Medical Law and Ethics

602 Pages·2002·19.822 MB·English

by  Sheila A.M. McLean

Medical Law and Ethics
The International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory
Second Series
Series Editor: Tom D. Campbell
Titles in the Series:
Freedom of Speech, Volumes I and II Anti-Discrimination Law
Larry Alexander Christopher McCrudden
Privacy Medical Law and Ethics
Eric Barendt Sheila McLean
Comparative Legal Cultures Mediation
John Bell Carrie Menkel-Meadow
Contract Law, Volumes I and II Environmental Law
Brian Bix Peter S. Menell
Corporate Law Criminal Law
William W. Bratton Thomas Morawetz
Law and Democracy Law and Language
Tom D. Campbell and Adrienne Stone Thomas Morawetz
Legal Positivism Law and Anthropology
Tom D. Campbell Martha Mundy
Administrative Law Gender and Justice
Peter Cane Ngaire Naffine
International Trade Law Law and Economics
Ronald A. Cass and Michael S. Knoll Eric A. Posner
Sociological Perspectives on Law, Japanese Law
Volumes I and II J. Mark Ramseyer
Roger Cotterrell
Justice
Intellectual Property Wojciech Sadurski
Peter Drahos
The Rule of Law
Family, State and Law, Volumes I and II Frederick Schauer
Michael D. Freeman
Regulation
Natural Law Colin Scott
Robert P. George
War Crimes
Commercial Law Gerry Simpson
Clayton P. Gillette
Restitution
Competition Law Lionel D. Smith
Rosa Greaves
Company Law and Society
Chinese Law and Legal Theory David Sugar man
Perry Keller
Freedom of Information
International Law, Volumes I and II Robert G Vaughn
Martti Koskenniemi and David Kennedy
Tort Law
Constitutional Law Ernest J. Weinrib
Ian D. Loveland
Rights
Interpretation of Law Robin West
D. Neil MacCormick and Fernando Atria
Welfare Law
Human Rights Lucy A. Williams
Robert McCorquodale
Medical Law and Ethics
Edited by
Sheila McLean
University of Glasgow, UK
First published 2002 by Dartmouth Publishing Company and Ashgate Publishing
Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an info rm a business
Copyright © Sheila McLean 2002. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the Acknowledgements.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification
and explanation without intent to infringe.
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some
imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they
have been unable to contact.
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 200 I 022937
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-73097-7 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-18807-2 (ebk)
