Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5762 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen UniversityofDortmund,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany Guang-ZhongYang David Hawkes Daniel Rueckert Alison Noble Chris Taylor (Eds.) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009 12th International Conference London, UK, September 20-24, 2009 Proceedings, Part II 1 3 VolumeEditors Guang-ZhongYang ImperialCollegeLondon,InstituteofBiomedicalEngineering London,UK E-mail:[email protected] DavidHawkes UniversityCollegeLondon,CentreforMedicalImageComputing London,UK E-mail:[email protected] DanielRueckert ImperialCollegeLondon,DepartmentofComputing London,UK E-mail:[email protected] AlisonNoble UniversityofOxford,InstituteofBiomedicalEngineering Oxford,UK E-mail:[email protected] ChrisTaylor UniversityofManchester,SchoolofComputerScience Manchester,UK E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009934167 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.5,I.2.10,I.2.9,J.3,J.6,I.4,K.4.1 LNCSSublibrary:SL6–ImageProcessing,ComputerVision,PatternRecognition, andGraphics ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-642-04270-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-642-04270-6SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:12757428 06/3180 543210 Preface The12thInternationalConferenceonMedicalImageComputingandComputer- Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2009, was held in London, England at Imperial College during September 20–24, 2009. The venue was situated in one of Lon- don’sfinestlocations,adjacentto landmarkssuchasThe RoyalAlbertHalland theScience,NaturalHistoryandVictoriaandAlbertMuseums,withHydePark just a short walk away. Over the last decade, the MICCAI conferences have become a premier in- ternational event, with papers of very high standard addressing the multidis- ciplinary fields of biomedical image computing, computer-assisted intervention and medical robotics. The conference has attracted annually leading scientists, engineers and clinicians from a wide range of disciplines. This year, we received a record submission of 804 papers from 36 differ- ent countries worldwide. These covered medical image computing (functional and diffusion image analysis, segmentation, physical and functional modelling, shape analysis,atlasesand statisticalmodels,registration,data fusion andmul- tiscaleanalysis),computer-assistedinterventionsandrobotics(planningandim- ageguidanceofinterventions,simulationandtrainingsystems,clinicalplatforms, visualization and feedback, robotics and human–robot interaction), and clinical imagingandbiomarkers(computer-aideddiagnosis,organ/systemspecificappli- cations, molecular and optical imaging and imaging biomarkers). Acareful,systematicreviewprocesswasputinplacetoensurethebestpossi- bleprogramforMICCAI2009.TheProgramCommittee(PC)ofthe conference was composed of 39 members, each with recognized international reputation in themaintopicscoveredbytheconference.Eachoneofthe804submittedpapers was assigned to two PC members (a Primary and a Secondary). At least three external reviewers (outside the PC) were assigned to each paper according to their expertise. These external reviewers provided double-blind reviews of the papers, including those submitted by the conference organizers. All reviewers, except a handful who provided last minute “emergency” reviews, refereed be- tween8and10paperseach,givingeachreviewerareasonablesampleforranking the relative quality of the papers. Authors were given the opportunity to rebut the anonymous reviews. Then, each PC member graded (typically 20) papers as primary based on the external reviews, the rebuttal and his/her own reading of the papers. In addition he/she provided input, as Secondary PC, to typically 20 more papers assignedtovariousPrimaryPCs.Insummary,eachpaperwasgradedbytwoPC members and three externalreviewers(i.e., by five assessors).During a two-day PC meeting involving the PC members held during May 17–18, 2009, papers were selected in a three-stage process: VI Preface – Firststage:initialacceptanceofthosepapersrankedveryhighandrejection ofthosepapersrankedverylow.Eightgroupswereformed,eachcomprising fourorfivePCmembers.Thegroupsconsideredacceptanceofthe topthree papersfromeachPCmemberandrejectionofthebottomeight.Anypapers in doubt were transferred to the second stage. – Secondstage:the samegroupsofPC members rankedthe remaining papers andacceptedbetween9 and18of the highestrankingpapers per groupand rejected between 