Medical Terminology An Illustrated Guide

745 Pages·2003·16.63 MB·English

by  Barbara Janson Cohen

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Expanded Contents
User’s Guide ix Word Parts Pertaining to Cells, Tissues,
and Organs 50
Part 1
Labeling Exercise 56
Introduction to Chapter Review 57
Medical Terminology 3 Case Studies 59
Answer Section 61
1 Concepts of Medical Terminology 4
Word Parts 5 5 Body Structure 63
Combining Forms 6 Directional Terms 64
Word Derivations 7 Body Cavities 66
Pronunciation 7 Body Regions 67
Positions 68
Symbols 9
Word Parts Pertaining
Abbreviations 9
to Body Structure 72
Words Ending Ijn x 10
Labeling Exercises 77
Suffixes Beginning With rh 10
Chapter Review 81
Chapter Review 11
Case Study 82
Case Study 12
Answer Section 85
Answer Section 14
2 Suffixes 15 Part 2
Noun Suffixes 16 Disease and Treatment 88
Adjective Suffixes 19
6 Disease 90
Forming Plurals 21
Infectious Diseases 92
Chapter Review 23
Responses to Disease 93
Case Study 25
Neoplasia 95
Answer Section 26
Word Parts Pertaining to Disease 98
3 Prefixes 28 Chapter Review 106
Common Prefixes 29 Case Studies 108
Chapter Review 38 Answer Section 111
Case Studies 40
7 Diagnosis and Treatment; Surgery 113
Answer Section 42
Diagnosis 114
4 Cells, Tissues, and Organs 44 Treatment 116
The Cell 45 Alternative and Complementary
Tissues 47 Medicine 119
Organs and Organ Systems 48 Cancer 119
xxi
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xxii EXPANDED CONTENTS
Word Parts Pertaining to Diagnosis Lower Respiratory Passageways
and Treatment 124 and Lungs 249
Chapter Review 131 Breathing 251
Case Studies 134 Gas Transport 252
Answer Section 138 Word Parts Pertaining to Respiration 254
Clinical Aspects of Respiration 257
8 Drugs 140
Labeling Exercise 271
Adverse Drug Effects 141
Chapter Review 272
Drug Names 141
Case Studies 275
Drug Information 141
Crossword Puzzle 278
Herbal Medicines 142
Answer Section 279
Chapter Review 156
Case Studies 158 12 Digestion 282
Answer Section 162 The Mouth to the Small Intestine 284
The Accessory Organs 285
Part 3 The Large Intestine 285
Body Systems 164 Roots Pertaining to Digestion 288
Clinical Aspects of Digestion 292
9 Circulation: The Cardiovascular
Labeling Exercises 307
and Lymphatic Systems 166
Chapter Review 309
The Heart 167
Case Studies 312
Blood Pressure 169
Crossword Puzzle 316
The Vascular System 169
Answer Section 317
The Lymphatic System 170
13 The Urinary System 320
Roots Pertaining to the Cardiovascular
and Lymphatic Systems 178 The Kidneys 322
Clinical Aspects of the Circulatory The Nephrons 322
Blood Supply to the Kidney 323
System 181
Urine Formation 324
Labeling Exercises 200
Removal of Urine 324
Chapter Review 202
Roots Pertaining to the Urinary
Case Studies 206
System 327
Crossword Puzzle 209
Clinical Aspects of the Urinary
Answer Section 210
System 330
10 Blood and Immunity 213 Labeling Exercises 342
Blood Plasma 214 Chapter Review 345
Blood Cells 214 Case Studies 348
Blood Types 217 Crossword Puzzle 351
The Immune System 217 Answer Section 352
Word Parts Pertaining to Blood
14 The Male Reproductive System 355
and Immunity 221
The Testes 356
Clinical Aspects: Blood 224
Transport of Spermatozoa 357
Clinical Aspects: Immunity 228
Formation of Semen 358
Labeling Exercise 236
Roots Pertaining to Male
Chapter Review 237
Reproduction 360
Case Studies 239
Clinical Aspects of the Male
Crossword Puzzle 244
Reproductive System 362
Answer Section 245
Labeling Exercise 369
11 Respiration 248 Chapter Review 370
Upper Respiratory Passageways 249 Case Studies 372
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EXPANDED CONTENTS xxiii
Crossword Puzzle 375 Labeling Exercises 482
Answer Section 376 Chapter Review 487
Case Studies 491
15 The Female Reproductive System;
Crossword Puzzle 495
Pregnancy and Birth 378
Answer Section 496
The Female Reproductive System 379
The Mammary Glands 381
18 The Senses 500
The Menstrual Cycle 381
The Senses 501
Menopause 382
The Ear 502
Contraception 382
Clinical Aspects of Hearing 506
Pregnancy and Birth 383
The Eye and Vision 511
Lactation 387
Word Parts Pertaining to the Eye
Roots Pertaining to the Female
and Vision 514
Reproductive System 390
Clinical Aspects of Vision 518
Clinical Aspects of Female
Labeling Exercises 525
Reproduction 394
Chapter Review 527
Clinical Aspects of Pregnancy
Case Studies 531
and Birth 397
Crossword Puzzle 535
Congenital Disorders 399
Answer Section 536
Labeling Exercises 411
Chapter Review 413 19 The Skeleton 540
Case Studies 417 Divisions of the Skeleton 541
Crossword Puzzle 420 Bone Formation 542
Answer Section 421 Structure of a Long Bone 543
Joints 545
16 The Endocrine System 425
Roots Pertaining to the Skeleton, Bones,
Hormones 426
and Joints 547
The Endocrine Glands 426
Clinical Aspects of the Skeleton 549
Other Endocrine Tissues 430
Labeling Exercises 564
Roots Pertaining to the Endocrine
Chapter Review 569
System 432
Case Studies 573
Clinical Aspects of the Endocrine
Crossword Puzzle 577
System 433
Answer Section 578
Labeling Exercise 442
Chapter Review 443
20 The Muscular System 582
Case Studies 445
Types of Muscle 583
Crossword Puzzle 449
Muscle Contraction 583
Answer Section 450
Muscle Action 583
17 The Nervous System Naming of Muscles 583
and Behavioral Disorders 452 Muscle Structure 585
The Neuron 453 Roots Pertaining to Muscles 589
Nerves 453 Clinical Aspects of the Muscular
The Brain 453 System 591
The Spinal Cord 457 Multiple System Disorders Involving
The Autonomic Nervous System 457 Muscles 591
Word Parts Pertaining to the Nervous Labeling Exercises 596
System 463 Chapter Review 599
Clinical Aspects of the Nervous Case Studies 601
System 467 Crossword Puzzle 606
Behavioral Disorders 471 Answer Section 607
