Media & Culture 2016 Update: Mass Communication in a Digital Age

684 Pages·2016·31.2 MB·English

by  Richard Campbell

See what’s new in the 2016 update.
Media & Culture will enhance your understanding of where the digital
turn has taken us—and where media is headed in the future.
SOUNDS AND IMAGES New coverage of important
4 developments in mass media
Sound Recording including social TV viewing, online
and Popular
Music hacktivism and harassment, Taylor
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past decade but of all time, transitioning from a charts, graphs, and statistics.
country-based artist to a top pop-chart star. Her
songs often tell personal stories and have gained a
stronger feminist perspective over time, exempli-
fied in such hits as “Love Story,” “You Belong with
Me,” “Fifteen,” “We Are Never Ever Getting Back
Together,” “I Knew You Were Trouble,” “Shake It
Off,” “Blank Space,” and “Bad Blood.”
Jun Sato/Getty Images for TS CHAPTER 4 • Sound RECoRding And PoPulAR MuSiC 113
An all-new Extended Case Study DAENMD OTHCER AMTAICS ESX MPERDESIASION
examines the media’s role in covering
police violence through the book’s Extended Case
Study
trademark five-step critical process— Mobile Video Reveals Police
Brutality and Racism
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day. But in instances where police put certain mem-
bers of the public at risk, that obligation is not met.
The accompanying instinct of police officers to pro-
can be used throughout their lives. tect themselves at the expense of the public can be
a sign of institutional racism, and African Americans
are inordinately victims of such police violence.
Unfortunately, this is an old and persistent issue.
In 1968, after racial uprisings in Newark, Detroit,
and more than one hundred other cities in the
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LaunchPad EXTENDED CASE STUDY 569
macmillanhighered.com
/mediaculture10eupdate
Breaking Barriers with
12 Years a Slave
Visit LaunchPad to view a LaunchPad for Media & Culture is Bedford/St. Martin’s
short clip from the oscar-
winning movie from director
learning platform that merges and converges print and the Web
Steve mcQueen.
Discussion: How do you
think 12 Years a Slave differs with video clips, interviews, discussion questions, activities, and
from previous depictions of
black history in America? LearningCurve adaptive quizzing for each chapter.
Part-opening infographics
ParT 1
Digital Media and FROM MEDIUM TO MASS MEDIA
Convergence TIME IT TOOK TO REACH 50 MILLION USERS showcase enlightening statistics
Think about the main media technologies in your life when about how we use digital media as
you were growing up. How did you watch TV shows, listen RADIO TV INTERNET FACEBOOK DRAW SOMETHING APP
to music, or read books? How did you communicate with friends?
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public in 2006; smartphones debuted in 2007; Hulu and Netflix launched
their streaming video services in 2008; the iPad was introduced in 2010; YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS DAYS
Apple’s Siri first spoke in 2011; and the Apple Watch was released in
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37
DIGITaL JOB Media Professionals
OUTLOOk Speak about Internet
Jobs
Digital Job Outlook boxes in
Eric Bonzer, Gina Bianchini, CEO, Visual Designer ad for Uber,
each media industry chapter WYoeub’l lD weasnigt nteor ,l eSaprnin HutTeMchl and MIf Ziguhctkyebrbeellrg, the Google guys, and NYoeuw a Yreo r.k . O.ffice
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from scratch. certainly the during his brief time at reed col- • Cool and calm under pressure. You have
media professionals about what Abudto fboer cthree amtivoes tS puaitret iits’s g rreeaaltly, lceogdein. gH.e I ndsidtena’td n, eheed r etole bnetl easns layc aen adt sgurepaetr ifoorl loowrg-athnrizoautgiohn oaln s tkaisllsk,s .in Ytoeug rditoyn, ’at nd
knowing how to write that passionately focused on products. get overwhelmed easily . . . tons of design
stuff from scratch. He marketed. He sold. He inspired. requests from the community and Opera-
employers are looking for in He challenged. He succeeded. He tions teams? No prob!
