Table Of Content

AnilK.Sharma,GirishKumarGupta,MukeshYadav(Eds.) MedicalMicrobiology Also of Interest SmartPolymers. PrinciplesandApplications GarcíaJM,GarcíaFC,RegleroRuiz,Vallejos,Trigo-López, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- DrugDeliveryTechnology. HerbalBioenhancersinPharmaceuticals Pingale, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- PhysicalBiochemistry Dumić,Škorić, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- MicrobiologyofFoodQuality. ChallengesinFoodProductionandDistributionDuring andAfterthePandemics Hakalehto(Ed.), ISBN----,e-ISBN---- FoodScienceandTechnology. TrendsandFutureProspects Ijabadeniyi(Ed.), ISBN----,e-ISBN---- Medical Microbiology Edited by Anil K. Sharma, Girish Kumar Gupta, Mukesh Yadav Editors Prof.Dr.AnilK.Sharma Dr.GirishKumarGupta DepartmentofBiotechnology DepartmentofPharmaceuticalChemistry EngineeringBlock-II SriSaiCollegeofPharmacy M.M.(DeemedtobeUniversity) Badhani,Pathankot Mullana,Ambala133207 Punjab Haryana India India and Tel:+91-8059777758 DirectorofResearchandDevelopment Email:[email protected]; SriSaiGroupofInstitutes [email protected] Badhani,Pathankot145001 Punjab Dr.MukeshYadav India DepartmentofBiotechnology Tel:+91-7206930164 EngineeringBlock-II Email:[email protected] M.M.(DeemedtobeUniversity) Mullana,Ambala133207 Haryana India Email:[email protected] ISBN978-3-11-051764-4 e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-051773-6 e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-051774-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2021950683 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2022WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Coverimage:designsstock/istock/GettyImagesPlus Typesetting:IntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd. Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Abouttheeditors VII Listofcontributingauthors IX PoojaMittal,RamitKapoorandRupeshK.Gautam Chapter1 Introductionofmicrobiology 1 NamrataMalik Chapter2 Bacteriology 11 MalayKumarSannigrahi,Deepika Chapter3 Virology 51 YounisAhmadHajam,RahulDatta,Sonika,AjaySharma,RajeshKumar, AbhinayThakurandAnilKumarSharma Chapter4 Parasitology 93 AmitKumarSingh Chapter5 Mycology 149 SaloniSingh Chapter6 Microbialassaytechniques 177 AnilKumar,ShailjaSankhyan,AbhishekWalia,ChayanikaPutatunda, DharambirKashyap,AjaySharmaandAnilKSharma Chapter7 Antimicrobialresistance:medicalsciencefacingadauntingchallenge 201 NaziaTarannum,RanjitHawaldar Chapter8 Microbiologyasanoccupationalhazard:riskandchallenges 229 VI Contents PreetiKumariSharma,PaavanSinghal Chapter9 Medicalwastemanagement 239 Index 263 About the editors Prof.AnikK.Sharmaishaving25yearsofresearchexperienceincluding industrialR&D,teachingandadministration.Currently,heisworkingasa ProfessorandHeadintheDepartmentofBiotechnologyatMaharishi Markandeshwar(MM)(DeemedtobeUniversity)Mullana-Ambala, Haryana,India,forpast11years(2010–tilldate).Beforethisassignment, heworkedasaSeniorResearchSpecialistinHealthSciences (2008–2010)andaPost-DoctoralResearchFellow(Molecularbiology) (2003–2010)attheMicrobiologyandImmunologyDepartmentatUIC CollegeofMedicineChicago,IL,USA.Dr.Sharmahasworkedindiversescientificfieldsranging frommolecularbiology,cancerbiology,antimicrobialdrugresistance,nanomedicinestothe developmentofmicrobialstrainsforremediationofheavymetalsandpesticides.Hiscontributions tomedicalbiotechnologyandindustrialcumpharmaceuticalbiotechnologyhavebeengreatly acknowledged.Dr.Sharmahaspublished155articlesinpeer-reviewed,high-impactjournalsof internationalreputewithsomeoftheminJournalofBiologicalChemistry(ASBMB,USA,impact factor~4.57),PlantBiotechnologyJournal(impactfactor8.4),SeminarsinCancerBiology(Elsevier, impactfactor~15.7),Anti-CancerAgentsinMedicinalChemistry(impactfactor2.7),Immunology CellBiology(NaturePublishingGroup,impactfactor4.2),CurrentMedicinalChemistry(impact factor3.8),etc.havingmorethan4,615citations(H-Index~31;i10index:64;CumulativeImpact Factor~330).Hehasfiled11patentinventionsandpublished7bookswithprestigiouspublishers, includingSpringer,Pan-Stanford,andNovaPublishers.Dr.Sharmahasbeenfelicitatedwithmany