Medical Terminology: A Programmed Systems Approach, 10th edition

717 Pages·2010·32.511 MB·English

by  Dennerll, Jean Tannis, Davis, Phyllis E

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Medical Terminology: A Programmed © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Systems Approach, Tenth Edition
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CONTENTS
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
About This Programmed System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
How to Use Studyware™. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Section A How to Work the Program—Directions for Use of Programmed Learning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
UNIT 1 FRAMES 1.1–1.98 The Word-Building System—Introduction to Word Parts
Including Word Roots, Suffixes, Prefixes, Parts of Speech,
and Plural Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Shingles. Varicella zoster virus (VZV).
Herpes zoster. Postherpetic neuralgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Dermatologist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Dermatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
UNIT 2 FRAMES 2.1–2.137 Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic
Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Castleman’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Registered Radiologic Technologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Spleen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Cytotechnologist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
CASE STUDY: Discharge Summary—Acute Chest Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
UNIT 3 FRAMES 3.1–3.143 Oncology and the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Malignant Melanoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Medical Technologist (MT [ASCP]), Medical
Laboratory Technician (MLT), Certified Laboratory Assistant (CLA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Ovarian Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Radiation Therapists (RT[T]). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Electroneurodiagnostic (END) Technologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): West Nile Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
UNIT 4 FRAMES 4.1–4.157 Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Osteoporosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Doctor of Osteopathy (DO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Post-Polio Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
CASE STUDY: Report Summary—Septic Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
UNIT 5 FRAMES 5.1–5.165 Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-,
brady-, tachy-, poly-, syn- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): E. Coli Infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Audiologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
CASE STUDY: Operative Report—Cholecystectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
UNIT 6 FRAMES 6.1–6.131 Urology and Gynecology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Interval History and Physical Exam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Intestinal Endometriosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
CASE STUDY: Discharge Summary—Transurethral Resection of the Prostate . . . . . . . . . . . .244
UNIT 7 FRAMES 7.1–7.102 Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Paraesophageal Hernia
with Perforated Duodenal Ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): HIV with Hepatitis B and C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
CASE STUDY: Endoscopy Report—Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280
iii
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iv CONTENTS
UNIT 8 FRAMES 8.1–8.144 Neurology, Psychology, Anesthesiology,
and Vascular Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Registered Pharmacist (R.Ph), Pharmacy Technician. . . . . . . . . . . . . .297
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Endovenous Ablation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Physical Therapist (PT), Physical Therapy Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
CASE STUDY: Summary—Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327
UNIT 9 FRAMES 9.1–9.125 Anatomic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
CASE STUDY: Consultation Note—Hypoventilation Syndrome,
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367
UNIT 10 FRAMES 10.1–10.167 Surgery, Diabetes, Immunology, Lesions,
and Prefixes of Numbers and Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Laparoscopic Procedure Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Certified Surgical Technologist (CST ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Autopsy (Postmortem Exam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404
CASE STUDY: Mastectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416
UNIT 11 FRAMES 11.1–11.94 Descriptive Prefixes, Asepsis, and Pharmacology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) . . . . . . . . . . . .438
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Unintentional Drug Overdose Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443
CASE STUDY: Neurology Operative Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453
UNIT 12 FRAMES 12.1–12.96 Prefixes of Location and Medication Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . 457
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Nurse, LPN, RN, NP, CRNA, Clinical Nurse
Specialist, MSN, PhD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477
CASE STUDY: Operative Report—Bilateral Adnexal Masses, Endometriosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485
UNIT 13 FRAMES 13.1–13.99 Respiratory System and Pulmonology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): COPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Respiratory Therapist (RRT or CRT ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA)
and Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510
CASE STUDY: Postop Visit—Status Asthmaticas, Viral Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518
UNIT 14 FRAMES 14.1–14.115 Word Parts for Night, Sleep, Split, Skeletal System,
and Orthopedics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Registered Occupational Therapist (OTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Cervical Radiology Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537
CASE STUDY: Operative Report—Open Reduction Fractured Elbow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554
UNIT 15 FRAMES 15.1–15.158 Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, and Medical
Specialties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Certified Ophthalmic Assistant (COA),
Technician (COT ), and Medical Technologist (COMT ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560
CASE STUDY INVESTIGATION (CSI): Thyroidectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580
PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: Emergency Medical Technician (EMT ), Paramedic (EMT-P). . . . . . .583
CASE STUDY: Phacoemulsification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594
APPENDIX A ISMP’s List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations . . . . . . . 599
APPENDIX B Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
Weights and Measures 602
Chemical Symbols 603
Diagnoses 604
Procedures 607
Health Professions and Groups 610
Charting Abbreviations 612
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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CONTENTS v
APPENDIX C Additional Word Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
APPENDIX D Glossary of Proper Names of Diseases and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
APPENDIX E Answers to Unit Review Activities and Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
APPENDIX F Puzzle Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
Index of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646
Index of Word Parts Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .657
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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PREFACE
Medical Terminology: A Programmed Systems Approach, Tenth Edition, is a medical
terminology textbook that teaches a word-building system using a programmed
learning format. Thousands of medical words may be built by learning the Latin and
Greek prefixes, suffixes, and word roots from which our English medical terms originate.
