Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation PDF
Preview Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation
MECHANISMS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND IMMUNE REGULATION ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 205 NEW MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION Edited by Dharam S. Dhindsa and Om P. Bahl Volume 206 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS Edited by Lionel A. Poirier, Paul M. Newberne, and Michael W. Pariza Volume 207 THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF FERTILIZATION Edited by Jerry L. Hedrick Volume 208 PHOSPHATE AND MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS Edited by Shaul G. Massry, Michel Olmer, and Eberhard Ritz Volume 209 AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS Therapeutic, Psychological, and Research Aspects Edited by V. Cosi, Ann C. Kato, W. Parlette, P. Pinelli, and M. Poloni Volume 210 LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Edited by C. L. Malmendier and P. Alaupovic Volume 211 BIOPHYSICS OF THE PANCREATIC i3-CELL Edited by IIIani Arwater, Eduardo Rojas, and Bernat Soria Volume 212 ACUTE RENAL FAILURE: Clinical and Experimental Edited by Alberto Amerio, Pasquale Coratelli, Vito M. Campese, and Shaul G. Massry Volume 213 MECHANISMS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND IMMUNE REGULATION Edited by Sudhir Gupta, William E. Paul, and Anthony S. Fauci A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. MECHANISMS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND IMMUNE REGULATION Edited by Sudhir Gupta University of California, Irvine Irvine, California and William E. Paul and Anthony S. Fauci National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation (1986: Newport Beach, Calif.) Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation and immune regulation. (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 213) "Proceedings of an International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Im mune Regulation, held February 28-March 2, 1986, in Newport Beach, California" T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Lymphocyte transformation-Congresses. 2. Immune response-Regulation Congresses. I. Gupta, Sudhir. II. Paul, William E. III. Fauci, Anthony S., 1940- IV. Title. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Lymphocyte Transformation-congresses. 2. Lym phocytes - immunology - congresses. 3. Lymphocytes - physiology - congresses. WI AD559 v. 213/WH 200 I572m b1986) QRI85.8.L9I553 1986 616.07/9 87-7005 Proceedings of an International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation, held February 28-March 2, 1986, in New Post Beach, California ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5325-6 e-I SBN-13: 978-1-4684-5323-2 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5323-2 © 1987 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE During the past 5 years rapid progress has been made in the understanding of biochemical pathways for signal transduction in lymphocyte activation. Gene cloning technology has been instrumental in defining and making available in pure form of a number of growth and differentiation factors, in the characterization of their receptors, and in the delineation of genes for the T cell receptor. This book is divided into 6 sections. Section 1 deals with the molecular structure of the T cell receptor. Section 2 discusses the role of the T cell receptor, membrane ion channels and biochemical pathways of signal transduction in T cell activation. The molecular structures and biological and immunological effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 are presented in Section 3. This section also details the structure of interleukin 2 receptor and its use as a target for therapy for certain leukemias. Section 4 includes the biochemical events which occur following the delivery of the signal for B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation by antigen, growth/differentiation factors. The molecular structure of B cell stimulating factors is also discussed. The role of oncogene expression in cellular activation and differentiation is included in Section 5. The cellular and molecular basis of natural killing and the molecular basis of cyc1osporin A-mediated immunosuppression are discussed in detail in Section 6. We hope this book will serve as a reference work on basic mechanisms of lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation for immunologists and molecular biologists. Irvine, California Sudhir Gupta Bethesda, Maryland William E. Paul Anthony S. Fauci v CONTENTS T CELL RECEPTOR The T cell receptor: Its repertoire and role in thymocyte development.----------------l P. Marrack, M. McDuffie, W. Born, M. Blackman, C. Hannum and J. Kappler Murine T-cell receptor genes.----------------------------------------------------13 M.M. Davis, N.R.J. Gascoigne, T. Lindsten, C. Goodnow and Y. Chien. Correspondence between functionally significant sequences in immunoglobulin and the T cell receptor for antigen.---------------------------19 S.M. Hedrick, I. Engel, and P.J. Fink T CELL ACTIY A TION The early mitogenic pathway in mouse thymocytes: An analysis of the dual signal hypothesis.------------------------------------29 J.C. Metcalfe, G.A. Smith, J.P. Moore and R. Hesketh The role of the antigen receptor/T3 complex in T-cell activation.--------------------45 A. Weiss, J. Imboden, K. Hardy, and J. Stobo Early events in lymphocyte activation triggered via CD3/Ti or CD2.------------------51 P.C.L. Beverley, D.L. Wallace, K. O'Flynn and D.C. Linch Human T lymphocyte activation.-------------------------------------------------59 C. Milanese, R.F. Siliciano, N.E. Richardson, H-C Chang, A. Alcover and E.L. Reinherz Transmembrane signals in the activation of T lymphocytes.-------------------------69 J.W. Hadden Ion channels in T lymphocytes.--------------------------------------------------85 M.D. Cahalan, K.G. Chandy, T.E. DeCoursey, S. Gupta, R.S. Lewis, and J.B. Sutro INTERLEUKINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS The multiple biological properties of interleukin-l influencing immunocompetent cells.