Mediaeval commentaries on the "Sentences" of Peter Lombard, Volume 3

570 Pages·2015·7.913 MB·English

by  Philipp W. Rosemann (editor)

Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard
Mediaeval Commentaries on the
Sentences of Peter Lombard
Volume 3
Edited by
Philipp W. Rosemann
LEIDEN | BOSTON
isbn 978-90-04-21184-1 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-28304-6 (e-book)
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Contents
List of Figures  vii
Abbreviations  ix
Introduction: Three Avenues for Studying the Tradition
of the Sentences  1
Philipp W. Rosemann
1 Filiae Magistri: Peter Lombard’s Sentences and Medieval Theological
Education “On the Ground”  26
Franklin T. Harkins
2 Les listes des opiniones Magistri Sententiarum quae communiter
non tenentur: forme et usage dans la lectio des Sentences  79
Claire Angotti
3 Henry of Gorkum’s Conclusiones Super IV Libros Sententiarum:
Studying the Lombard in the First Decades of the
Fifteenth Century  145
John T. Slotemaker
4 The Past, Present, and Future of Late Medieval Theology:
The Commentary on the Sentences by Nicholas of Dinkelsbühl,
Vienna, ca. 1400  174
Monica Brinzei and Chris Schabel
5 Easy-Going Scholars Lecturing Secundum Alium? Notes on
Some French Franciscan Sentences Commentaries of the
Fifteenth Century  267
Ueli Zahnd
6 The Concept of Beatific Enjoyment (Fruitio Beatifica) in the
Sentences Commentaries of Some Pre-Reformation Erfurt
Theologians  315
Severin V. Kitanov
vi Contents
7 John Major’s (Mair’s) Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard:
Scholastic Philosophy and Theology in the Early Sixteenth
Century  369
Severin V. Kitanov, John T. Slotemaker, and Jeffrey C. Witt
8 The Sentences in Sixteenth-Century Iberian Scholasticism  416
Lidia Lanza and Marco Toste
9 Texts, Media, and Re-Mediation: The Digital Future of the Sentences
Commentary Tradition  504
Jeffrey C. Witt
Bibliography  517
Figures  533
Index of Manuscripts  546
Index of Names  552
List of Figures
1 Abridgment of Book i, dist. 3, chaps. 1 and 2 in the Filia Magistri
preserved in ms. Manchester, John Rylands Library, Latin 203,
fol. 78v.   533
2 Abridgment of Book iii, dist. 15, chap. 1 in the Filia Magistri
preserved in ms. Manchester, John Rylands Library, Latin 203,
fol. 174v.   534
3 Haec sunt que dicit Magister que non tenentur . . . List in ms. Paris,
Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 15705, fol. 2v.   535
4 Nota quod in viii locis non tenetur oppinio Magistri in libro
Sententiarum . . . List in ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France,
lat. 15707, fol. 169 vb.  535
5 Iste sunt opiniones quas ponit Magister in libro Sententiarum que
modo non tenentur a magistris . . . List in ms. Paris, Bibliothèque
nationale de France, lat. 15719, fol. 204va.  536
6 Sententia Magistri non tenetur hodie in his locis . . . List in ms.
Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 15723, fol. 1v.   537
7 Nota opiniones minus probabiles quas ponit Magister
Sententiarum . . . List in ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France,
lat. 15728, fol. 185r.   537
8 Iste sunt opiniones Magistri Sententiarum que non tenentur a
modernis . . . List in ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France,
lat. 16375, fol. 290v.  538
9–10 Inserted sheets 46a and 46b between fols. 45 and 46 of ms. Vienna,
Schottenstift, 269, in the context of Nicholas of Dinkelsbühl’s dis-
cussion of the procession of the Holy Spirit.   539
11 Nicholas of Dinkelsbühl’s Lectura Mellicensis in ms. Paris,
Bibliothèque nationale de France, tm 536, fol. 324r.   540
12 Index of questions on Book ii from the Sentences commentary
by William of Vaurouillon (Basel, 1510), fol. 117r.   541
13 The opening page from the commentary on Book iv by Nicholas of
Orbellis (Haguenau, 1503), fol. q7r.   542
14 Inácio Dias (?), commentary on Book iii, dist. 29 of Durandus’s
Sentences commentary in ms. Braga, Arquivo Distrital, 268,
fol. 7v.   543
15 Anonymous Tractatus de paenitentia (a commentary on Book
iv, dist. 14–18) in ms. Lisbon, Biblioteca Nacional, 5512,
fol. 89v.   544
viii List Of Figures
16 Juan de Celaya, Scripta . . . in quartum volumen Sententiarum, quae
in Valentino gymnasio die Iouis quarto decimo calendas Nouembreis
a localibus ipsis kalē tykē, vt aiunt, incohata sunt, anno a Christo
nato 1525 . . . (Valencia: industria Joannis Joffre, 1528), Book iv,
dist. 22, fol. 144v.   545
Abbreviations
afh Archivum franciscanum historicum (Grottaferrata).
Vol. 1 (1908) ff.
ahdlma Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge
(Paris). Vol. 1 (1926) ff.
ccsl Corpus christianorum, series latina, 201 vols. to date
(Turnhout, 1953 ff.).
Colish, Peter Lombard Marcia L. Colish, Peter Lombard, 2 vols. (Leiden/New
York/Cologne, 1994).
csel Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum, 99 vols.
to date, ed. Österreichische Akademie der Wissen-
schaften (Vienna, 1866 ff.).
Mediaeval M ediaeval Commentaries on the “Sentences” of Peter
 Commentaries, vol. 1 L ombard: Current Research, vol. 1, ed. Gillian R. Evans
(Leiden/Boston/Cologne, 2002).
Mediaeval M ediaeval Commentaries on the “Sentences” of Peter
 Commentaries, vol. 2 L ombard, vol. 2, ed. Philipp W. Rosemann (Leiden/
Boston, 2010).
Peter Lombard, M agistri Petri Lombardi Sententiae in iv libris distinc‑
 Sentences tae, ed. Ignatius Brady, O.F.M., 2 vols. (Grottaferrata,
1971–81). Vol. 1 contains Books i and ii; vol. 2 contains
Books iii and iv.
pl Patrologia latina, cursus completus, 221 vols., ed.
J.-P. Migne (Paris, 1844–65).
Rosemann, Great Philipp W. Rosemann, The Story of a Great Medieval
 Medieval Book B ook: Peter Lombard’s “Sentences” (Peterborough, Ont.,
