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MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PRIVATE FEtFOR-SERVICE PLANS CMSLibrary- IH^l, C2-07-13 15^ 7500SecuritX''B!vd Baltimore, MD 21244 HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 22, 2007 Serial No. 110-42 Printed for the use of the Committee on Ways and Means U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 40-314 WASHINGTON 2008 : ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice Internet:bookstore.gpo.gov Phone:tollfree(866)512-1800;DCarea(202)512-1800 Fax:(202)512-2104 Mail:StopIDCC,Washington,DC20402-0001 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York, Chairman FORTNEY PETE STARK, California JIM MCCRERY, Louisiana SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan WALLY HERGER, California JIM MCDERMOTT, Washington DAVE CAMP, Michigan JOHN LEWIS, Georgia JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts SAM JOHNSON, Texas MICHAEL R. MCNULTY, New York PHIL ENGLISH, Pennsylvania JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee JERRYWELLER, Ilhnois XAVIER BECERRA, Cahfornia KENNY HULSHOF, Missouri LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas RON LEWIS, Kentucky EARL POMEROY, North Dakota KEVIN BRADY, Texas STEPHANIE TUBBS JONES, Ohio THOMAS M. REYNOLDS, New York MIKE THOMPSON, Cahfornia PAUL RYAN, Wisconsin JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut ERIC CANTOR, Virginia RAHM EMANUEL, IlHnois JOHN LINDER, Georgia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon DEVIN NUNES, California RON KIND, Wisconsin PAT TIBERI, Ohio BILL PASCRELL JR., New Jersey JON PORTER, Nevada SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JOSEPH CROWLEY, NewYork CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland KENDRICKMEEK, Florida ALLYSON Y. SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania ARTUR DAVIS, Alabama Janice Mays, ChiefCounsel and StaffDirector Brett Loper, Minority StaffDirector SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH FORTNEY PETE STARK, California, Chairman LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas DAVE CAMP, Michigan MIKE THOMPSON, California SAM JOHNSON, Texas RAHM EMANUEL, Ilhnois JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota XAVIER BECERRA, California PHIL ENGLISH, Pennsylvania EARL POMEROY, North Dakota KENNY HULSHOF, Missouri STEPHANIE TUBBS JONES, Ohio RON KIND, Wisconsin Pursuant to clause 2(e)(4) of Rule XI of the Rules of the House, public hearing records of the Committee on Ways and Means are also published in electronic form. The printed hearing record remains the official version. Because electronic submissions are used to prepare both printed and electronic versions ofthe hearing record, the process of converting betweenvariouselectronicformatsmayintroduceunintentionalerrorsoromissions. Suchoccur- rences are inherent in the current publication process and should diminish as the process isfurtherrefined. ii CMS Library C2~07-13 7500 Security Blvd. SBmmcre, mry'md 21244 _ CONTENTS Page AdvisoryofMay 15, 2007, announcingthe hearing 2 WITNESSES Abby L. Block, Center for Beneficiary Choice, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 73 Mark Miller, Ph.D, Executive Director, Medicare Pa5nment Advisory Commis- sion 7 Sean Dilweg, Commissioner ofInsurance, State ofWisconsin, Madison, Wis- consin 9 Patricia Neuman, Sc.D., Vice President, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Director, Medicare PolicyProject 18 David Lipschutz, California HealthAdvocates, LosAngeles, California 28 Brock Slabach, Administrator, Field Memorial Community Hospital, Centereville, Mississippi, on behalf of the National Rural Health Associa- tion 38 Catherine Schmitt, Vice President, Federal Government Programs, Blue Cross Blue ShieldofMichigan, Detroit, Michigan 44 SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD AmericanMedicalAssociation, statement 109 Janet Stokes Trautwein, NationalAssociation ofHealth Underwriters, Arling- ton,VA, statement 113 iii MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PRIVATE FEE-FOR-SERVICE PLANS TUESDAY, MAY 22, 2007 U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Health, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:04 p.m., in room 1102, Longworth House Office Building, Hon. Fortney Pete Stark (Chairman ofthe Subcommittee), presiding. [The advisory announcing the hearing follows:] (1) 2 ADVISORY FROM THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: (202) 225-3943 May 15, 2007 HL-12 Chairman Stark Announces a Hearing on Medicare Advantage Private Fee-For-Service Plans House Ways and Means Health Subcommittee Chairman Pete Stark (D-CA) an- nounced today that the Subcommittee on Health will hold a hearing on Medicare Advantage Private Fee-For-Service plans. The hearing will take place at 