Genevieve Smith and Phyllis Davis were the first to apply programmed learning to the
teaching of medical terminology when they designed this textbook over 38 years ago.
This system continues with the tenth edition to refine the process as well as to enhance
this system using current educational technology.
Medical Terminology: A Programmed Systems Approach, Tenth Edition, is designed to
provide a comprehensive entry-level study of medical language for health career
learners with little or no previous experience. During 30 years of teaching medical
terminology, I have been amazed by course assessment statistics showing positive
results using this textbook. Instructor and student reviews also express their satisfaction
and enthusiasm for using the materials in this textbook and its supplemental package.
ABBREVIATION USE WARNING
Use of correct medical abbreviations allows the healthcare provider to communicate
concisely and quickly. However, use of incorrect, poorly written, confusing, and
made-up abbreviations are dangerous. Poor quality care may result from errors made
misusing medical abbreviations. The Joint Commission has issued an official “do not use”
list of abbreviations and symbols. Visit the http://www.jointcommission.org Web site
and search for “do not use list” to view the list. In addition to the Joint Commission list,
the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has published “ISMP’s List of Error-Prone
Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dosage Designations”; refer to Appendix A.
Medical Terminology: A Programmed Systems Approach, Tenth Edition will continue to
include medical abbreviations as part of each unit. The rationale for this decision is that
even though abbreviation use is being discouraged, its use continues in printed and
electronic records and past medical records. It would be irresponsible for this text to
exclude abbreviations from study. By continuing their presentation, this text hopes to
increase the learner’s awareness of correct use of abbreviations, the need for caution,
and safe practices.
ORGANIZATION
This book contains fifteen units progressively organized by word-building subject
matter and body systems that may be easily organized for semester assignments.
The programmed learning, word-building system format presents and reinforces word
parts and word building with over 2,000 frames—more than any other programmed
medical terminology textbook. This format requires active participation through reading,
writing, answering questions, labeling, repetition, and providing immediate feedback.
Various types of tables offer word part summaries, medical report data, and additional
information about subjects that may not be included in the frames. Abbreviation
tables that appear at the end of each unit include correct medical abbreviations.
Abbreviation lists are included in Appendix B and organized by subjects including
weights and measures, chemical symbols, diagnoses, procedures, health professions
and organizations, and charting.
vii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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viii PREFACE
Several special features in each unit enhance the learning of medical terminology. See
“About This Programmed System” on pages xvii–xix for a detailed description of each
feature.
LEARNING SUPPLEMENTS
The following supplements are included with your textbook to provide even more help
as you study.
• Flashcards. Improve your knowledge and test your mastery by using the flashcards
created from the cards provided in the last section of the book. Remove these
perforated pages carefully and then separate the cards. Flashcards are an effective
study aid for use even when you only have a small amount of time.
• StudyWARE™ CD-ROM. This interactive software packaged with the book offers an
exciting way to gain additional practice (while having fun) through exercises, game
activities, and audio for each chapter. See “How to Use StudyWARE™ ” on page xxi for
details.
