medical aspects of the chernobyl accident

363 Pages·2001·10.35 MB·English

IAEA-TECDOC-516
MEDICAL ASPECTS
EOCHTFH ERNOBYL ACCIDENT
PROCEEDINN GAA FSOL L-UNION CONFERENCE
ORGANIZED BY THE
USSR MINISTRY OF HEALTH
AND THE
ALL-UNION SCIENTIFIC CENTRE OF RADIATION MEDICINE,
USSR ACADEMYF OM EDICAL SCIENCES,
AND HELN DKI IEV, 11-1Y 1A3M9 88
ATECHNICAL DOCUMENETH ITSS YUBED
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1989
PLEASE BE AWARE THAT
ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT
WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
IAEA, VIENNA, 1989
IAEA-TECDOC-516
ISSN 1011-4289
Printed by the IAEA in Austria
July 1988
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FOREWORD
On 26 April 1986, an accident occurred at Unit 4 of Chernobyl nuclear power plant resulting in
the destruction of the reactor core. The causes of the accident as well as its consequences and impact
mitigation are the focus of attention of Soviet specialists in radiation protection, nuclear engineering,
radiation medicin dnieao nizing radiation dosimetry.
Informatios apwnr esentedt as pecial meetings he ehItl Aydb EA which have intensifies dtiw ork
on radiation standardization and medical intervention planning for nuclear accidents. The Chernobyl
accident and its consequences are a matter of interest for research workers from many countries.
National commn irttaoedei sation prote egcritviaoinn g speciae ql huaetttset f nimoootineto dsn i-
l aacssie sihtnatjn uocrtee d durina gr adiatioe ndh etav coectlio ddpenmnatef , oinnt formadtnioan
radiation control systems. Throughout the world, considerabled efforts are being made to solve the
problemf osf urther developmenf otn uclear engineering.
y 1a9Me 8A h83ti1, l- FoUtr no1i1mo n Scientific Centf rRoe adiation Medicine convenea dC on-
ference on Medical Aspects of the Chernobyl Accident in Kiev. This was the first conference on this
subject with international participation held in the Soviet Union. There were 310 specialists represent-
ing Soviet scientific establishments and over 60 experts from 23 other countries and international
organizations (IAEA, WHO, ICRP) participated in the Conference. The Conference was widely publi-
cizee htdm yb ass media n.I all, 68 Sovi 6e3 dfntao reign journalists, radV iT ocdna orrespondents,
including those representing leading scientific journals, were accredited to the Conference.
Participants at the Conference discussed medical aspects of accident mitigation, including ther-
apeutic, psychological, demographic, epidemiological and dosimetric problems. Future research on
these and some other issues was considered in detail.
Participants were given the opportunity to visit the Chernobyl site and the town of Slavutich, and
t ega octquainted wie thhwt orf kos ome specialized medical establishment nsiK iev.
These Proceedings include 29 reports presented by Soviet scientists during the four sessions as
wels las ummarief sod iscussiond nsoa pening address. rMeE ysb .I. Chazov, Ministe froP ublic Health
e ht foSoviet Union,. H .rM Blix, Director General eht fo International Atomic Energy Agency,dna
Mr. V.A. Zgurskij, Chairman of the Executive Committee at the Kiev City Soviet of People's
Deputies.
EDITORIAL NOTE
In preparing this matee phrtir areolf ss, staff e ohItnf ternational Atomic Energy Agency have
mounted and paginated the original manuscripts as submitted directly from translators in the Soviet
Union.
Tfie views expe rpheats psnee eisdhr ttsa, temente sgh etm ndaendraae l style eahdto eprtead
responsibility of the named authors. The views do not necessarily reflect those of the government
of the Member State or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced.
Then i esu this book of particular designations of countriesr o territories doest on implyyna
judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their
autho dre iindthnieasetlts i ifmtouitt iarotonf iotos hn eir boundaries.
The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any
endorsementr o recommendatione ht no parte ht fo IAEA.
Aue ttrhhaoerms selves responr soiobfblte ae innheitncge ssary permisso iroten produce
copyright material from other sources.
CONTENTS
Opening Speech ................................................................................................. 9
E.I. Chazov
eAPhdatdr e trCoihecotstipns affenortes nce .....................................................3..1.... .