the fields of gaming, television, fstearunuilcteerc edcep.h eHradereena deckt ueaerpgr tiians git ntioch. isTne hg oce.fo Tsaneh ss eauunrmce, c heteehrs e Isn f-ul •• GoFunran tc.h Yeeof uupl’h.r Yeoo naue c,a haraenr diss eemllfoa-aqtwiuce apnreeto ,i npw leee -lpml-seaprisolsok.ne n
ternet space. And there is nothing who can talk to anyone; you’re flexible,
stopping women from performing fearless, and excited to help build some-
advertising, PR, and more. just as well as men. thing awesome and share it with the
world.
alexa andrzejewski, Ux Designer and Founding • Motivated. You’re ready to hit the ground
CEO of Foodspotting running; you are slightly obsessive-
Skeheapre i ty toou ry oiduersae wlf itsho annoy oonnee wwhillo s wteiall l liist.t Tehne. T thruetrhe iiss, afi ntedminpgt saotimone toon e cfoorm thpeu ltseivaem a.bout grinding away at projects
with the time and money to do it better and faster than you is so rare,
and the value of sharing your idea is so much more. I shared the idea
when I first had it, and I felt validated and motivated to pursue it.
The critical and cultural perspective illustrates how the mass media and our shared
culture fit together, addressing digital-age convergence and media literacy.
For more information about Media & Culture, Tenth Edition, 2016 Update,
please visit
macmillanhighered.com/mediaculture10eupdate.
Praise for
The updated material
in each edition makes
the thought-provoking
Media &
text relevant and offers
plenty of resources for
students considering a
Culture communications- related
career.
ARNOLD MACKOWIAK,
EASTERN MICHIgAN UNIVERSITY
Excellent and well-
researched materials,
excellent writing, and
strong ideas for stimulat-
ing critical thinking for
The text consistently
students.
reminds us of the strands
that weave their way
DAVID BRADFORD,
through the material—
EASTERN FLORIDA STATE
regularly pointing out how COLLEgE
all of the information is
intimately connected.
MARCIA LADENDORFF,
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA
I think the Campbell text is out-
standing. It is a long-overdue
media text that is grounded in
pressing questions about American
It is simply the best intro culture and its connection to the
to mass communication techniques and institutions of
book available. commercial communication. It is,
indeed, an important book. At the
MATTHEW CECIL,
undergraduate level, that’s saying
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE
something.
UNIVERSITY
STEVE M. BARKIN,
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
Media & Culture respects
students’ opinions, while
challenging them to take
more responsibility and to
be accountable for their
media choices. This text
is essential for professors
who are truly committed to
teaching students how to
understand the media.
DREW jACOBS,
CAMDEN COUNTY COLLEgE
The critical perspective has
enlightened the perspective
of all of us who study media,
and Campbell has the power
I will switch to Campbell because to infect students with his
it is a tour de force of cover- love of the subject.
age and interpretation, it is the
best survey text in the field ROGER DESMOND,
hands down, and it challenges UNIVERSITY OF HARTFORD
students. Campbell’s text is the
most thorough and complete
in the field. . . . No other text is
even close.
RUSSELL BARCLAY,
QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY
I love Media & Culture! I have
used it since the first edition.
Media & Culture integrates the
history of a particular medium or
media concept with the culture,
economics, and the techno-
The feature boxes logical advances of the time. But
are excellent and are more than that, the authors are
indispensable to any explicit in their philosophy that
classroom. media and culture cannot be
separated.
MARVIN WILLIAMS,
KINgSBOROUgH DEBORAH LARSON,
COMMUNITY COLLEgE MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY
© Bettman/Corbis
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Media & Culture
Mass Communication
in a Digital Age
Tenth Edition
2016 Update
Richard Campbell
Miami University
Christopher R. Martin
University of Northern Iowa
Bettina Fabos
University of Northern Iowa
Boston New York
“WE ARE NOT ALONE.”
