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Mirza Hasanuzzaman · Kamrun Nahar  Masayuki Fujita Editors Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar • Masayuki Fujita Editors Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants Editors Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Department of Agronomy Department of Agricultural Botany Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Masayuki Fujita Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses Kagawa University Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan ISBN 978-981-13-1291-5 ISBN 978-981-13-1292-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1292-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018958709 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Arsenic (As) is the most talked about metalloid in the modern world. It is a poison- ous metalloid and historically known as “king of poisons,” and its toxic potential has been known for millennia. It is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust, and it is present in the terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments in vari- ous chemical forms, usually combined with other metals, sulfur, or oxygen. Arsenic may cause substantial damages to plant and animal kingdom. Therefore, As has become a great concern because of its chronic and epidemic effects on human, plant, and animal health. Naturally occurring As in the water has impacted the lives of millions of people; the situation has been called the “largest mass poisoning of a population in history”. For example, in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, more than 50 million people are drinking water containing As. Since the last three decades, the toxic effects of As in plants have been investi- gated widely. Because of its occurrence in all soils and natural waters plants have obviously evolved in the presence of As ions. The complexity of As chemistry and biochemistry confound many efforts to understand the mechanism of toxicity. Different forms of As showed different mechanisms of toxicity. The rate of uptake or accumulation of As also greatly depends on several factors like soil type, plant species, and mechanisms of uptake. Among the cultivated crop plants, rice is the most affected crop from As threats because of the fact that rice is the only major crop grown in waterlogged condition for most of the time, and that rice is particu- larly efficient at assimilating some forms of As, particularly those generated under anaerobic conditions, and exporting them to grain. In line with the abundance and toxic effects of As in plants the tolerance mechanisms in the plant are being investi- gated widely. Molecular approaches in revealing the As stress-responsive genes pro- vide effective clues in developing tolerance in plants. Recently, bioremediation technologies using plants and microbes are drawing special attention due to its effective and eco-friendly perspectives. Numerous research works have been carried on different aspects of As chemistry and the mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance in plants. This book presents a collection of 19 chapters written by 57 experts in the field of plant physiology, environmental sciences, and plant biochemistry. v vi Preface We the editors would like to give special thanks to the authors for their outstand- ing and timely work in producing comprehensive chapters. We are highly thankful to Dr. Fumiko Yamaguchi, Senior Editor (Editor, Ecology and Animal Science), Springer, Japan, for her prompt responses during the acquisition. We are also thank- ful to Sivachandran Ravanan, Production Editor of this book and all other editorial staffs for precious help in formatting and incorporating editorial changes in the manuscripts. Special thanks to Dr. Md. Mahabub Alam, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh, and Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh, for their generous help in formatting the man- uscripts. The editors and contributing authors hope that this book will include a practical update on our knowledge of the role of plant nutrients in abiotic stress tolerance. Dhaka, Bangladesh Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Kagawa, Japan Masayuki Fujita Contents 1 Arsenic Uptake and Transportation in Plants ...................................... 1 Dariusz Latowski, Anna Kowalczyk, Kamila Nawieśniak, and Stanisław Listwan 2 Plant Responses to Arsenic Toxicity: Morphology and Physiology ......................................................................................... 27 Vibhuti Chandrakar, Neha Pandey, and Sahu Keshavkant 3 Consequences of Paddy Cultivation in Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Fields of Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain on Arsenic Accumulation Pattern and Selected Grain Quality Traits: A Preliminary Assessment ...................................................................... 49 Debojyoti Moulick, Subhas Chandra Santra, and Dibakar Ghosh 4 Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants ......................................... 79 Anna Kostecka-Gugała and Dariusz Latowski 5 Plants Response and Tolerance to Arsenic- Induced Oxidative Stress ....................................................................................... 105 Anindita Mitra, Soumya Chatterjee, and Dharmendra K. Gupta 6 Arsenic Toxicity in Crop Plants: Responses and Remediation Strategies .................................................................................................. 