H. Blix
Address to the Participants of the Conference ............................................................ 19
V.A. Zgurskij
GENERAL ASPEF CHOTESA LTH PROT EEEHVCTFETNO INOT IN
A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
Medical and sanitary measures taken to deal with the consequences of the
Chernobyl accident .......................................................................................... 23
G. V. Sergeev
Sanitary and health measures taken to deal with the consequences of the
Chernobyl accident .......................................................................................... 39
A. I. Kondrusev
The Chernobyl experience in the context of contemporary radiation protection problems ....... 47
LA. II'in
Protection of health during a large scale accident ........................................................ 65
A.E. Romanenko
RADIATION ENVIRONMENT AND RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
Theory and practice of establishing radiation standards before and after the
Chernobyl accident ......................................................................................1.8...
L.A. Buldakov, G.M. Avetisov, M.I. Balonov, Yu.O. Konstantinov
Radioactive contamination of water ecosystems and sources of drinking water .................... 91
. ALLikhtarev, R.M. Barkhudarov, O.A. Bobyleva, V.A. Knizhnikov, V.A. Logachev,
P.V. Ramzaev, M.N. Savkin, G.V. Sergeev
Intake of radionuclides through food chains as a factor in the exposure of the
Soviet population after the Chernobyl accident ........................................................ 101
V.A. Knizhnikov, R.M. Barkhudarov, G.Ya. Bruk, A.P. Ermalitskij, A.I. Kondrusev,
I.P. Los', N.Ya. Novikova, Eh.V. Petukhova, A.V. Pechkurov, O.G. Pol'skij,
I.G. Travnikova, V.N. Shutov, V.P. Filonov
Charactef rrioastdiico snuclidey iinnbhtaakl aetion ........................................7...1...1....... .
V.T. Khrushch, Yu.I. Gavrilin, Yu.O. Konstantinov, O.A. Kochetkov, U.Ya. Margulis,
V.l. Popov, V.S. Repin, V.V. Chumak
Sanitary-dosimetric monitoring of food products ......................................................... 133
V.N. Bur'yak, N.Ya. Novikova, Z.A. Khulap, A.I. Tsvirbut
Radiation monitoring of various objects as part of the Chernobyl accident management
programme .............................................................................................9..3.1... .
O.A. Kochetkov, D.S. Gol'dshtejn, O.P. Osanov
Personnel protection during a reactor accident ............................................................ 145
V. S. Koshcheev, A. S. Korostin, S.P. Rajkhman
Protective measures to reduce population exposure doses and effectiveness of these
measures .....................................................................................................15.1.
G.M. Avetisov, R.M. Aleksakhin, V.P. Antonov, L.A. Buldakov, K.I. Gordeev,
E.V. Ivanov, L.A. IVin, A.I. Kondrusev, A.N. Liberman, G.S. Perminova,
V.M. Samojlenko
Discussion
G. .A Zubovskij ...............................................................................................561
. /Waddingion: Briefe oshnun gtmroei mlif anoOoatgirot y Hpn roWgra mfome
the public health aspects of nuclear accidents and the Chernobyl follow-up ................. 165
G.W. Anderson, E.D. Rubery ............................................................................. 168
DOSF EEOSX TERND INANALT ERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE
Methodological principles rof calculating levels fo externad lna internal exposureeht fo
population used in taking strategic decisions ........................................................... 171
R.M. Barkhudarov, K.I. Gordeev, I.K. Dibobes, I.A. Likhtarev, U.Ya. Margulis,
O.P. Osanov, O.A. Pavlovskij, B.S. Prister, M.N. Savkin, V.P. Shamov
Dynamicf so gamma radiation leved lnsaf ormatiof no external exposure dose .................3.8.1.
V.A. Logachev, I.P. Los', V.I. Parkhomenko, M.N. Savkin, A.V. Titov
Monitoring of internal exposure of the population in regions close to the Chernobyl
nuclear power plant ......................................................................................... 195
I.A. Gusev, I.A. Likhtarev, E.I. Dolgirev, I.G. Zhakov, B.A. Ledoshchuk,
.VR .Pamzaev
Methor ordfes trospective determinatif ooan bsorbed e dhhotu snmeis an body resulting
from external and internal exposure ..................................................................... 203
M.I. Balonov, I.B. Keirim-Markus, U.Ya. Margulis, O.P. Osanov
Long term prognosf iosi ndividd uncaaol llective exposure de ohptso eotps ulation ..........7.1.2..
O.A. Pavlovskij
Discussion
A. J. Gonzalez ................................................................................................. 229
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS
Acute f erfoafedcita stion exposure foe Cllhohwetrinno gbyl accident: immediate rfesoult s
radiation sicknd enosasu tcom foet reatment .......................................................3.3.2..