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 22, 2007, in Room 1100, Longworth House Office Building. In view of the limited time available to hear witnesses, oral testimony at this hearing will be from the invited witnesses only. However, any individual or organi- zation not scheduled for an oral appearance may submit a written statement for consideration by the Committee and for inclusion in the printed record ofthe hearing. BACKGROUND ; Private Fee-For-Service (PFFS) plans have been available in Medicare since the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33), but have experienced enormous growth following Medicare Advantage (MA) payment increases made by the Medicare Mod- ernization Act of2003 (P.L. 108-173). In 2003, less than 26,000 beneficiaries were enrolle—d in PFFS plans, but by April 2007 that number had exploded to nearly 1.5 million a growth of more than 5600 percent. Exponential growth in PFFS raises numerous policyconcerns. According to the Medicare Pajrment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), MA Plans are paid on average 112 percent of fee-for-service Medicare. However, PFFS plans are located in geographic areas where payments are on average 119 percent ofwhat it would cost to care for the same beneficiaries in traditional Medicare. Continued enrollment growth in these overpaid plans results in increased premiums for all Medicare beneficiaries and shortened solvency of the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. Private Fee-For-Service plans are very different from other MA plans. They are exempt from many ofthe rules and reporting requirements that apply to other MA plans. For example, PFFS plans are not required to: collect and report Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) quality data; coordinate care; con- duct utilization review; or, have standards for timeliness of access to care. These plans generally do not have a network ofproviders, and advertise the ability ofen- roUees to choose anyprovider. The law requires PFFS to pay non-contract providers at least the original Medi- care rate. Providers, however, are not required to accept PFFS plan enrollees, and pahryosuincdiatnhseccaonunbtarlyanhcaevebirlelfupsaetdietnotstrbeeatyopnadtietnhtespilnanPFpFaSympelnatn.s.SLoimkee optrhoevridMerAs plans, PFFS plans have widely varying co-payment structures that may lead to increased or decreased out of pocket costs for beneficiaries depending on what type ofcare is required. Advocates for senior citizens and insurance commissioners across the country have reported numerous abuses by insurance agents and brokers selling PFFS plans. According to reports, some beneficiaries have been enrolled in PFFS plans with little or no knowledge ofwhatthey were signingup for. Beneficiaries have also . 3 reported surprise when learning their preferred provider will not accept their PFFS plan. In announcing this hearing, Chairman Stark said: "The alarming growth in Private Fee-For-Service plans raises serious questions about their effect on the Medicare program. These plans are paid an average of 119 percent of traditional fee for service, even though beneficiaries are being told PFFS plans are no different than traditional fee-for-service Medicare. It is our duty to investigate the exponential growth and continued overpayments to PFFS plans, and to ensurebeneficiaries are protected and taxpayer dollars are spentwisely." FOCUS OFTHE HEARING : The hearingwillfocus on MedicareAdvantage Private Fee-For-Service plans. DETAILS FOR SUBMISSIONOFWRITTENCOMMENTS ; Please Note:Anyperson(s) and/ororganization(s) wishingto submitforthe hearing record must follow the appropriate link on the hearing page ofthe Committee website and complete the informational forms. From the Committee homepage, http:llwaysandmeans.house.gov, select "110th Congress" from the menu entitled, "Committee Hearings" (http://waysandmeans.house.gov/Hearings.asp?congress=18). Selectthe hearingforwhichyouwould like to submit, and click on the link entitled, "Click here toprovide a submission for the record." Once you have followed the on- line instructions, completing all informational forms and clicking "submit" on the final page, an email will be sent to the address which you supply confirming your interest in providing a submission for the record. You MUSTREPLYto the email andATTACHyour submission as a Word or WordPerfect document, in compliance with the formatting requirements listed below, by close ofbusiness Tuesday, June 5, 2007. Finally, please note that due to the change in House mail policy, the U.S. Capitol Police will refuse sealed-package deliveries to all House Office Buildings. For questions, or if you encounter technical problems, please call (202) 225-1721. FORMATTINGREQUIREMENTS : The Committee relies on electronic submissions forprintingthe official hearingrecord. As al- ways, submissions will be included in the record according to the discretion ofthe Committee. The Committeewillnotalterthecontentofyoursubmission, butwereservetherighttoformat itaccordingtoourguidelines. AnysubmissionprovidedtotheCommitteebyawitness,anysup- plementary materials submitted for the printed record, and any written comments in response to a request for written comments mustconform to the guidelines listedbelow. Any submission or supplementary item not in compliance with these guidelines will not be printed, but will be maintainedintheCommitteefilesforreviewandusebytheCommittee. 