Medical Parasitology

501 Pages·14.666 MB·English

by  K Shyamasundari (Author), K Hanumantha Rao (Author)

Professor Koka Shyamasundari graduated from the Andhra University in 1954 with B.Sc
degree and later with B.Sc (Hons) in 1956, and M. Sc by research in 1957. She worked as a
demonstrator in the Department of Zoology, Andhra University till 1958 and was later
elevated to the post of Lecturer in 1959. Her work leading to PhD, was on amphipods, both
planktonic and fouling, with emphasis on neurosecretion and histochemistry.
She was elevated to the post of Reader and Professor in succeeding years. Thirty one students
have taken PhD, degree under her guidance. She has published 320 papers, most of them in
International Journals (36 different foreign journals). She has presented 80 papers at both
National and International Conferences. She has contributed significantly to histochemistry
and histophysiology. She is the author of eleven books for intermediate, and B.Sc besides two monographs.
She has published a book entitled “Histochemistry in Focus” in 2007, with professor K. Hanumantha Rao as the co-
author. She is Fellow of Zoological society of India, Fellow of Zoological Society of Calcutta and Member of
National Academy of Sciences. Allahabad.
Professor Kona Hanumantha Rao graduated from the Andhra University with B.Sc
(Hons) degree in 1950 with Marine Biology as special subject. He started his early research
with devotion to parasites of marine organisms. He took M.Sc (by research) degree in 1952
and D.Sc in 1958. He contributed extensively to lifecycle studies of trematode parasites of
Visakhapatnam. He was trained in Biology of Helminthes while he was Colombo plan
Scholar (1958–60) at University of Leeds, Tropical medicine, Dublin and Cambridge and
London School of Tropical medicine and Hygiene. During this period, he became
interested in Histochemistry of Mehlis glands, and established a strong school of
histochemistry and Histophysiology at the Department of Zoology, Andhra University.
Fifty students took Ph.D degree under his guidance in Marine Biology and Metazoan Parasitology
(Histophysiology). He has published about 370 research papers and contributed significantly to histochemistry
of scleroproteins in marine animals and parasites. He was fellow of National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad,
Fellow of National Institute of communicable deseases, New Delhi, Fellow of Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences,
Hyderabad.
As a Colombo plan scholar, he interacted with famous biologists like Prof. R. D. Keilin, Prof. H.W. Stunkard,
Dr. J.G. Baer, Prof. G. Dubois., Prof. J.D. Smyth, Prof. J.C. Buckley, Prof. E.A. Paul Dr. T.Kerr., and Dr. J.B. Jennings.
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C N D T
HENNAI EW ELHI IRUNELVELI
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ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
(NAAC “A” – CGPF of 3.65 on Four Point Scale)
“ISO 9001 - 2000 Certified”
Fax : 0891 - 2525611
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VISAKHAPATNAM (A.P.). India
20th March 2010
Prof. BEELA SATYANARAYANA
M.E.(MD). M.E.(IE). M.Tech.(CST).Ph.D.(JITD)
VICE-CHANCELLOR
It gives me great pleasure in writing this appreciation, in connection with the publication of the book
“Medical Parasitology” by professors K. Shyamasundari and K. Hanumantha Rao. This book is a
comprehensive treatise combining many aspects of parasitology including microbiology, protozoan
and metazoan parasites and basic laboratory techniques (such as urine anlaysis, stool examination,
haematology, immune system, preparation of whole mounts of invertebrates and their parts, methods
for special organs, invertebrate staining methods and fixation and staining techniques in focus) for
diagnosis. In short, as a book on medical parasitology, this book I am sure will be a welcome addition
to the existing ones. Protozoan and metazoan parasites have been elaborately dealt with which is a
special feature of the book.
The authors are teachers of vast experience in parasitology. Over the years Andhra University
Zoology Department has established a study school of parasitology. Microbiology students and pupils
of Medical college will find this book very informative and useful. I find that reputed professors
Dr. G. Siva Rama Krishna (Professor of Medicine, A.M.C) and Dr. Jayakar (Professor of Microbiology,
A.M.C.) have reviewed the book.
Beela Satyanarayana

