Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis PDF
Preview Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS Cancer Growth and Progression SERIES EDITOR: HANS E. KAISER Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md, U.S.A. Scientific Advisors: Kenneth W. Brunson / Harvey A. Gilbert / Ronald H. Goldfarb / Alfred L. Goldson / Elizier Gorelik / Anton Gregl / Ronald B. Herberman / James F. Holland / Ernst H. Krokowski t / Arthur S. Levine / Annabel G. Liebelt / Lance A. Liotta / Seoras D. Morrison / Takao Ohnuma / Richard L. Schilsky / Harold L. Stewart / Jerome A. Urban / Elizabeth K. Weisburger / Paul V. Woolley Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects of Cancer Volume Editor: Ronald H. Goldfarb ISBN 0-89838-990-9 Volume 2: Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Volume Editor: Elizabeth K. Weisburger ISBN 0-89838-991-7 Volume 3: Influence of Tumor Development on the Host Volume Editor: Lance A. Liotta ISBN 0-89838-992-5 Volume 4: Influence of the Host on Tumor Development Volume Editor: Ronald B. Herberman ISBN 0-89838-993-3 Volume 5: Comparative Aspects of Tumor Development Volume Editor: Hans E. Kaiser ISBN 0-89838-994-1 Volume 6: Etiology of Cancer in Man Volume Editor: Arthur S. Levine ISBN 0-89838-995-X Volume 7: Local Invasion and Spread of Cancer Volume Editor: Kenneth W. Brunson ISBN 0-89838-996-8 Volume 8: Metastasis / Dissemination Volume Editor: Elizier L. Gorelik ISBN 0-89838-997-6 Volume 9: Cancer Management in Man: Detection, Diagnosis, Surgery, Radiology, Chronobiology, Endocrine Therapy Volume Editor: Alfred L. Goldson ISBN 0-89838-998-4 Volume 10: Cancer Management in Man: Biological Response Modifiers, Chemotherapy, Antibiotics, Hyperthermia, Supporting Measures Volume Editor: Paul V. Woolley ISBN 0-89838-999-2 Complete set: ISBN 0-89838-989-5 Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Edited by ELIZABETH K. WEISBURGER National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., U.S.A. Kluwer Academic Publishers DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. (Cancer growth and progression; v. 2) Includes index. 1. Carcinogenesis. I. Weisburger, Elizabeth K. II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Carcinogens. 2. Carcinogens, Environmental. 3. Neoplasms--etiology. QZ 200 C2151518 v.2] RC268.5.M425 1988 616.99'4071 87-24664 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7641-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2526-7 DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-009-2526-7 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk, D. Reidel, and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Cover design by Jos Vrolijk. All rights reserved © 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owners. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII List of contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX 1. The influence of human behavior on neoplastic progression H.E. KAISER ................ . 2. The influence of stressors on the progression of neoplastic change H. ANISMAN, J. IRWIN and L.S. SKLAR ...... . 7 3. The seven types of causes of neoplastic growth - an organismic view H.E. KAISER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4. Chemoprevention research W.F. MALONE . . 31 5. Premalignant and non-invasive lesions of the urinary bladder S.L. JOHANSSON and S.M. COHEN. . . . . . . 43 6. Species-specific aspects of the carcinogenicity of chloroform E.K. WEISBURGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 7. Carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation A.c. UPTON ........ . 54 8. Selected aspects of viral carcinogenesis P.S. SARIN ........ . 71 9. The quantum theory of carcinogenesis - a short review J. LADIK and P. OTTO .......... . 84 10. Cellular oncogene activation by chromosomal translocation K.R. HAREWOOD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 11. Amplification of the oncogene N-Myc as a correlate to advanced stage in human neuroblastomas M. SCHWAB .................................. . 92 12. Potential roles of activated proto-oncogenes in malignant progression G.E. GALLICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 13. Oncogenes and their encoded products as targets for cancer therapy D.L. SLATE ..................... . 106 14. Methods to study RAS oncogene-mediated induction of the metastatic phenotype UP. THORGEIRSSON, T. TURPEENNIEMI-HUJANEN, M. BALLIN and L.A. LIOTTA. 