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xxiv EXPANDED CONTENTS
21 The Skin 610 Appendix 2: Abbreviations
Anatomy of the Skin 611 and Their Meanings 640
Associated Skin Structures 612
Appendix 3: Word Parts
Roots Pertaining to the Skin 613
and Their Meanings 653
Clinical Aspects of the Skin 614
Labeling Exercise 627 Appendix 4: Meanings and Their
Chapter Review 628 Corresponding Word Parts 664
Case Studies 631
Appendix 5: Metric Measurements 676
Crossword Puzzle 635
Answer Section 636 Suggested Readings 677
Index 679
Appendix 1: Commonly
Used Symbols 639 Flashcards
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Preface
E
very career in health care begins with learning the vast and challenging language of medical termi-
nology. Without adequate learning and teaching resources, it can be an overwhelming challenge for
students and faculty. This new edition of Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guidemeets that chal-
lenge with a clear organizational scheme, full-color illustrations with a strong clinical focus, a wide array of
effective pedagogical features, a variety of activities, and useful ancillaries to make teaching and learning more
effective. Because the content is so accessible and logically organized, the text can be used as part of class-
room instruction, for independent study, or for distance learning.
Organization and Approach
Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guidetakes a stepwise approach to learning the language of medical ter-
minology. Part 1 describes how medical terms are built, and Part 2 introduces body structure, disease, and
treatment. These chapters should be studied before proceeding to Part 3, which describes each of the body
systems. Individual chapters also build on knowledge in stages, with Key Terms sections listing those terms
most commonly used and specialized terms included in a later section entitled Supplementary Terms. The
latter terms may be studied according to time available and student needs.
Each chapter opens with a chapter outline and a list of student objectives—goals to be accomplished by
the completion of the chapter. In Part 3, the chapters begin with an overview of the normal structure and
function of the system under study, followed by a list of key terms with definitions (the roots used in the ac-
companying chapter exercises are included in these definitions). Word parts related to each topic are then
presented and illustrated, along with exercises on the new material. Next, there is an overview of clinical in-
formation pertaining to the system, also followed by a list of key terms with definitions. Many chapters con-
tain displays that unify and simplify material on specific topics.
New to this edition is information on complementary and alternative medicine and special interest boxes
with information on word derivations and usage.
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Reviewers
Pam Besser, PhD Margaret Bellak, MN
Professor Professor of Nursing
Business Division Nursing and Allied Health Department
Jefferson Community College Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Louisville, KY Indiana, PA
Dr. Joyce B. Harvey, RHIA, PhD Sharon A. Kerber
Associate Professor Instructor
Department of Allied Health Department of Education
Norfolk State University Missouri College
Norfolk, VA St. Louis, MO
Les Chatelain Cynthia Booth Lord, MHS, PA-C
University of Utah Assistant Professor and Physician Assistant
Department of Health Promotion and Education Program Director
Salt Lake City, UT Department of Biomedical Science
Quinnipiac University
Mary Allbright, RN Hamden, CT
Medical Instructor
Department of Business Technology and Paramedic Pamela Van Bevern, PA-C, MPAS
Program Assistant Professor
Arkansas Valley Technical College Physician Assistant Program
Van Buren, AR Saint Louis University
St. Louis, MO
Kimberly Shannon, RN
Surgical Technology Program Coordinator Jill E. Winland-Brown, EdD, MSN, ARNP
Moore Norman Technology Center Professor and Assistant Dean of Undergraduate
Norman, OK Studies
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Juanita R. Bryant, CMA-A/C Florida Atlantic University
BE, Masters Equivalent Boca Raton, FL
Professor of Medical Terminology
Cabrillo College/Sierra College
Aptos/Rocklin, CA
xvii
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xviii REVIEWERS
Sandra A. Jentzen, RN, BSN, MA Bennita W. Vaughans, RN, MSN
Faculty Member Instructor
Department of Human, Health, and Public Service Medical Assisting Technology
Careers H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College
Lansing Community College Montgomery, AL
Flushing, MI
Faculty Member
Division of Health Sciences
Mott Community College
Flint, MI
1267-00 FM 07/07/03 14:23 Page ix
User’s
Guide
This User’s Guide shows you how to put the features of Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guide, 4th Edition
to work for you.
TERMINOLOGY
Terminology is presented in a consistent and logical manner. Phonetic pronunciations are included with
all new terms.
Key Termsinclude the most
commonly used words.
Key Terms
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Abbreviationsfor common terms.
Key Clinical Termslist medical terms pertinent
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ix
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x USER’S GUIDE
SPECIAL INTEREST BOXES
Special interest boxesappear throughout the book and contain information on word derivations
and usage.
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DISPLAYS
Displaysorganize information on specific topics and serve as references and reviews.
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