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Series Preface ix
Introduction xi
PART I NEGLIGENCE/CONSENT
1 Marjorie Maguire Shultz (1985), 'From Informed Consent to Patient Choice: A
New Protected Interest', Yale Law Journal, 95, pp. 219-99. 3
2 Gerald Robertson (1981), 'Informed Consent to Medical Treatment', Law
Quarterly Review, 97, pp. 102-26. 85
3 Danuta Mendelson (1996), 'Historical Evolution and Modern Implications of
Concepts of Consent to, and Refusal of, Medical Treatment in the Law of
Trespass', The Journal of Legal Medicine, 17, pp. 1-71. Ill
4 Allen Buchanan (1978), 'Medical Paternalism', Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1,
pp. 370-90. 183
PART II REPRODUCTION
5 Ronald Dworkin (1993), 'The Morality of Abortion', in Ronald Dworkin (éd.),
Life's Dominion, London: HarperCollins, pp. 30-67, 245-7. 207
6 Sheila A.M. McLean (1990), 'Abortion Law: Is Consensual Reform Possible?',
Journal of Law and Society, 17, pp. 106-23. 249
7 David W. Meyers (1970), 'Compulsory Sterilisation and Castration', in David W.
Meyers, The Human Body and the Law, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
pp. 26-47, 167-73. 267
8 Margaret Brazier (1999), 'Regulating the Reproduction Business?', Medical Law
Review, 7, pp. 166-93. 297
9 Susan S. Mattingly (1992), 'The Maternal-Fetal Dyad: Exploring the Two-Patient
Obstetric Model', Hastings Center Report, 92, January-February, pp. 13-18. 325
10 Dawn E. Johnsen (1986), 'The Creation of Fetal Rights: Conflicts with Women's
Constitutional Rights to Liberty, Privacy, and Equal Protection', Yale Law
Journal, 95, pp. 599-625. 331
11 George J. Annas (1988), 'She's Going to Die: The Case of Angela C\ Hastings
Center Report, 88, February-March, pp. 23-5. 359
12 J.K. Mason (2000), 'Unwanted Pregnancy: A Case of Retroversion?', Edinburgh
Law Review, 4, pp. 191-206. 363
vi Medical Law and Ethics
PART III HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION AND RESEARCH
13 Henry K. Beecher (1966), 'Ethics and Clinical Research', New England Journal
of Medicine, 274, pp. 1354-60. 381
14 Alastair V. Campbell (1989), 'A Report from New Zealand: An "Unfortunate
Experiment" ', Bioethics, 3, pp. 59-66. 389
15 Ian Kennedy (1998), 'Research and Experimentation', in Ian Kennedy and
Andrew Grubb (eds), Principles of Medical Law, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, pp. 714-46. 397
PART IV DEATH AND DYING
16 Helga Kuhse (1999), 'Some Reflections on the Problem of Advance Directives,
Personhood, and Personal Identity', Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 9,
pp. 347-64. 433
17 John A. Robertson (1991), 'Second Thoughts on Living Wills', Hastings Center
Report, November-December, pp. 6-9. 451
18 Joanne Lynn and Joan M. Teno (1993), 'After the Patient Self-Determination Act:
The Need for Empirical Research on Formal Advance Directives', Hastings
Center Report, 23, January-February, pp. 20-24. 455
19 Linda L. Emanuel and Ezekiel J. Emanuel (1993), 'Decisions at the End of Life:
Guided by Communities of Patients', Hastings Center Report, 23, September-
October, pp. 6-14. 461
20 Ann Sommerville (1996), 'Are Advance Directives Really the Answer? And
What was the Question?', in Sheila A.M. McLean (éd.), Death, Dying and the
Law, Aldershot: Dartmouth, pp. 29^7. 471
21 John Keown (1995), 'Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Sliding Down the Slippery
Slope?', in John Keown (éd.), Euthanasia Examined: Ethical, Clinical and Legal
Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261-96. 491
22 John Griffiths (1995), 'Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands: The Chabot Case',
Modern Law Review, 58, pp. 232-48, 895-7. 527
23 Jonathan Glover (1977), 'Not Striving to Keep Alive', in Jonathan Glover (éd.),
Causing Death and Saving Lives, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp. 92-116,
304-305. 547
Name Index 575
Acknowledgements
The editor and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.
Ashgate Publishing Limited for the essay: Ann Sommerville (1996), 'Are Advance Directives
Really the Answer? And What was the Question?', in Sheila A.M. McLean (éd.), Death, Dying
and the Law, Aldershot: Dartmouth, pp. 29-47.
Blackwell Publishers for the essays: Sheila A.M. McLean (1990), 'Abortion Law: Is Consensual
Reform Possible?', Journal of Law and Society, 17, pp. 106-23; Alastair V. Campbell (1989),
'A Report from New Zealand: An "Unfortunate Experiment'", Bioethics, 3, pp. 59-66; John
Griffiths (1995), 'Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands: The Chabot Case', Modern Law Review,
58, pp. 232-48, 895-7. Copyright © 1995 The Modern Law Review.
Cambridge University Press for the essay: John Keown (1995), 'Euthanasia in the Netherlands:
Sliding Down the Slippery Slope?', in John Keown (éd.), Euthanasia Examined: Ethical,
Clinical and Legal Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261-96.
HarperCollins Publishers for the essay: Ronald Dworkin (1993), 'The Morality of Abortion',
in Ronald Dworkin (éd.), Life's Dominion, London: HarperCollins, pp. 30-67, 245-7.
Hastings Center for the essays: Susan S. Mattingly (1992), 'The Maternal-Fetal Dyad: Exploring
the Two-Patient Obstetric Model', Hastings Center Report, 92, January-February, pp. 13-18;
George J. Annas (1988), 'She's Going to Die: The Case of Angela C\ Hastings Center Report,
88, February-March, pp. 23-5; John A. Robertson (1991), 'Second Thoughts on Living Wills',
Hastings Center Report, November-December, pp. 6-9; Joanne Lynn and Joan M. Teno (1993),
'After the Patient Self-Determination Act: The Need for Empirical Research on Formal Advance
Directives', Hastings Center Report, 23, January-February, pp. 20-24; Linda L. Emanuel and
Ezekiel J. Emanuel (1993), 'Decisions at the End of Life: Guided by Communities of Patients',
Hastings Center Report, 23, September-October, pp. 6-14. Copyright © Hastings Center.
