Media and Politics in New Democracies: Europe in a Comparative Perspective

337 Pages·2015·1.435 MB·English

by  Jan Zielonka

Media and Politics in New Democracies

Media and Politics in New
Democracies
Europe in a Comparative Perspective
Edited by
Jan Zielonka
1
3
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Acknowledgements
WewouldliketoacknowledgethegeneroussupportoftheEuropeanResearch
Councilgiventothisproject.Specialthanksgotothehundredsofjournalists,
politicians, regulators, aswell as media owners and entrepreneurs in numer-
ousnewdemocraciesaroundtheworldwhosharedwithustheirexpertiseand
insights.
JanZielonka

Contents
ListofFigures ix
ListofTables xi
ListofContributors xiii
1. Introduction:FragileDemocracy,VolatilePolitics,andthe
QuestforaFreeMedia 1
JanZielonka
PartI. Models
2. TheNewsMediabetweenVolatilityandHybridization 25
PaoloMancini
3. NormativeandEmpiricalModelsofDemocracy 38
RadosławMarkowski
4. CapitalistDiversityandtheMedia 58
BélaGreskovits
PartII. Actors
5. PoliticalActorsandtheColonizationoftheMedia 73
PéterBajomi-Lázár
6. TheRiseofOligarchsasMediaOwners 85
VáclavŠtˇetka
7. JournalistsasCriticalChangeAgentsandPopularDisseminators 99
StanisławMocek
PartIII. Forces:Law,Culture,andTechnology
8. Good,Bad,and‘Irritant’LawsinNewDemocracies 119
MartinKrygier
9. DailyDemocracy:Politics,Media,andDemocraticCulture 137
AiniusLašas
Contents
10. DigitalDemocraciesandNetworkedPublics 154
InkaSalovaara
PartIV. Challenges
11. MediaFragmentationanditsConsequencesforDemocracy 169
NatalieJominiStroud
12. AccelerationofHistory,PoliticalInstabilities,andMediaChange 181
Aukse˙ Balcˇytiene˙
13. InformalPoliticsandFormalMediaStructures 197
RuzhaSmilovaandDanielSmilov
PartV. Benchmarks
14. ConvergingandDivergingPathwaysofMediaTransformation 217
KatrinVoltmer
15. VarietyofMediaSystemsinThird-WaveDemocracies 231
JoséSantanaPereira
16. MediatedDespotism—AWorldBeyondDemocracy 248
JohnKeane
PartVI. RegionalExperiences
17. Media,Hegemony,andPolarizationinLatinAmerica 265
JairoLugo-OcandoandSaraGarcíaSantamaría
18. DoestheWatchdogNeedWatchinginSouthEastAsia? 277
MarkR.Thompson
19. Media,Conflict,andPoliticalTransitionsinAfrica 289
NicoleStremlauandIginioGagliardone
PartVII. Conclusions
20. WhyisitImportanttoStudytheMediaandPoliticsin
NewDemocracies? 305
TerhiRantanenandNikolaBelakova
Index 321
viii
List of Figures
3.1 Overalldiscrepanciesbetweennormativevisionsandevaluations
ofdemocracyCEEvsWE 53
4.1 IrelandandLatvia 65
4.2 DenmarkandSlovenia 65
4.3 ItalyandRomania 66
4.4 UkraineandRussia 66
4.5 TopscoresofEU-28andEuropeanpost-socialist13,andbottom
scoresofEU-15andEuropeanpost-socialist13onsix
dimensionsofmediaperformancein2007 68
7.1 EuropeanTrustedBrandssurveyconductedbyReader’s
Digestin2013 102
7.2 WorldofJournalismstudy 103
9.1 Generaltheoreticalframework 142
9.2 CEEdemocraticculture,1990–2009 143
9.3 EUdemocraticculturebyregion,2008–9 145
9.4 PressFreedomvs.EffectiveDemocracy/FHDemocracy
index,2008 146
9.5 Effectivedemocracyvs.jointmeasureofdemocratic
values,2008–9 146
9.6 Estoniandemocraticculture,1990–2009 147
9.7 Bulgariandemocraticculture,1990–2009 148
12.1 Assessmentofdemocracyinacountrybylevelofhappiness,
bypercentage(ESS,2012) 182
12.2 Assessmentofdemocracyandmediafreedominacountry,
bypercentage(ESS,2012) 183
15.1 Relativesizeofthepressmarket:Averagecirculationof
newspapers(inthousands)byamillionpeopleinEurope,2009 234
15.2 JournalistprofessionalizationinEurope,2009 242