18 and 32 of the lowest ranking papers. – Thirdstage:adifferentsetofgroupswereformedandassignedtheremaining undecided papers to the “accept” or “reject” category through an iterative process. In all, we accepted 259 papers (32%) to be included in the proceedings of MICCAI2009.Ofthese,43wereselectedforpodiumpresentation(5%)and216 for poster presentation at the conference (27%). The review process was developed from that used in previous MICCAI con- ferences. In particular we are grateful to Rasmus Larsen for his input on the statistical basis for the protocol. Eachstep of the process ensured that, for ran- dom selections of papers to PC members, the probability of correctly assigning rejections and acceptances was at least 95%. With the combined skill and ex- pertise of the PC, we are confident that it exceeded this figure and that we ran a robustsystem. Acceptance of papers at MICCAI is a competitive process and with such a strong submission rate it is inevitable that many good papers were not able to be included in the final program and we understand the frustration of authors. We too have had many papers rejected. We congratulate those who had papers accepted and encourage those who did not to persevere and submit again next year. We wishto thank the reviewersandthe PC forgivingup theirprecioustime ensuring the high quality of reviews and paper selection. These tasks are time consumingandrequireskillandgoodjudgment,representinga significanteffort by all. The continued improvement in the quality of the conference is entirely dependent on this tremendous effort. We particularly wish to thank James Stewart of precisionconference.com for the efficient organization of the website and rapid response to any queries and requests for changes, many of them totally unreasonable and at a very short notice. One highlight of MICCAI 2009 was the workshops and tutorials organized before and after the main conference. We had a record number of submissions which resulted in a very exciting, diverse and high-quality program. The work- shops provided a comprehensive coverageon topics that were not fully explored duringthemainconference,including“grandchallenges,”andsomeemergingar- easofMICCAI,whereasthe tutorialsprovidededucationalmaterialfortraining new professionalsin the field including students, clinicians and new researchers. We are grateful to all workshop and tutorial organizers for making these events a great success. Preface VII We would also like to thank our two invited keynote speakers, Sir Michael Brady, University of Oxford, UK, and Koji Ikuta, Nagoya University, Japan. Their presentations on “Oncological Image Analysis” and “Nano and Micro Robotics for Future Biomedicine” were both inspiring and entertaining. The conference would not be possible without the commitment and hard work of the local organizing team. In particular, we thank our Associate Edi- tors Adrian Chung and Su-Lin Lee for their help in working with all authors in improving the final manuscript, and Dominique Drai, Ron Gaston, Thomy Merzanidou, Christiana Christodoulou, Karim Lekadir, Felipe Orihuela-Espina, Lichao Wang, Fani Deligianni, and Dong Ping Zhang for checking the original submissions and for assisting in the compilation of the proceedings. WearegratefultoFerdinandoRodriguezyBaenaforcoordinatingthecorpo- rate sponsorship and industrial/academic exhibitions, Dan Elson and Fernando Bello for coordinating MICCAI workshops and tutorials, Eddie Edwards for managing the conference registration and social events, and Raphaele Raupp for assisting with all the conference logistics. We also thank Robert Merrifield for his kind help in graphics design and George Mylonas for his huge effort in designingandimplementing the hardware/softwareplatformsforthe conference e-Teaser sessions. WeareextremelygratefultoBettyYue,UlrikaWernmarkandtheirteamfor their tireless effort in managing all aspects of the conference organization—itis throughtheireffortthatwemanagedtohaveaseamlesseventonabusycampus where many dedicated facilities including the fully equipped poster hall had to beinstalledspeciallyfortheconference.WealsothankallthesessionChairsand Co-chairsinmanagingandcoordinatingthepresentationsduringtheconference. We would also like to thank the MICCAI Society for providing valuable input and support to the conference, especially Guido Gerig for coordinating the MICCAI Young Scientist Awards and Richard Robb for coordinating the Best Paper Awards. Last but not least, we would like to thank all our sponsors for their kind