Johns Hopkins University Press for the essay: Helga Kuhse (1999), 'Some Reflections on the
Problem of Advance Directives, Personhood, and Personal Identity', Kennedy Institute of Ethics
Journal, 9, pp. 347-64. Copyright © 1999 The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Massachusetts Medical Society for the essay: Henry K. Beecher (1966), 'Ethics and Clinical
Research', New England Journal of Medicine, 21 A, pp. 1354-60. Copyright © 1966
Massachusetts Medical Society.
David W. Meyers (1970), 'Compulsory Sterilisation and Castration', in David W. Meyers, The
Human Body and the Law, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 26-47, 167-73.
Copyright © D.W. Meyers.
VIU Medical Law and Ethics
Oxford University Press for the essays: Margaret Brazier (1999), 'Regulating the Reproduction
Business?', Medical Law Review, 1, pp. 166-93. Copyright © 1999 Oxford University Press;
Ian Kennedy (1998), 'Research and Experimentation', in Ian Kennedy and Andrew Grubb
(eds), Principles of Medical Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 714-46. Copyright ©
1998 Oxford University Press. Reprinted from Principles of Medical Law, edited by Ian Kennedy
and Andrew Grubb (1998) by permission of Oxford University Press.
Penguin UK for the essay: Jonathan Glover (1977), 'Not Striving to Keep Alive', in Jonathan
Glover (éd.), Causing Death and Saving Lives, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, Chapters 7
and 8, pp. 92-116, 304-305. Copyright © 1977 Jonathan Glover.
Princeton University Press for the essay: Allen Buchanan (1978), 'Medical Paternalism',
Philosophy and Public Affairs, 7, pp. 370-90. Copyright © 1978 Princeton University Press.
Sweet & Maxwell Ltd for the essay: Gerald Robertson (1981), 'Informed Consent to Medical
Treatment', Law Quarterly Review, 97, pp. 102-26.
Taylor & Francis Ltd for the essay: Danuta Mendelson ( 1996), 'Historical Evolution and Modern
Implications of Concepts of Consent to, and Refusal of, Medical Treatment in the Law of
Trespass', The Journal of Legal Medicine, 17, pp. 1-71. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
T&T Clark Ltd for the essay: J.K. Mason (2000), 'Unwanted Pregnancy: A Case of
Retroversion?', Edinburgh Law Review, 4, pp. 191-206.
Yale Law Journal for the essays: Marjorie Maguire Shultz (1985), 'From Informed Consent to
Patient Choice: A New Protected Interest', Yale Law Journal, 95, pp. 219-99. Reprinted by
permission of The Yale Law Journal Company and William S. Hein Company from The Yale
Law Journal, 95, pp. 219-99; Dawn E. Johnsen (1986), 'The Creation of Fetal Rights: Conflicts
with Women's Constitutional Rights to Liberty, Privacy, and Equal Protection', Yale Law Journal,
95, pp. 599-625. Reprinted by permission of The Yale Law Journal Company and William S.
Hein Company from The Yale Law Journal, 95, pp. 599-625.
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently
overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first
opportunity.
Preface to the Second Series
The first series of the International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory has established
itself as a major research resource with fifty-eight volumes of the most significant theoretical
essays in contemporary legal studies. Each volume contains essays of central theoretical
importance in its subject area and the series as a whole makes available an extensive range of
valuable material of considerable interest to those involved in research, teaching and the study
of law.
The rapid growth of theoretically interesting scholarly work in law has created a
demand for a second series which includes more recent publications of note and earlier essays
to which renewed attention is being given. It also affords the opportunity to extend the areas
of law covered in the first series.
The new series follows the successful pattern of reproducing entire essays with the
original page numbers as an aid to comprehensive research and accurate referencing. Editors
have selected not only the most influential essays but also those which they consider to be of
greatest continuing importance. The objective of the second series is to enlarge the scope of
the library, include significant recent work and reflect a variety of editorial perspectives.
Each volume is edited by an expert in the specific area who makes the selection on the
basis of the quality, influence and significance of the essays, taking care to include essays
which are not readily available. Each volume contains a substantial introduction explaining
the context and significance of the essays selected.
I am most grateful for the care which volume editors have taken in carrying out the
complex task of selecting and presenting essays which meet the exacting criteria set for the
series.
TOM CAMPBELL
Series Editor
Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics
Charles Sturt University