER, 1. R. MATHESON, and D.1. ROBINS
(With 2 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 129
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 132
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 134
References ............................................ 135
IX Ginkgo bi/oba L. (Maiden Hair Tree):
In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Ginkgolides
1. CARRIER, N. CHAURET, R. NEUFELD,
and 1. ARCHAMBAULT (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 136
2 Biotechnological Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144
Contents XI
X Gloriosa superba 1. (Flame Lily):
Micropropagation and in Vitro Production of Colchicine
J. F. FINNIE and J. VAN STADEN (With 9 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 146
2 In Vitro Studies ..................................... 153
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 163
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 163
XI Hypericum erectum Thunb. (St. John's Wort):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Procyanidins
K. Y AZAKI and T. OKUDA (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 167
2 In Vitro Studies ..................................... 169
3 Conclusion and Prospects ............................ 177
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177
XII Inonotus obliquus (Chaga Fungus):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Inotodiol, Sterols,
and Other Secondary Metabolites
K. KAHLOS (With 11 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 179
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 182
3 Role of Triterpenes, Sterols,
and Some Biosynthetic Considerations ................. 193
4 Conclusions ........................................ 194
5 Protocol ........................................... 195
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 196
XIII Leucosceptrum japonicum f. barbinerve:
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Verbascoside
N. INAGAKI and M. OKADA (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 199
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 200
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 204
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
XIV Lilium testaceum: In Vitro Culture and the Production
of Glucomannans and Other Secondary Metabolites
T. WOZNIEWSKI and G. FRANZ (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 206
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 215
4 Protocol ........................................... 216
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217
XII Contents
XV Linum Species (Flax): In Vivo and in Vitro Accumulation
of Lignans and Other Metabolites
W. VAN UDEN, N. !>RAS, and H.1. WOERDENBAG
(With 10 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 219
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 229
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 240
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 240
XVI Mosses (Members of Brachytheciaceae and Hypnaceae):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Polyunsaturated
Fatty Acids
C. E. HANSEN (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 245
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 247
3 Conclusions and Commercial Aspects .................. 255
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 256
XVII Nandina domestica (Heavenly Bamboo):
In Vitro Culture and the Production of J atrorrizine,
Berberine, and Other Alkaloids
A. IKUTA (With 4 Figures)
1 General Account .................................... 259
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 264
3 Summary and Conclusion ............................ 265
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267
XVIII Penstemon serrulatus Menz.:
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Iridoids
H. WYSOKINSKA (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 269
2 In Vitro Culture Studies .............................. 271
3 Conclusions ........................................ 279
4 Protocol ........................................... 280
References ............................................ 281
XIX Prunus x yedoensis:
In Vitro Culture and the Production of Flavonoids
N. ISHIKURA (With 10 Figures)
1 Introduction ........................................ 283
2 In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 296
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 297