129 Lakita Kashyap and Neera Garg 7 Plant’s Adaptive Mechanisms under Arsenic Pollution....................... 171 Rabia Amir, Momina Hayat, Irum Nauman, Marrium Khan, and Faiza Munir 8 Mitigating Arsenic Toxicity in Plants: Role of Microbiota .................. 191 Neha Pandey, Vibhuti Chandrakar, and Sahu Keshavkant 9 Role of Plant-Microorganism Interactions in Plant Tolerance to Arsenic ................................................................................ 219 Anna Kowalczyk and Dariusz Latowski vii viii Contents 10 Interaction of Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Responses to Arsenic Stress: A Collaborative Tale Useful to Manage Contaminated Soils .............................................................. 239 Federico N. Spagnoletti, Raúl S. Lavado, and Romina Giacometti 11 Potentials of Aquatic Plants and Algae for Arsenic Accumulation ........................................................................................... 257 Naveen Kumar Singh, Govind Gupta, Atul Kumar Upadhyay, and Upendra Nath Rai 12 Algae as a Budding Tool for Mitigation of Arsenic from Aquatic Systems ............................................................................. 269 Neha Arora, Khushboo Gulati, Shweta Tripathi, Vikas Pruthi, and Krishna Mohan Poluri 13 A Glimpse on Uptake Kinetics and Molecular Responses of Arsenic Tolerance in Rice Plants ....................................................... 299 Arnab Majumdar and Sutapa Bose 14 Transcriptomics of Arsenic Tolerance in Plants ................................... 317 Kinga Kłodawska, Monika Bojko, and Dariusz Latowski 15 Agronomics Management for Arsenic Stress Mitigation .................... 341 Anil Barla, Sreehari Sathyavelu, Fathima Afsal, Megha Ojha, and Sutapa Bose 16 Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Speciation of Arsenic in Groundwater-Soil-Crop Systems ...................................................... 361 Indranil Das, S. K. Sanyal, and K. Ghosh 17 Mechanism of Treatment Methods of Arsenic- Contaminated Water ........................................................................................................ 405 P. V. Nidheesh, Ansaf V. Karim, T. S. Anantha Singh, Dhanashree Dofe, Sheetal Sahare, and M. Suresh Kumar 18 Status of Arsenic Toxicity in the World ................................................. 457 Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar and Aneela Tariq 19 Arsenic Toxicity: A South Asian Perspective ........................................ 483 Sahar Iftikhar, Zeeshan Ali, Duaa Ahmad Khan, Najam-us-S ahar Sadaf Zaidi, Alvina Gul, and Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Index ................................................................................................................. 503 List of Contributors Fathima Afsal Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Zeeshan Ali Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan Rabia  Amir Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan T. S. Anantha Singh Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Neha  Arora Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan Anil Barla Earth and Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India Monika  Bojko Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Sutapa Bose Earth and Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India Vibhuti Chandrakar School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India Soumya  Chatterjee Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Tezpur, Assam, India ix x List of Contributors Indranil  Das Fertiliser Control Laboratory, Abas, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal, India Dhanashree Dofe CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Neera Garg Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Dibakar Ghosh ICAR - Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India K. Ghosh Directorate of Agriculture (Administration), Purulia, West Bengal, India Romina Giacometti Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires - INBA (CONICET/UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina Alvina Gul Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Khushboo Gulati Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Dharmendra K. Gupta Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Hannover, Germany Govind  Gupta Environmental Science discipline, Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India Momina Hayat Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan Sahar Iftikhar Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan Ansaf  V.  Karim Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India Lakita Kashyap Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Sahu Keshavkant School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India Duaa Ahmad Khan Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan Marrium Khan Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

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Arsenic is likely the most talked-about metalloid in the modern world because of its toxic effects on both animal and plants. Further, arsenic pollution is now producing negative impacts on food security, especially in many south Asian countries. Since plants are a major food source, their adaptatio
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