It gives me great pleasure to exercise a Foreword to this book on Medical Parasitology.
Despite information explosions there is proverty of a concised book rich in essential details on Man
and Microbes (Tiny living creatures).
Never before is so much in printed media and internet providing endless access to any subject
under consideration. Nevertheless woefully time consuming to go through the information provided
by these sources. This book is an attempt to meet the long felt need for quick reference on the subject.
The authors Dr. K. Shyamasundari and K. Hanumantha Rao who are qualified for decades of
experience in the university atmosphere. The vision to see the need for such a book and conceptualized
the same with photographs and illustrations is commendable.
The techniques detailed will find use in the laboratories for establishing the diagnosis of a disease
state; under question reflecting the trend of investigating medicine overtaking clinical medicine.
Treatise, I am confident, shall be certainly useful to the scientific community at large, particularly
those engaged in laboratory technology. My only hope is that this book will be made available to all
libraries to be widely read. I deeply appreciate and whole heartedly congratulate the authors while
lauding their effort for accomplishing the task of bringing out such a volume.
Prof. Dr. Siva Rama Krishna Rao
Ph.D, M.D, F.I.C.P, F. I AMS in India, F.C.C.P. USA
F.I.CA,(New York); FRSH (London).
Professor & Head Medical College.
Andhra Medical College.
First Physician, King George Hospital
Additional Director of Medical Education
Govt of Andhra Pradesh.

Parasites and parasitic morbidity and/or disease seem to be a birth right of the tropics. This is a sequel to greater
biodiversity fragmented in relation to biogeography and climatic shifts congenial to nocturnal enemies of humans,
like mosquitoes. In fact in some cases parasite strategies have thwarted attempts of the scientific community to
eradicate them. The best example running its course now is any kind of flu. Flu is no simple single strain strategy.
At the base of parasitic diseases, man has recognized a dichotomy namely, animal diseases and diseases of man but
there may be links between humans and animal (zoonoses).
We owe a great deal to the British Empire in the expansion of knowledge of tropical diseases especially of
peninsular India with more or less warm climate plenty of room for growth of intermediate host like Anopheles
(malaria), Culex (filaria) and Aedes (dengue). The School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene at London is especially
interested in this direction. We have at the present time many insitutions in India dealing with public health problems.
Schools of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, several laboratories of preventive medicine and more recently immunology
laboratories. Likewise, there has been a growth of institutions dealing with veterinary medicine and animal health.
We are just begining to understand what is known as zoonoses. That is parasites which normally infect and develop
in animals can under certain circumstances infect humans and thrive with as much ease. India can now boast of
being free of smallpox and plague but bad hygienic conditions are not allowing the control of malaria, dengue,
filaria, typhoid, leprosy, etc. Dilution of efforts because of population explosion is the cause. A multiprolonged
attack 1. Treatment, 2. Eradication of intermediate hosts (like mosquitoes) 3. Preventive measures (Prophylaxis)
specific to each parasitic infection becomes a must, education is necessary.
The aim of the present books is to provide a brief but reasonably comprehensive information to the medical
student as well as students of medical laboratory techniques. To be a comprehensive parasitologist of some worth
and meaning the persent book has been designed. Equal emphasis is given to microbes and the protozoan and
metazoan parasites. Two pertinent remarks can be quoted. Stoll 1947” had said that at any army center the medical
orricer never heard of bancroftian filariasis (the disease) while soldiers saw it with dismay elephantiasis (the
symptom) Philip 1987 had said that there is always some thing new under the parasitological sun.
The academic pursuits of British scientist, have laid the foundation of strong scientific Indian Society.
The surgeon naturalist R.B.S. Sewell did monumental work in the field of marine biology of bay of Bengal. He was
also the person who worked on life cycle stages of trematode parasites (Sewell, 1992). Ronald Ross discovered the
life cycle of the malarial parasited in Secunderabad. Today there is a small “Ross Parasitology Lab” of Osmania
University in Begumpet near Air-port in Secunderabad. Even today a “Ronald Ross day” is celebrated every year.