A.K. Gus'kova, N.M. Nadezhina, A.V. Barabanova, A.E. Baranov, I.A. Gusev,
T.G. Protasova, V.B. Boguslavskij, V.N. Pokrovskaya
Transplantatif oobn one marro nwvie ihCctthi mfeors nobyl accident .........................7.5..2..
A.E. Baranov
Rehabilitat fioovni ctif moacs ute radiation sickness ...............................................7..6.2.. .
V.G. Bebeshko, B.P. Prevarskij, I.G. Khalyavko, I.V. Shimelis, D.A. Belyj
Problemsf o evaluating public health aften ra accidena ttan uclear power plant .................37.2
O.A. Pyatak, E.M. Luk'yanova, V.N. Bugaev, V.P. Nedel'ko, A.E. Prisyazhnyuk,
P.I. Burenin, V.E. Dashkevich, G.A. Zubovskij, L.I. Ivanyuta, A.G. Kolomijtseva,
S.M. Makeev, A.A. Yakovlev
Pseuchoneurotic disorders associated with the Chernobyl accident ................................... 283
Yu. A. Aleksandrovskij
State of the pituitary and thyroid system in children at various times after exposure
to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident .................................................... 293
E.A. Benikova, E.V. Bol's .hAZovLvoan ,ova, G.A. Zubovskij, F.F. Markov,
E.G. Matvienko, N.G. Makhon'kova, V.A. Olejnik, N.T. Starkova, N.F. Tarasov,
N.D. Tron'ko, A.K. Cheban, E.V. Epshtejn
Medical care during the radiation accident (137Cs) in Brazil, 1987 ................................... 299
G.D. Selidovkin
Discussion
P.V. Ramzaev .......................................................................................9...0..3... .
C.E. Brandâo-Mello: Medical aspects of the Goiânia accident ..................................... 310
T. Sharma:d lSonhnaogr tterm cytogd egnneenateic t eipcho tsptu ufldaoiteios n
after the Chernobyl accident ...........................................................................311
POPULATION STUDIES, PUBLIC HEALT DANHAL L-UNION REGISTER
Medical demographic consee qChuhtene frconeos byl accident .......................................315
N.I. Omel'yanets, G.I. Miretskij, M.M. Saurov, F.F. Torbin
Organizational, methodological and information aspects of the mass individual dosimetric
surveys n cciao rtnrutiaoemd inated areas followe Chinthg ernobyl accident .............7.2..3.. .
A.F. Tsyb, F.F. Stepanenko, V.A. Pitkevich, E.A. Ispenkov, V.K. Ivanov,
E.G. Matveenko, M.A. Maksyutov, O.G. Pol'skij, R.N. Turaev, A.E. Romanenko,
N.I. Omel'yanets, B.A. Ledoshchuk
Data as byraosstfee ms analytical approao cstht udye mihnteg dical eahspt efcots
Chernobyl accident .......................................................................................... 333
/./. Linge, K.K. Dushu .tGiZnLa, jtseva, L.N. Kovgan, S.G. Labuzov, A.A. Nigiyan,
F.F. Khokhlov
Prepn aAarai ltf-iooUn nion distribution regisf topeer rsons e eexhfptffeo ocostets d
radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident, with a view to evaluating exposure
doses and making a long term public health forecast ................................................ 345
A.F. Tsyb, A.N. Dedenkov, V.K. Ivanov, F.F. Stepanenko, F.F. Pozhidaev,
V.A. Pitkevich, E.G. Matveenko, E.A. Ispenkov, O.E. Stadnik, O.G. Pol'skij,
R.N. Turaev, A.E. Romanenko, N.I. Omel'yanets, B.A. Ledoshchuk, A.S. Sytnik,
V.N. Bur'yak, V.A. Stezhko, G.A. Losev, P.V. Ramzaev, M.I. Balonov,
Yu.O. Konstantinov
Organizd pantliaaonn nf iwongo rk eilnhovntog ln vtieedr m clinical observaftioon
children with a high radiation risk ....................................................................... 351
V.N. Bugaev, E.I. Bomko, E.M. Bruslova, A.I. Avramenko, L.A. Buldakov, N.F. Rubel'
Discussion
S. P. Yarmonenko ............................................................................................ 365
Statemey nbPt articipants ..................................................................................7.6.3..
Concluding Speech .........................................................................................9.6.3..
A.E. Ramanenko
Organizing Committee ......................................................................................... 373
Lf iosSt oviet Participants .................................................................................7.7.3..
Lif soFt oreign Participants ...............................................................................1.8.3..