2007).
Rosemann, Peter Philipp W. Rosemann, Peter Lombard (New York, 2004).
 Lombard
rtam Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale (Lou-
vain). Vol. 1 (1929)–63 (1996). Continued as rtpm.
rtpm Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales
(Louvain). Started with vol. 64 (1997).
Stegmüller, Friedrich Stegmüller, Repertorium Commentariorum
 Repertorium in Sententias Petri Lombardi, 2 vols. (Würzburg, 1947).
Introduction: Three Avenues for Studying
the Tradition of the Sentences
Philipp W. Rosemann
It is in three major ways that this volume adds both substance and nuance
to our knowledge of the tradition of the Sentences. First, several of the chap-
ters published here enrich the contemporary debate, lively amongst medieval-
ists as well as intellectual historians more generally, concerning the meaning
of authority and authorship. The question, “What is an author?” is answered
differently in different cultures, and the rise of scholasticism was one of the
points in intellectual history when the function of the author underwent sig-
nificant change. Secondly, the volume sheds much light on what one of its
contributors calls theological education “on the ground,” especially during the
later Middle Ages—the kind of teaching that was dispensed by the average
master and received by his average student, and not just the content of the few
most “original” masterpieces by the most celebrated doctores. Finally, the con-
tributors to this third volume of Mediaeval Commentaries on the “Sentences” of
Peter Lombard paint a picture of the reception of the Book of Sentences which
suggests that Peter Lombard’s great textbook played a much more dynamic
role in later medieval theology than hitherto assumed. Far from being mar-
ginalized and superseded after the flourishing of the great commentaries of
the thirteenth century, the work remained a force to be reckoned with until
at least the sixteenth century. The following pages will elaborate on each of
these points, thus highlighting the major themes that hold the chapters of this
volume together.
1 Authorship, Modern and Scholastic
Even today, the concept of authorship remains problematic and, in fact, para-
doxical. We live in an age in which the idea of the author implies notions of
both original creativity and property rights. An author, according to this under-
standing, is a person who creates value by originating words and ideas that are
novel, innovative, unheard-of—in short, “original.” At the opposite pole of the
author, thus conceived as the fount of value and innovation, we have the pla-
giarist, who steals the author’s creations, enriching him- or herself illicitly by
infringing on the author’s right to be recognized and rewarded.
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2 Rosemann
The logic that drives the contemporary notion of the author is thrown into
sharp relief in the concept of self-plagiarism. In relation to the world of art,
self-plagiarism has been defined as occurring “when the artist takes from the
aesthetically significant features of his/her previous work, and presents them
under the false assumption that they are creatively original and that aesthetic
progress has been made. . . .”1 Here, originality is conceived of in terms of prog-
ress in relation not only to the work of others, but even to one’s own produc-
tions. Let us note, in passing, how modern the emphasis on progress is as a
criterion of an aesthetically significant work. One wonders how this criterion
would apply to, say, a Byzantine icon.
The trademarking of common phrases is another consequence brought
about by the contemporary notion of the author. Originality and creativity are
so valuable that not only entire works need to be protected (through copy-
right laws), but individual symbols and phrases as well. Thus, for example, the
phrases “play and fun for everyone,” “black history makers of tomorrow,” and
even “hey, it could happen” are trademarks of the McDonald’s corporation,
which has used them in a variety of advertisements and promotions.2 In this
context, what the law protects are less the claims of an author to be recognized
for his or her original creations, than the economic interests of a corporation
that wants to be associated with certain vernacular terms so as to insinuate
itself more deeply into the thought processes of its customers. The conse-
quence which such pervasive trademarking produces is that more and more
words and phrases of the language of a particular culture come to be absorbed
into the domain of property. The vernacular thus takes on the characteristics of
a commodity from which its users feel increasingly alienated.3
The final step in this development is that not only language, but nature
itself is commodified. In the United States, which has often been at the lead-
ing edge of modern social and technological developments, living matter was
not patentable until 1980. The situation changed when the Supreme Court
ruled, in Diamond v. Chakrabarty, that a certain bacterium which the biochem-
ist Ananda M. Chakrabarty had developed to digest oil spills could indeed be
1  David Goldblatt, “Self-Plagiarism,” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 43 (1984): 71–7,
at 71.
2  See David Bollier, Brand Name Bullies: The Quest to Own and Control Culture (Hoboken, n.j.,
2005), 112.
3  I have discussed these developments in two previous publications: “ ‘Where America Takes
It’s PicturesTM’: Only Theology Saves Language,” in Pragmata: Festschrift für Klaus Oehler
zum 80. Geburtstag, ed. Kai-Michael Hingst and Maria Liatsi (Tübingen, 2008), 170–7, and
“Vernacularity and Alienation,” Existentia 23 (2013): 139–54.