awardsforscientificexcellenceduringhiscareer:OutstandingScientistAward(2021),Abdul KalamAzadAward(2018),BRICPLEminentScientistAward(2017,2018),AchieverAward(2017), AppreciationAward(2008,fromUICIllinoisatChicago,USA),MGIMSYoungScientistAward (2000),andVCSMemorialYoungScientistAward(1999). Dr.GirishKumarGuptaispresentlyworkingasProfessorof PharmaceuticalChemistryatSriSaiCollegeofPharmacy,Badhani,and DirectorResearchandDevelopmentatSriSaiGroupofInstitutes, Pathankot,India.Hehasbeenawardedseveralfellowshipsand distinctionsandhaspublishedmorethan90scientificpublications.His currentfocusisonthediscoveryofbioactivenaturalproductsand chemicalentitiesespeciallyinthefieldofantimicrobialsbytheuseof virtualscreeningfollowedbyinvitroassays. Dr.MukeshYadavisAssistantProfessorattheDepartmentof Biotechnology,MaharishiMarkandeshwar(MM)(Deemedtobe University),Mullana-Ambala,India.HeaccomplishedhisB.Sc.andM.Sc. inBiotechnologyfromMaharshiDayanandUniversity,Rohtak,India.He completedhisPh.D.degreeinMicrobialBiotechnologyfromPunjabi University,Patiala,India.HehasbeenawardedwithIndianfellowship programs(CSIRandDBT).Hisareaofexpertiseismicrobial biotechnology.Heisextensivelyinvolvedinresearchdomainof fermentativeproductionofmicrobialenzymesandmicrobialmetabolites https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110517736-203 VIII Abouttheeditors ofindustrialimportance.Hehaspublishedmorethan70researchandreviewarticlesinvarious reputednationalandinternationaljournals.Hehaspublishedbooksonmicrobialenzymesfor foodindustries,industrialbiotechnology,andtherapeuticpotentialofflavonoidsand instrumentation.Hehaslifemembershipofseveralprofessionalscientificsocietiesand contributingtothedevelopmentofsociety. List of contributing authors Chapter1 Deepika PoojaMittal ThaparInstituteofEngineeringand MaharishiMarkandeshwarUniversity Technology Sadopur,Ambala134003 Patiala,Punjab Haryana India India [email protected] RamitKapoor Chapter4 ParexelInternational YounisAhmadHajam Sadopur,Ambala134003 DepartmentofZoology Haryana CareerPointUniversity India Hamirpur176041 HimachalPradesh RupeshK.Gautam India MaharishiMarkandeshwarUniversity Sadopur,Ambala134003 RahulDatta Haryana CentreforAgriculturalResearchand India Innovation Emailid:[email protected] GuruNanakDevUniversity Amritsar143005 Chapter2 Punjab NamrataMalik India SchoolofLifeSciences JaipurNationalUniversity Sonika Jaipur302025 DepartmentofZoology Rajasthan CareerPointUniversity India Hamirpur176041 and HimachalPradesh InstituteofAgriculturalSciences India BanarasHinduUniversity Varanasi221005 AjaySharma UttarPradesh DepartmentofChemistry India CareerPointUniversity Hamirpur176041 Chapter3 HimachalPradesh MalayKumarSannigrahi India PostgraduateInstituteofMedicalEducation andResearch RajeshKumar Chandigarh DepartmentofZoology India CareerPointUniversity [email protected] Hamirpur176041 HimachalPradesh India https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110517736-204 X Listofcontributingauthors AbhinayThakur ShailjaSankhyan DepartmentofZoology DepartmentofBiotechnology DAVCollege ChandigarhUniversity Jalandhar144008,Punjab Gharuan India Mohali,Punjab EmailId:[email protected] India AnilKumarSharma AbhishekWalia DepartmentofBiotechnology DepartmentofMicrobiology MMDU CSKHimachalPradeshAgriculturalUniversity Mullana,Ambala Palampur Haryana HimachalPradesh India India [email protected] ChayanikaPutatunda Chapter5 DepartmentofMicrobiology AmitKumarSingh DAVUniversity ImmunologyandMicrobialDiseases Jalandhar,Punjab Laboratory India AlbanyMedicalCenter Albany,NewYork DharambirKashyap NY12208 DepartmentofHistopathology USA PostgraduateInstituteofMedicalEducation [email protected] andResearch Chandigarh160012 Chapter6 Punjab SaloniSingh India SchoolofLifeSciences JaipurNationalUniversity AjaySharma Jaipur302025 DepartmentofChemistry Rajasthan CareerPointUniversity India Tikker-Kharwarian [email protected] Hamirpur176041 HimachalPradesh Chapter7 India AnilKumar DepartmentofMicrobiology AnilKSharma DAVUniversity DepartmentofBiotechnology Jalandhar,Punjab MaharishiMarkandeshwar(Deemedtobe India University)Mullana [email protected] Ambala,Haryana India [email protected]