Media Access Control and Resource Allocation: For Next Generation Passive Optical Networks

125 Pages·2013·2.24 MB·English

by  Nirwan Ansari

SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences
and Technology
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8884

Nirwan Ansari • Jingjing Zhang
Media Access Control
and Resource Allocation
For Next Generation Passive
Optical Networks
123
NirwanAnsari JingjingZhang
NewJerseyInstitute AristaNetworks
ofTechnology SantaClara,CA,USA
Newark,NJ,USA
ISSN2191-530X ISSN2191-5318(electronic)
ISBN978-1-4614-3938-7 ISBN978-1-4614-3939-4(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-3939-4
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
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To mywife, Jenny,forher unwavering
support...
Nirwan Ansari
To myparents,brother,andhusbandfor
alwaysbeing thereforme.
JingjingZhang

Foreword
The success of the fiber network deployment in the 1990s fueled the explosive
growthoftheInternetfortwodecades.Thereisanongoingjokeamongusthefiber
opticsresearchersthatwedidsuchagreatjobontheresearchanddevelopmentof
fibercommunicationandatsuchafastpaceinthe1980sand1990sthatwefinished
all that we were expected to do in two decades and we burned ourselves out of a
lucrativejob marketwith oursuccesses. Thatthesis seemsto be confirmedby the
recentjobmarketinthisareaandthejokedoesnotseemtobeso funnyanymore,
atleasttousinthefieldandparticularlyourgraduatestudents.However,Isubmit
thatthesisisentirelywrong.Thebestresearchanddevelopmentoffibernetworks
isstillaheadofus.Letmeexplain.
The deploymentof fiber communicationsin the first two decades was so rapid
that uncoveringthe vast capability of the bandwidth of fiber was the first priority
andlow-hangingfruit.Almostanyfibersystem, optimumornot,wasmuchbetter
thanthetechnologyitreplaced:copper.Themajoremphasiswasondeploymentnot
performanceoptimization.Thecomputerscienceandnetworkcrowdsuperimposed
the Internet architecture on the fiber substrate and the combination unleashed the
broadbandexplosion.Mostof theopticalresearchcommunitywascoercedbythe
uppernetworklayercommunityinto makingthe speedfaster, lowerpowered,and
cheaper and leave the rest of the architecture to the upper layer folks to create.
I always find that notions totally confining and not gratifying. I always believed
andmaintainedthatanetworkarchitecturethatiscreatedwiththeopticalhardware
propertiesandlimitationsin mindtogetherwith the rightupperlayer designswill
yieldmuchsuperiorperformance.Throughouttheyearstherewereafewofuswho
haveconductedourresearchacrossallthenetworklayersatonce.Thefirstauthor
hasbeenoneofmyveryfewfellowcolleagueswhohasalwaysbeenperforminghis
researchthiswaythroughfeastandfamine.Thisbookisanexcellentmanifestation
of this research philosophy and I laud the effort of the authors in committing the
contentsofthisbookinwriting.
Though there are still lots of architectural works to be done in the long haul
network,thebottlenecktonetworkperformancethesedaysisintheaccessnetwork.
Theopticalaccessnetworkdeployedthusfarhasbeenratherunimaginative,using
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viii Foreword
fiber almostasa highspeed replacementof coppercable.Thisbookopensup the
possibilityofusingtheinteractionsacrossthephysicallayerandtheupperlayersin
designingabettermediaaccesscontrolprotocolandresourceallocationalgorithm.
Thebookhasabalancedcombinationofopticaltechnologyandarchitectureinthe
physicalandMAClayerandMACprotocolandresourceallocationalgorithmand
performance analysis in the upper layers. While the verdict is still out on what
the future access network architecture will look like, the intellectual discipline as
given in this book is a template for the pathway for a systematic approach to
optical network research and development.The academic community will benefit
from its broad treatment across both technology and architecture. The industry
engineerwillbenefitfromthemind-broadeningapproachtodevelopmentandcome
to the realization that the development of the physical layer of the fiber network
has been too myopic and confining in the past. Hopefully,both the academic and
industrial communities will proceed with the future research and developmentof
fibernetworksusingabroaderandmuchmorebalancedapproachasexemplifiedby
thisbook.
Boston,MA VincentW.S.Chan
JoanandIrwinJacobsProfessor
EECS,MIT
Preface
The Full Service Access Network (FSAN) working group, established by major
telecommunications service providers and equipment vendors in 1995, has been
advancing specifications into appropriate standard bodies, primarily ITU-T and
IEEE, through which many standards have been defined and driven into passive
optical network (PON) services and products. PON, which exploits the potential
capacities of optical fibers, has also been identified as a promising future-proof
access network technology to meet rapidly increasing traffic demands effectuated
by the popularization of Internet and the sprouting of bandwidth-demanding
applications. Tremendousamountof research and developmentefforts have since
beenmadetoadvancePON.
This book is intended to provide a quick technical briefing on the state of the
artofPONwithrespectto,inparticular,mediaaccesscontrol(MAC)andresource
management.Itconsistsofninechapters:Chap.1providesthelandscapeofexisting
broadbandaccess technologies;Chap.2 traces the evolution of PON architectures
from APON to OFDM PON; Chaps.3–5 cover MAC and resource allocation in
GPON,EPON,andWDMPON,respectively;Chaps.6–8coverrecentlyzealously
pursuedtopics,namely,OFDMPON,hybridopticalandwirelessaccess,andgreen
PON;andChap.9presentstheconcludingremarksandpointstofutureresearchand
developmentendeavors.WhileChaps.1and2providerudimentaryoverviews,the
materialofthebookisstructuredinamodularfashion,witheachchapterreasonably
independentofeachother.Individualchapterscanbeperusedinanarbitraryorder
to the liking and interestof each reader,and theycan also be incorporatedaspart
ofalarger,morecomprehensivecourse.Thefirstauthorhasadoptedsomematerial
presentedinthisbookforhisgraduatecourses,ECE 639PrinciplesofBroadband
NetworksandECE 788AdvancedTopicsin BroadbandNetworks.Thebookmay
alsobeusedasareferenceforpracticingnetworkingengineersandresearchers.
Newark,NJ NirwanAnsari
SantaClara,CA JingjingZhang
ix