1. All submissions and supplementary materials must be provided in Word or WordPerfect format and MUST NOT exceed a total of10 pages, including attachments. Witnesses and sub- mitters are advised thatthe Committee relies onelectronic submissions forprintingthe official hearingrecord. 2. Copies ofwhole documents submitted as exhibit material will notbe accepted for printing. Instead, exhibit material should be referenced and quoted or paraphrased. All exhibit material not meeting these specifications will be maintained in the Committee files for review and use bytheCommittee. 3. All submissions must include a list ofall clients, persons, and/or organizations on whose behalfthe witness appears. A supplemental sheet must accompany each submission listing the name,company,address,andtelephoneandfaxnumbersofeachwitness. Note: All Committee advisories and news releases are available on the World WideWeb athttp://waysandmeans.house.gov The Committee seeks to make its facilities accessible to persons with disabilities. Ifyou are in need ofspecial accommodations, please call 202-225-1721 or 202-226- 3411 TTD/TTY in advance of the event (four business days notice is requested). Questions with regard to special accommodation needs in general (including avail- ability ofCommittee materials in alternative formats) may be directed to the Com- mittee as noted above. 4 Chairman STARK. The hearing will begin. Today we are going to talk about the Medicare Advantage (MA) program. We will have a chance to review the Administration's message machine. I sus- pect most of you heard last night what I imagine they will repeat today, but I do hope that today's hearing will contribute to some MA rational review ofthe program. To that end, I am going to reverse the panels and hope that we will have a chance then to have a response from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to the witnesses who will appear representing a variety of views and concerns, including a MA good deal of support for the offerings, which are the focus of today's hearing. According to the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), the p—lans are paid, on average, about 119 percent offee- for-se—rvice rates I am referring here to the Private Fee-for-Service plans and rising up to, in some cases, 150 percent of more in some areas. Since business follows the money, it is not surprising that enrollment is growing rapidly, some 5600 percent between the period 2002 and 2007. Even so, there are only about 1,300,000 people, about 3 percent of all beneficiaries, in the Private Fee-for-Service plans now. Given MA that half of the projected growth is in this option, I think it is important that we evaluate its value before it becomes unman- ageable. MA Unlike most of the options, these plans don't typically have a network of providers. They are marketed as operating the same as traditional Medicare, but with supposedly lower cost-sharing and perhaps other additional benefits. Yet the reality often fails to match the sales pitches. The plans may offer flat copayments for physician visits, but physician copayments of even $15 to $20 can often be higher than the 20 percent copayments in traditional Medicare. In addition, some of these plans tend to charge higher cost-sharing for certain Medicare coverage services, like skilled nursing facilities, home health, and durable medical equipment. My guess is that this is not coincidental. If you don't want sick people in your plan, you charge more for services that sick people need. While these plans promote the able to see any provider, they ne- glect to mention that providers are not required to accept the plan's pajnnent terms and that providers can decide on a per-visit basis whether to participate, even if it is the same patient returning for a second visit. They can decide at that point to drop the patient. Beneficiaries who have signed up for these plans arejust beginning to confront these confusing problems. I would like to ask unanimous consent to submit for the record a letter from the California Medical Association. They have become so disgruntled with Private Fee-for-Service plans that they are ask- ing us to eliminate this option altogether. I will, as I