Medical Insects and Arachnids PDF
Preview Medical Insects and Arachnids
MEDICAL INSECTS A ND ARACHNIDS THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM M E D I C AL INSECTS A ND A R A C H N I DS Edited by RICHARD P. LANE and ROGER W. CROSSKEY Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum (British Museum (Natural History)) London, UK m SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. First edition 1993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typeset in 10/12pt Palatino by Expo Holding, Malaysia ISBN 978-94-010-4679-4 ISBN 978-94-011-1554-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1554-4 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available The use of the term 'man' is not indicative of a specific gender and should be taken to refer to both men and women throughout. Contents Contributors xi Preface xiii 1 General introduction 1 R. P. Lane and R. W. Crosskey Classification and nomenclature 1 Species and species complexes 12 Distribution and zoogeographical regions 16 Vectors and vector status 19 Collection, storage and handling of specimens 23 References 27 2 Introduction to the arthropods 30 R. P. Lane Structure 30 Classification 32 The principal arthropod groups 33 Further reading 46 Part One Diptera 49 3 Introduction to the Diptera 51 R. W. Crosskey Morphology 52 Taxonomy 63 Biology 72 References 75 4 SandfLies (Phlebotominae) 78 R. P. Lane Recognition and elements of structure 79 Classification and identification 89 Biology 100 Medical importance 103 Control 107 vi Contents Collecting, preserving and rearing material 111 References 113 5 Mosquitoes (Culicidae) 120 M. W. Service Recognition and elements of structure 121 Classification and identification 139 Biology 173 Medical importance 196 Control 208 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 216 References 221 6 BlackfLies (Simuliidae) 241 R. W. Crosskey Recognition and elements of structure 242 Classification and identification 249 Biology 259 Medical importance 267 Control 277 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 279 References 282 7 Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) 288 John Boorman Recognition and elements of structure 290 Classification and identification 294 Biology 298 Medical importance 299 Control 302 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 303 References 304 8 Horse-flies, deer-flies and clegs (Tabanidae) 310 John E. Chainey Recognition and elements of structure 310 Classification and identification 316 Biology 323 Medical importance 325 Control 327 Contents vii Collecting, preserving and rearing material 327 References 328 9 Tsetse-flies (Glossinidae) 333 A. M. Jordan Recognition and elements of structure 334 Classification and identification 340 Biology 365 Medical importance 372 Control 379 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 381 References 382 10 Stable-flies and horn-flies (bloodsucking Muscidae) 389 R. w. Crosskey Recognition and elements of structure 389 Classification and identification 391 Biology 396 Medical importance 398 Control 399 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 400 References 400 11 House-flies, blow-flies and their allies (calyptrate Diptera) 403 R. W. Crosskey and R. P. Lane Recognition of calyptrates and elements of structure 403 Identification of medically important calyptrate flies 407 Biology of synanthropic flies 419 Medical importance of adult calyptrate flies 423 Control 425 References 426 12 Diptera causing myiasis in man 429 Martin J. R. Hall and Kenneth G. V. Smith Recognition and elements of structure 430 Review of dipterous families associated with human myiasis 431 Maggot therapy 459 Control 459 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 462 References 464 Contents Vlll Part Two Other insects 471 13 Cockroaches (Blattaria) 473 N. R. H. Burgess Recognition and elements of structure 473 Classification and identification 474 Biology 479 Medical importance 480 Control 481 References 482 14 Bedbugs and kissing-bugs (bloodsucking Hemiptera) 483 C. J. Schofield and W. R. Dolling Recognition and elements of structure 484 Classification and identification 485 Biology of the Triatominae 502 Medical importance 506 Control 508 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 509 References 510 15 Lice (Anoplura) 517 Joanna Ibarra Recognition and elements of structure 518 Biology 521 Medical importance 523 Control 525 References 527 16 Fleas (Siphonaptera) 529 Robert E. Lewis Recognition and elements of structure 529 Classification and identification 534 Biology 555 Medical importance 557 Control 568 Collecting, preserving and rearing material 569 References 570 17 Insects of minor medical importance 576 Kenneth G. V. Smith Diptera 576 Hymenoptera 581 Contents ix Coleoptera 583 Lepidoptera 585 Thysanoptera (thrips) 588 Incidental insects 589 Insects and hygiene 589 References 589 Part Three Arachnids 595 18 Ticks and mites (Acari) 597 M. R. G. Varma Recognition, structure and classification of the Acari 597 Review of the suborder Ixodida (ticks) 600 Biology of ticks 616 Medical importance of ticks 623 Introduction to mites: recognition and structure 631 Classification and identification of mites 632 Biology and medical importance of mites 634 Control of ticks and mites 648 Collecting, preserving and rearing material of ticks and mites 649 References 654 19 Spiders and scorpions (Araneae and Scorpiones) 659 J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson Recognition and elements of structure 660 Classification and identification 666 Biology 670 Medical importance 672 Control 678 Collecting and preserving material 679 References 680 Scientific names index 683 Subject index 706 Contributors Mr John Boorman 6 Beckingham Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 6BN Dr N. R. H. Burgess Department of Military Entomology, Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, London SW1P 4RJ Mr John E. Chainey Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Professor J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson Department of Biology, Medawar Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT Dr R. W. Crosskey Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Mr W. R. Dolling Brook Farmhouse, Elstronwick, Hull HU12 9BP Dr Martin J. R. Hall Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Mrs Joanna Ibarra Community Hygiene Concern, 32 Crane Avenue, Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 7JL Dr A. M. Jordan Tsetse Research Laboratory, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS18 7DU xii Contributors DrR. P. Lane Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Professor Robert E. Lewis Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Dr C. J. Schofield 7 rue Maclonay, Pregnin, St. Genis -Pouilly, 01630 France Professor M. W. Service Vector Biology and Control Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA Mr Kenneth G. V. Smith 70 Hollick Wood Avenue, London N12 OLT Professor M. G. R. Varma c/o Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT
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