-----------------------------------------I 03 C.A. Dinarello vii Autocrine growth function of interleukin-l-like molecules secreted by neoplastic human B cells.-----------------------------------------115 G. Scala, F. Ferrara, T. Pastore, F. Alfinito, R. Pizzano, L. Corbo and S. Venuta Dissection of the molecular events occuring during T cell cycle progression.----------------------------------------------------------125 K.A. Smith The Interleukin-2 receptor on normlll and malignant lymphocytes.-----_---------------129 T.A. Waldmann IL-2 receptor gene activation by ATL-derived factor (ADF).-------------------------139 J. Yodoi, M. Okada, Y. Tagaya, Y. Taniguchi, K. Teshigawara, T. Kasahara, C.A. Dinarello, K. Matsushima, T. Honko, T. Uchiyama and M. Maeda. Mechanisms in interleukin 3 regulated growth and differentiation.--------------------149 J.N. Ihle, Y. Weinstein, U.R. Rapp, J.L. Cleveland and E. Premkumar Reddy B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION, PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION The activation, proliferation, and differentiation of human B lymphocytes.------------------------------------------------------163 J.L. Ambrus Jr., e.H. Jurgensen, D.L. Bowen, S. Tomita, T. Nakagawa, N. Nakagawa, H. Goldstein, N.L. Witzel, H.S. Mostowski, and A.S. Fauci. Delineation of human B cell differentiation: Immunological and molecular characterization of human B cell differentiation factor (BSF -2).------------------------------------------------17i T. Kishimoto, T. Hirano, H. Kikutani and A. Muraguchi. Transmembrane signaling reactions generated in B cells in response to anti-IgM or lipopolysaccharide.------------------------------------189 A.L. DeFranco Coupling of B cell surface Ig, la and BSFI receptors to intracellular "second messengers".------------------------------------------195 J.e. Cambier, J.T. Ransom, L.K. Harris, K.M. Coggeshall, Z.Z. Chen, M.K. Newell and L.B. Justement B lymphocyte activation - The roles of receptor cross-linkage and BSF-I.---------------------------------------------------207 W.E. Paul, J. Mizuguchi, M.A. Beaven, P. Hornbeck, W. Tsang and J. Ohara B cell growth factor interactions.-------------------------------------------------215 S.L. Swain and R.W. Dutton IgG I induction factor: A single molecular entity with multiple biological functions.------------------------------------------227 P. Sideras, S. Bergstedt-Lindqvist, E. Severinson, Y. Noma, T. Naito, C. Azuma, T. Tanabe, T. Kinashi, F. Matsude, Y. Yaoita and T. Honjo viii Inhibition of human B cell proliferation by ion channel blockers.-------------------237 B. Vayuvegula, S. Gollapudi and S. Gupta PROTO-ONCOGENES AND CELLULAR ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION Cell growth associated regulation of c-myc and c-fos in normal human T cells.-------------------------------------------------241 K. Kelly and B. Underwood Regulation of proto-oncogene expression during T lymphocyte activation and proliferation.-----------------------------------------------249 J.C. Reed, M.B. Prystowsky, J.A. Kern, J.D. Alpers, P.C. Nowell and R.G. Hoover Expression of the c-fos gene during differentiation.-------------------------------263 C. Van Beveren, R.L. Mitchell, C. Henning-Chubb, E. Huberman and I.M. Verma. NA TURAL KILLING AND CYCLOSPORIN A Activation of natural killer (NK) cells and mechanism of their cytotoxic effects.-------------------------------------------------275 R.B. Herberman Regulation of activation and proliferation of human natural killer cells.-------------------------------------------------------285 G. Trinchieri, L. London, M. Kobayashi and B. Perussia Molecular mechanism of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. -------------------299 B. Bonavida Mechanism of action of cyclosporine--------------------------------------------309 A.D. Hess and P.M. Colombani CONTRIBUTORS-------------------------------------------------------------331 INDE)C----------------------------------------------------------------------333 ix THE T CELL RECEPTOR: ITS REPERTOIRE AND ROLE IN THYMOCYTE DEVELOPMENT Philippa Marrack, Marcia McDuffie, Willi Born, Marica Blackman, Charles Hannum and John Kappler Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado, and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicine Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado Although the discovery of the genes and protein of the T cell receptor has solved some immunological problems many issues remain unsolved. These include questions of tolerance, the relationship between the structure and specificity of the T cell receptor and an understanding of the selective processes which occur in the thymus. Two of these issues will be addressed in this paper, the role of the receptor in thymocyte differentiation and a question raised by Jerne some years ago, about the germ line T cell repertoire (1). Our data suggest that, not unexpectedly, the receptor is indeed involved in thymocyte maturation, at or just after the point at which immature thymocytes are selected to become mature. This indicates that most of the proliferation which occurs in the thymus in immature cells is not receptor-mediated, even though many of these cells bare receptors. Moreover it suggests a stage in the life history of thymocyte upon which immunologists interested in self MHC-restriction and tolerance induction should focus. In the second part of this paper we show data which indicate that Jerne was correct in hypothesising that the germ line repertoire of T cell receptors is indeed directed against MHC antigens. MA TERIALS AND METHODS Animals BALB/cBy and C57B/6J mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. Timed pregnant females were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory or raised in our own vivarium. The day of finding a plug was designated day 0 of pregnancy. Production of I cell hybridomas and cell cultures Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cell hybridomas were produced, cultured and characterized as previously described (2,3). Variants were produced by cloning at limiting dilution after prolonged culture, or after 500-750 rads or Y -irradination (4).
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