say, put the letter, without objection, in the record. We will also hear today about the difficulty faced by insurance commissioners in attempting to regulate sales practices of these products. High profit margins have provided incentives for plan sponsors to offer large commissions to sell these plans, and I am afraid ifyou think that used car salesmen are bad, they have noth- 5 ing on some ofthe hucksters who are promoting these plans today. We will hear about outright fraud and intentional and uninten- tional misrepresentation. Yet the original Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 prohibited State oversight of these products. The Administration has dragged its feet on requiring better behavior and enforcing the rules that are in effect. Even worse, they have interfered at times with the limited ability retained by the States with respect to oversight on agents and brokers. I understand that in last night's press releases, the Administra- tion has suggested they are making some changes. We will hear more about those later. MA Private Fee-for-Service plans are exempt from quality and plan adequacy requirements, so we are unable to determine what if any value these plans provide. I look forward to discussing this loophole day. We will also hear from one actual plan today whose situation is unique. It is Mr. Camp's local plan, and it deserves credit for their willingness to appear today. I gather we were left with no other choices, as most prominent plans declined the offer to enlighten us. It is a special plan, and it is a product that has an interesting fu- ture. I look forward to hearing from this Michigan plan and its prospects. The Subcommittee has a responsibility to provide oversight and ensure that the beneficiaries and the taxpayers are both getting value and quality for their investment. The Private Fee-for-Service plans appear to provide far better value to their shareholders and their companies' bottom lines than they do to Medicare and its beneficiaries. As I have said all year, we look to improve and protect Medicare. All provider payments must be reviewed and are subject to change. Given what we know about Private Fee-for-Service at this time, they are high on the list. I look forward to today's testimony, and I would like to yield to Mr. Camp for any opening statement he would like to make. Mr. CAMP. Thank you, Chairman Stark. In recent months, we have heard a steady stream of calls to cut Medicare payments to MA plans. In response, the National Association for the Advance- ment ofColored People, League ofUnited Latin American Citizens, and the Jewish Guild for the Blind have all come forward alerting us that these Medicare cuts would significantly and disproportion- ately harm the minority and low-income beneficiaries that these groups represent. Today we will hear about one type ofMA plan, known as Private Fee-for-Service. Private Fee-for-Service plans are one of the most MA popular choices available for Medicare beneficiaries. In fact, 59 MA percent of all rural enrollees have chosen a Private Fee-for- Service plan. We must recognize the value that Private Fee-for-Service plans provide to Medicare beneficiaries. Today we will hear from a witness from my home State of Michigan who will talk about the 116,000 retired teachers, janitors, bus drivers, and school cafeteria workers who are currently enrolled in a Private Fee-for-Service plan. These union retirees depend on the flexibility their Private 6 Fee-for-Service plan provides, because ofits ability to provide extra benefits, regardless ofwhere they have chosen to retire. I'd also like to ask for unanimous consent to submit a letter from the Michigan Association of Retired School Personnel. In this letter, their Executive Director states that their members "depend on adequate funding" of Medicare advantage, and that any cuts will result in "reduced coverage for much needed medical services for the retirees or reduced funding for classroom efforts at educating our children." Their members are also enjoying the "increased simplicity" that MA their Private Fee-for-Service plan has brought. This letter states that "retired school employees previously had to deal with the confusion of coordinating Medicare with a supplemental plan." Now they receive their entire Medicare benefit under one consoli- dated plan. Mr. Chairman, I hope that prior to any effort to cut these plans, we will consider the well-being of seniors living in rural districts like mine and the thousands ofretired public school employees that MA I represent. Congress should seek to improve for both beneficiaries and taxpayers alike. Let's work together to strengthen MA Medicare's marketing and enrollment guidelines and improve for America's seniors and people with disabilities. I yield back the balance ofmy time. [The information follows:]