support, particularly in this most difficult economic climate. Their generosity ensured the highest quality of the conference and essential support to students and young researchers. It was our pleasure to welcome the MICCAI 2009 attendees to London. In addition to attending the workshop, we trust that the attendees also took the opportunity to explore the rich culture and history of the city. We look forward to meeting you again at MICCAI 2010 in Beijing, China. September 2009 Guang-Zhong Yang David Hawkes Daniel Rueckert Alison Noble Chris Taylor VIII Preface Organization General Chairs Guang-Zhong Yang Imperial College London, UK Program Co-chairs David Hawkes University College London, UK Daniel Rueckert Imperial College London, UK Guang-Zhong Yang Imperial College London, UK Workshop Chair and Co-chairs Alison Noble (Chair) University of Oxford, UK Nobuhiko Hata Harvard University, USA Xavier Pennec INRIA, France Tutorial Chair and Co-chairs Chris Taylor (Chair) University of Manchester, UK Hongen Liao University of Tokyo, Japan Frederik Maes KU Leuven, Belgium Associate Editors Adrian Chung Imperial College London, UK Su-Lin Lee Imperial College London, UK Coordinator for MICCAI Young Scientist Awards Guido Gerig University of Utah, USA Coordinator for Best Paper Awards Richard Robb Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota, USA X Organization Program Committee Christian Barillot IRISA, France Wolfgang Birkfellner University of Vienna, Austria Ela Claridge University of Birmingham, UK Tim Cootes University of Manchester, UK Randy Ellis Queen’s University, Canada Gabor Fichtinger Queen’s University, Canada Jim Gee University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Guido Gerig University of Utah, USA Polina Golland Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Tianzi Jiang Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Leo Joskowicz Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Rasmus Larsen Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Cristian Lorenz Philips Research Labs, Germany Frederik Maes University of Leuven, Belgium Kensaku Mori Nagoya University, Japan Nassir Navab Technical University of Munich, Germany Mads Nielsen University of Copenhagen, Denmark Poul Nielsen University of Auckland, New Zealand Wiro Niessen Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands Sebastien Ourselin University College London, UK Xavier Pennec INRIA, France Graeme Penney King’s College London, UK Franjo Pernus University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Terry Peters Robarts Research Institute, Canada Ichiro Sakuma University of Tokyo, Japan Tim Salcudean University of British Columbia, Canada Yoshinobu Sato University of Osaka, Japan Julia Schnabel University of Oxford, UK Dinggang Shen University of North Carolina, USA Gabor Szekely ETH Zurich, Switzerland Russell Taylor John Hopkins University, USA Jocelyne Troccaz CNRS, France Max Viergever University of Utrecht, The Netherlands Simon Warfield Harvard University, USA Sandy Wells Harvard University, USA Carl-Frederik Westin Harvard University, USA Chenyang Xu Siemens Corporate Research, USA Organization XI Local Organizing Committee Ferdinando Rodriguez y Baena Imperial College London, UK Fernando Bello Imperial College London, UK Brian Davies Imperial College London, UK Eddie Edwards Imperial College London, UK Daniel Elson Imperial College London, UK David Firmin Imperial College London, UK Andrew Todd-Pokropek University College London, UK Ulrika Wernmark Imperial College London, UK Betty Yue Imperial College London, UK Reviewers Abolmaesumi, Purang Boctor, Emad Abugharbieh, Rafeef Bouix, Sylvain Alexander, Daniel Boukerroui, Djamal Aljabar, Paul Bourgeat, Pierrick Alvino, Christopher Brady, Mike Amini, Amir Bromiley, Paul An, Jungha Buelow, Thomas Angelini, Elsa Bullitt, Elizabeth Arridge, Simon R. Ashburner, John Camara, Oscar Astley, Sue Camp, Jon Atkinson, David Cattin, Philippe C. Awate, Suyash Chakravarty,M. Mallar Axel, Leon Chou, Yiyu Aylward, Stephen Christensen, Gary Chung, Adrian Babalola, Kolawole Chung, Albert C. S. Barratt, Dean Cinquin, Philippe Batchelor, Philip Clark, Chris Baumann, Michael Colchester, Alan Bazin, Pierre-Louis Collins, D. Louis Beckmann, Christian Colliot, Olivier Beichel, Reinhard Comaniciu, Dorin Bello, Fernando Commowick, Olivier Berger, Marie-Odile Cook, Philip Betke, Margrit Coulon, Olivier Bhalerao, Abhir Crozier, Stuart Bhotika, Rahul Crum, William Bischof, Horst Blezek, Daniel Dam, Erik Bloch, Isabelle Darvann, Tron