For my family—Chris, Caitlin, and Dianna
“YOU MAY SAY I’M A DREAMER, BUT I’M NOT THE ONLY ONE.”
For our daughers—Olivia and Sabine
For Bedford/St. Martin’s
Vice President, Editorial, Macmillan Higher Education Humanities: Edwin Hill
Publisher for Communication: Erika Gutierrez
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Media Producer: Sarah O’Connor
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Cover Art: The High Line public park, NYC, Section 2 © Claire Takacs/Getty Images; Blue Cubes ©
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Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley and Sons
Copyright © 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-
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except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the
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ISBN 978-1-4576-6874-6 (Paperback)
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Acknowledgments
Text acknowledgments and copyrights appear at the back of the book on page C-1, which constitute
an extension of the copyright page. Art acknowledgments and copyrights appear on the same page
as the art selections they cover. It is a violation of the law to reproduce these selections by any
means whatsoever without the written permission of the copyright holder.
About the Authors
Richard Campbell, Chair of the Department of Media,
Journalism and Film at Miami University, is the author of
“60 Minutes” and the News: A Mythology for Middle America
(1991) and coauthor of Cracked Coverage: Television News,
the Anti-Cocaine Crusade, and the Reagan Legacy (1994).
Campbell has written for numerous publications, including
Columbia Journalism Review, Journal of Communication, and
Media Studies Journal, and he is on the editorial boards of
Critical Studies in Mass Communication and Television
Quarterly. He also serves on the board of directors for
Cincinnati Public Radio. He holds a Ph.D. from Northwestern
University and has also taught at the University of
Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Mount Mary College, the University
of Michigan, and Middle Tennessee State University.
Christopher R. Martin is Professor and Head of the Depart-
ment of Communication Studies at the University of Northern
Iowa and author of Framed! Labor and the Corporate Media
(2003). He has written articles and reviews on journalism,
televised sports, the Internet, and labor for several publica-
tions, including Communication Research, Journal of Communi-
cation, Journal of Communication Inquiry, Labor Studies Journal,
Culture, Sport, and Society, and Perspectives on Politics. He is
also on the editorial board of the Journal of Communication
Inquiry. Martin holds a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan
and has also taught at Miami University.
Bettina Fabos, an award-winning video maker and former
print reporter, is an associate professor of visual communica-
tion and interactive digital studies at the University of Northern
Iowa. She is the author of Wrong Turn on the Information
Superhighway: Education and the Commercialized Internet (2004).
Her areas of expertise include critical media literacy, Internet
commercialization, the role of the Internet in education, and me-
dia representations of popular culture. Her work has been
published in Library Trends, Review of Educational Research, and
Harvard Educational Review. She is also a recipient of Fulbright
and Spencer Fellowships. Fabos has taught at Miami University
and has a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa.
Brief Contents
1 Mass Communication: A Critical Approach 3
DigitAl MeDiA AnD ConvergenCe
2 the internet, Digital Media, and Media Convergence 39
3 Digital gaming and the Media Playground 73
SounDS AnD iMAgeS
4 Sound recording and Popular Music 113
5 Popular radio and the origins of Broadcasting 149
6 television and Cable: the Power of visual Culture 187
7 Movies and the impact of images 231
WorDS AnD PiCtureS
8 newspapers: the rise and Decline of Modern Journalism 269
9 Magazines in the Age of Specialization 309
10 Books and the Power of Print 341
the BuSineSS of MASS MeDiA
11 Advertising and Commercial Culture 375
12 Public relations and framing the Message 413
13 Media economics and the global Marketplace 443
DeMoCrAtiC exPreSSion AnD the MASS MeDiA
14 the Culture of Journalism: values, ethics, and Democracy 477
15 Media effects and Cultural Approaches to research 511
16 legal Controls and freedom of expression 537
extended Case Study: Mobile video reveals Police Brutality and
racism 569
iv