113 15. Oncogene products as potential therapeutic targets for control of established metastatic disease R.H. GOLDFARB and K.W. BRUNSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 16. Neoplastic cell stages and progression in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis E. SCHERER ....................... . 128 17. Characterization of eleven important transplantable murine tumors from the standpoint of morphology, pyrimidine biosynthesis and responsiveness to pyrimidine antimetabolites T.W. KENSLER, H.M. SCHULLER, H.N. JAYARAM and D.A. COONEY. . . . . . . . . .. 145 18. Use of organ explant and cell culture in cancer research J.H. RESAU and J.R. COTTRELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 v VI Contents 19. Season of operation and differential long-term progression: clinical, statistical, and psychological issues E.H. KROKOWSKI, H.w. WENDT and P.A. HOMYAK. . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 20. Endogenous factors affecting the progression of carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinomas C.W. WELSCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 21. Age factors in the presence of selected neoplasms H.E. KAISER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 22. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as possible promotors of carcinogenesis N. WERTHEIMER .......................... . 188 23. Medical geography and neoplasms J.P. FULTON .... . 191 Index of subjects ........ . 194 INTRODUCTION Human behavior, including stress and other factors, plays but also the possibility of intervention in specific stages. In an important role in neoplasia, although too little is known addition, variables which affect cancer development as well on the reasons for such development. Carcinogens, which as some endogenous factors can be better delineated help initiate the neoplastic process, may be either synthetic through such investigations. or naturally-occurring. Cancer causation may be ascribed to The topics of this volume encompass premalignant non certain chemicals, physical agents, radioactive materials, invasive lesions, species-specific aspects of carcinogenicity, viruses, parasites, the genetic make-up of the organism, and radiation, viruses, a quantum theory of carinogenesis, onco bacteria. Humans, eumetazoan animals and vascular plants genes, and selected environmental carcinogens. are susceptible to the first six groups of cancer causes, whe reas the last group, bacteria, seems to affect only vascular plants. Neoplastic development may begin with impairment ofJmdy defenses by a toxic material (carcinogen) which acts as an initiator, followed by promotion and progression to an overt neoplastic state. Investigation of these processes Series Editor Volume Editor allows not only a better insight into the mechanism of action Hans E. Kaiser Elizabeth K. Weisburger vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Inspiration and encouragement for this wide ranging project on cancer distribution and dissemination from a comparative biological and clinical point of view, was given by my late friend E. H. Krokowski. Those engaged on the project included 252 scientists, listed as contributors, volume editors and scientific advisors, and a dedicated staff. Special assistence was furnished by J. P. Dickson, J. A. Feulner, and I. Theloe. 1. Bauer, D. L. Fisher, S. Fleishman, K. Joshi, A. M. Lewis, J. Taylor and K. E. Yinug have provided additional assistence. The firm support of the publisher, especially B. F. Commandeur, is deeply appreciated. The support of the University of Maryland throughout the preparation of the series is acknowledged. To the completion of this undertaking my wife, Charlotte Kaiser, has devoted her unslagging energy and invaluable support. CONTRIBUTORS Hymnie ANISMAN, Ph.D. Gary E. GALLICK, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Department of Tumor Biology Carleton University Virology Section Ottawa, Ontario, KLS 5B6 Box 79 Canada University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute Marina BALLIN, PhD. 6723 Bertner Ave. Laboratory of Pathology Houston National Cancer Institute/ Texas 77030, USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda Ronald H. GOLDFARB, Ph.D. Maryland 20892, USA Pittsburgh Cancer Institute 230 Lothrop St. K.W. BRUNSON, Ph.D. Pittsburgh Department of Immunology & Pennsylvania 15213-2592 Infectious Diseases USA and Department of Pathology Pfizer Central Research University of Pittsburg Eastern Point Road School of Medicine Croton Connecticut 06340, USA K.R. HAREWOOD, Ph.D. Department of Immunology and Samuel M. COHEN, M.D., Ph.D. Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology and Microbiology Pfizer Central Research University of Nebraska Eastern Point Road Medical Center Croton 42nd and Dewey Avenue Connecticut 06340, USA Omaha Nebraska 68105, USA P.A. HOMYA K, MHA Department of Psychology David A. COONEY, MD. MacAlester College Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology 1600 Grand Ave. National Cancer Institute/ St. Paul National Institutes of Bethesda Minnesota 55105, USA Maryland 20892, USA J. IRWIN, Ph.D. J.R. COTTRELL, M.S. Department of Psychology Department of Pathology Queens University School of Medicine Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6 University of Maryland Canada 10 S. Pine Street Baltimore Maryland 21201, USA Hiremagalur N. JAY ARAM Division of Cancer Treatment John P. FULTON, Ph.D. National Institutes of Health Rhode Island Cancer Registry Bethesda Rhode Island Department of Health Maryland 20892, USA Office of Health Statistics Cannon Building - 75 Davis Street Sonny L. JOHANSSON, M.D., Ph.D. Providence, RI 02908-509 Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Department of Community Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Brown University 42nd and Dewey Avenue Providence Omaha Rhode Island 02902, USA Nebraska 68105, USA ix X Contributors Hans E. KAISER, D.Sc. Manfred SCHWAB, D.Sc. Department of Pathology School of Medicine Department of Experimental Pathology University of Maryland DKFZ 10 S. Pine Street 1m Neuenheimer Feld 280 Baltimore 6900 Heidelberg I Maryland, 21201, USA FRG Thomas W. KENSLER, Dr. Department of Toxicology L.S. SKLAR, M.D., Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University University of Toronto Baltimore School of Medicine Maryland 21218, USA Toronto, Ontario, Canada E.H. KROKOWSKI, M.D., Ph.D.,* Central Radiological Institute with Radiologic Hospital D.L. SLATE, Ph.D. Municipal Hospitals of Kassel Syntex Inc. Moenchebergstr. 41/43 Syntex Research R-I-215 35 Kassel, FRG 3401 Hillview Avenue *deceased November 5, 1985 Palo Alfo 1. LADIK, Ph.D., Dr.math. h.c. California 94303, USA Chair for Theoretical Chemistry University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Unnur P. THORGEIRSSON, M.D. 852 Erlangen Department of Pathology Egerlandstrass 3, FRG National Cancer Institute/ Lance A. LIOTTA, M.D., Ph.D. National Institutes of Health Department of Pathology Bethesda National Cancer Institute/ Maryland 20892, USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda Taina TURPEENNIEMI-HUJANEN, M.D., Ph.D. Maryland 20892, USA Department of Biochemistry Winfred F. MALONE, Ph.D., M.P.H. University of Oulo National Cancer Institute Oulo National Institutes of Health Finland Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA Arthur C. UPTON, M.D. Peter OTTO, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Medicine Chair for Theoretical Chemistry New York University Medical Center University Erlangen-Nuremberg New York 852 Erlangen New York 10016, USA Egerlandstr. 3, FRG James H. RESAU, Ph.D. E.K. WEISBURGER, Ph.D. Department of Pathology Chemical Carcinogenesis University of Maryland National Cancer Institute School of Medicine National Institutes of Health 10 S. Pine Street Bethesda Baltimore Maryland 20892, USA Maryland 21201, USA Prem S. SARIN, Ph.D. Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology Clifford W. WELSCH, Ph.D. National Cancer Institure/ Department of Anatomy National Institutes of Health State University of Michigan Bethesda East Lansing Maryland 20892, USA Michigan 48892, USA E. SCHERER, M.D. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital H.W. WENDT, Ph.D. at the Netherlands Cancer Institute Department of Psychology Plasmanlaan 121 MacA lester College Amsterdam 1600 Grand Ave. The Netherlands S!. Paul Minnesota 55105, USA H.M. SCHULLER, DVM Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutic Metabolism National Cancer Institute/ Nancy WERTHEIMER, Ph.D. National Institutes of Health 1330 Fifth Street Bethesda Boulder Maryland 20892, USA Colorado 80302, USA
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