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Health Informatics Alain Venot Anita Burgun Catherine Quantin Editors Medical Informatics, e-Health Fundamentals and Applications Health Informatics For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/1114 ThiS is a FM Blank Page Alain Venot • Anita Burgun • Catherine Quantin Editors Medical Informatics, e-Health Fundamentals and Applications Editors Alain Venot Anita Burgun Universite´ Paris 13 Universite´ Paris 5 Paris Paris France France Catherine Quantin Universite´ de Bourgogne Dijon France ISSN 1431-1917 ISBN 978-2-8178-0477-4 ISBN 978-2-8178-0478-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-2-8178-0478-1 Springer Paris Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013948360 Translation from the French language edition ‘Champs Informatique Me´dicale, e-Sante´ – Fondements et applications’ sous la direction de Alain Venot, avec la collaboration de Anita Burgun et Catherine Quantin, © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2013; ISBN: 978-2-8178-0337-1 © Springer-Verlag France 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Dedicated to François Gre´my, successively Professor of Medical Informatics at the universities of Paris and Montpellier. As the first chairman and moderator of IFIP- TC4, François Gre´my is widely held to be the first president of its renamed and refocused successor, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). He played a major role in the development of medical informatics, particularly in France, and he received the first IMIA Medical Informatics Award of Excellence in 2004. ThiS is a FM Blank Page Preface Medical informatics has matured into a true scientific discipline, with its own international conferences, journals, exhibitions, research laboratories, calls for proposals for national and international research funding, and master’s courses for the training of students. Both basic and applied aspects are taught, not only in all areas of health (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, health and social sciences, nursing, public health) but also in many other domains, including life sciences, engineering and economics. Medical informatics is a complex and rapidly changing discipline. Few books are published in this domain, and they rapidly become obsolete. This book is the fruit of collaboration between several authors, all of whom teach medical informatics in France and perform research in this field. It contains 18 chapters, all of which include learning objectives, recommendations for further reading and information retrieval, exercises and bibliographic references. Chapter 1 presents the main areas of medical informatics and links to other scientific domains, such as computer sciences, biostatistics, biomedical engineering and public health. Key scientific societies, journals, conferences and exhibitions are listed. Chapter 2 focuses on the broad terminological resources developed for health. These resources are an essential tool for the normalisation of concept expression and for information coding in health, both these operations being prerequisites to the use of health information. Chapter 3 presents the various types of knowledge resources available in the domain of health, the principles underlying their indexing, the means developed for accessing these documents and quality criteria for health information. Chapter 4 deals with the representation of patient data in health information systems. The problems posed by the computerisation of patient records are analysed, and ways of structuring and standardising data are presented. In Chapters 5 and 6, the reader is introduced to the principles of medical image processing and analysis. These chapters provide an understanding of the ways in vii viii Preface which these methods and techniques can improve interventions, providing surgeons with the possibility of using robots and achieving higher-quality care. Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10 concern individual and collective decision support. They provide the reader with an understanding of the theoretical foundations underlying computerised decision-making methods for diagnosis and treatment. Medical economic aspects of decision-making are presented to illustrate the way in which information systems have led to sophisticated methods for pricing activities in hospitals. The various methods and tools facilitating decision-making in the field of public health are explained to the reader. Chapter 11 deals with the respect of ethical and legal aspects during the collection, archiving and processing of health data, particularly in Europe. Methods for securing records and information exchanges are presented. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 deal with the principal applications of medical informatics, such as the development of hospital information systems, shared medical records and the computerisation of medical and dental offices. The concept of e-health is presented, together with telemedicine and telehealth, including teleservices for everyday life and social welfare. Chapter 17 explains how medical informatics can facilitate research, whether basic or clinical, in the domains of epidemiology and public health. Finally, Chapter 18 highlights the role of human factors and ergonomics in the applications of medical informatics. This book is designed to be a study tool. It contains many international comparisons of developments and actions in the field. The writing of this book was supported by the French College of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Teachers, presided by Prof. Pascal Roy (Lyon 1 University). Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France Prof. Alain Venot Paris 5 University, Paris, France Prof. Anita Burgun Burgundy University, Dijon, France Prof. Catherine Quantin Contents 1 Medical Informatics as a Scientific Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A. Venot, A. Burgun, S. Despre´s, and P. Degoulet 2 Medical Vocabulary, Terminological Resources and Information Coding in the Health Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 C. Duclos, A. Burgun, J.B. Lamy, P. Landais, J.M. Rodrigues, L. Soualmia, and P. Zweigenbaum 3 Management and Dissemination of Health Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . 43 A. Venot, J. Charlet, S. Darmoni, C. Duclos, J.C. Dufour, and L. Soualmia 4 Representation of Patient Data in Health Information Systems and Electronic Health Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 M. Cuggia, P. Avillach, and C. Daniel 5 The Processing of Medical Images: Principles, Main Applications and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 L. Legrand 6 Enhanced Medical Intervention: Surgetics and Robotics . . . . . . . . 117 A. Moreau-Gaudry and P. Cinquin 7 Medical Diagnostic Decision Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 B. Se´roussi, P. Le Beux, and A. Venot 8 Computerized Drug Prescription Decision Support . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 B. Se´roussi, J. Bouaud, C. Duclos, J.C. Dufour, and A. Venot 9 Computerized Medico-Economic Decision Making: An International Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 P. Landais, T. Boudemaghe, C. Suehs, G. Dedet, and C. Lebihan-Benjamin 10 Public Health Decision Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 C. Jacquelinet, I. Belhadj, F. Bayer, E. Sauleau, P. Le´vy, and H. Chaudet ix