CHANGES TO THE TENTH EDITION
• Extensive technical accuracy reviews were performed on every aspect of the
textbook and directly-linked ancillaries to ensure correctness of all terminology
content and answers.
• Over 50 NEW images and line art illustrations were added to enhance your
understanding of the content.
• NEW diagnostic imaging modalities; surgical techniques; and anatomy, physiology,
and disease terminology updates can be found throughout the text.
• NEW StudyWARE™ Connection feature directs you to additional learning
opportunities such as practice quizzes, animations, image labeling, and other
interactive games included on the accompanying CD-ROM.
• NEW Case Study Investigation (CSI) in each unit features excerpts from actual
medical records, and a vocabulary challenge provides “real-world” experience with
analyzing medical terms, breaking down terms into their respective word parts,
defining word parts, and defining abbreviations.
• NEW Flashcards in the back of the book are a convenient and portable study aide to
help you master the important terms from each unit.
• NEW Images for Professional Profiles provide a visual with the description of the
function and credentials of various allied health professions. These vignettes and
photos provide information about possible career paths.
• NEW Icons for feature frames help you easily identify these special frames
that point out interesting facts to help with retention, spelling tips and tricks, and
dictionary exercises.
• EXPANDED Glossaries in each unit ensure you have all the latest terminology you’ll
need for the workplace.
• Revised Review Activities provide you with a variety of exercises to reinforce terms
learned within the frames.
• NEW appendix lists error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations.
• NEW Mobile Downloads including audio for iPods, MP3 players, and cell phones
allow you to study anywhere and at any time.
• NEW instructor slides created in PowerPoint® include images and animations
and are designed to aid instructors in planning class lectures.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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PREFACE ix
• REVISED Audio CDs provide practice for learning the definitions and proper pronun-
ciation of 3500 word parts and terms and is presented with corresponding textbook
frame references.
• REVISED Instructor’s Manual in electronic format has numerous resources to help
instructors prepare for class, including sample syllabi; course schedules; lesson plans;
quizzes; exams; and word part activity sheets for each unit.
SPECIAL RESOURCES TO ACCOMPANY THE BOOK
Audio CDs ISBN: 1-4354-3893-0
Audio CDs to accompany Medical Terminology: A Programmed Systems Approach, Tenth
Edition, includes specific frame references and pronunciation of most terms, presented
in unit order. The Audio CDs are designed to allow learners to listen to the term,
pronounce it aloud, and in many cases hear the term used in context or defined. The
Audio CDs may also be used as dictation by listening to the term, writing the word, and
then checking the spelling of the terms in the textbook.
Also Available: Text/Audio CDs Value Package ISBN: 1-1110-8036-4
Instructor Resources ISBN 1-4354-3890-6
The Instructor Resources is a robust computerized tool for all instructional needs!
A must-have for all instructors, this comprehensive and convenient CD-ROM contains
the following:
• The Instructor’s Manual features a correlation guide from the ninth to tenth
edition, sample syllabi for 10-week and 16-week courses, quizzes for each unit,
midterm exam, and comprehensive final exam. In addition, suggestions for course
design, class activities, games, and unit word part lists are also included.
• ExamView® Computerized Testbank contains over 1,400 questions with answers
organized according to the fifteen units in the textbook. This CD-ROM testbank assists
in creating personalized unit, midterm, and final examinations.
Features include:
• An interview mode or wizard, to guide instructors through the steps of creating
a test in less than 5 minutes
• The capability to edit questions or to add an unlimited number of questions
• Online (Internet-based) testing capability
• Online (computer-based) testing capability
• A sophisticated word processor
• Numerous test layout and printing options
• Link groups of questions to common narratives
• Instructor slides created in PowerPoint® include images and animations and are
designed to aid in planning class lectures.
WebTUTOR™ Advantage
Designed to complement the text, WebTUTOR™ is a content-rich, Web-based teaching
and learning aid that reinforces and clarifies complex concepts. Animations enhance
learning and retention of material. The WebCT™ and Blackboard™ platforms also provide
rich communication tools to instructors and learners, including a course calendar, chat,
email, and threaded discussions.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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