Medical Pharmacology at a Glance

119 Pages·2015·39.83 MB·English

by  Michael J. Neal

Medical
Pharmacology
at a Glance
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Medical
Pharmacology
at a Glance
Eighth Edition
Michael J. Neal
Formerly Chairman of Pharmacology,
United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy’s
and St Thomas’ Hospital
Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
King’s College London
London
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Neal, M. J., author.
Medical pharmacology at a glance / Michael J. Neal. — Eighth edition.
p. ; cm. — (At a glance)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-90240-0 (pbk.)
I. Title. II. Series: At a glance series (Oxford, England)
[DNLM: 1. Pharmacological Phenomena. QV 37]
RM301.28
615'.1—dc23
2015019953
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears
in print may not be available in electronic books.
Set in Minion Pro 9.5/11.5 by Aptara
Printed in Singapore
1 2016
Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgements vii
Further reading viii
How to use your textbook ix
About the companion website x
1 Introduction: principles of drug action 2
2 Drug–receptor interactions 4
3 Drug absorption, distribution and excretion 6
4 Drug metabolism 8
5 Local anaesthetics 10
6 Drugs acting at the neuromuscular junction 12
7 Autonomic nervous system 14
8 Autonomic drugs acting at cholinergic synapses 16
9 Drugs acting on the sympathetic system 18
10 Ocular pharmacology 20
11 Asthma, hay fever and anaphylaxis 22
12 Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract I: peptic
ulcer 24
13 Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract II: motility and
secretions 26
14 Drugs acting on the kidney: diuretics 28
15 Drugs used in hypertension 30
16 Drugs used in angina 32
17 Antiarrhythmic drugs 34
18 Drugs used in heart failure 36
19 Drugs used to affect blood coagulation 38
20 Lipid-lowering drugs 40
21 Agents used in anaemias 42
22 Central transmitter substances 44
23 General anaesthetics 46
24 Anxiolytics and hypnotics 48
25 Antiepileptic drugs 50
26 Drugs used in Parkinson’s disease 52
27 Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) 54
28 Drugs used in affective disorders: antidepressants 56
29 Opioid analgesic 58
30 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo (antiemetics) 60
31 Drug misuse and dependence 62
32 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 64
33 Corticosteroids 66
34 Sex hormones and drugs 68
35 Thyroid and antithyroid drugs 70
v
36 Antidiabetic agents 72
37 Antibacterial drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis: sulphonamides,
trimethoprim, quinolones and nitroimidazoles 74
38 Antibacterial drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis: penicillins,
cephalosporins and vancomycin 76
39 Antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis: aminoglycosides,
tetracyclines, macrolides and chloramphenicol 78
40 Antifungal drugs 80
41 Antiviral drugs 82
42 Drugs acting on parasites I: helminths (worms) 84
43 Drugs acting on parasites II: protozoa 86
44 Drugs used in cancer 88
45 Immunosuppressants and antirheumatoid drugs 90
46 Poisoning 92
47 Adverse drug reactions 94
Case studies and questions 96
Answers 98
Index 102
vi
Preface  
This book is written primarily for medical students but it each chapter to explain how the drugs produce their effects and
should also be useful to students and scientists in other to outline their uses.
disciplines who would like an elementary and concise In this eighth edition the chapters have been updated. Certain
introduction to pharmacology. topics, e.g. drugs used in AIDs, have been revised and drugs
In this book the text has been reduced to a minimum for acting on the urinary system have been added.
understanding the figures. Nevertheless, I have attempted in
Acknowledgements  
Ia m grateful to Professor J.M. Ritter for his advice and helpful
comments on the case studies and questions. I am also
grateful to Professor P. Chowienczyk for his help with the
cardiovascular chapters and to Professor C. Stanford for her
advice and comments on the chapters concerning drugs used in
psychiatry.
vii
Further reading
British National Formulary. British Medical Association and Bennett P.N., Brown M.J. & Sharma P.J. (2012) Clinical Pharma-
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London cology, Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh.
(about 1000 pp). The BNF is updated twice a year.
Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M., Flower, R.J. & Henderson, G.
(2011) Pharmacology, 7th edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edin-
burgh (829 pp).
viii