Mechanism of plant hormone signaling under stress

1117 Pages·2017·21.294 MB·English

by  Pandey, Girdhar K

(cid:2)
MechanismofPlantHormone
SignalingunderStress
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
ii
CoverImageDescription
Theimagepresentsaholisticviewofthefunctionalroleofphytohormones.Different
classes of plant hormones perform a myriad of functions starting from germination,
vegetative,toreproductivephasetransition;abioticandbioticstressresponses,defense
againstpathogens,andsenescence.Planthormonesareknowntoregulateandinteract
with other hormones and more than one hormone is frequently involved in different
signalingpathways,suggestingamechanisticinterplayamongtheminregulatingplant
growth,development,andphysiologicalresponses.
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling
under Stress
EditedbyGirdharK.Pandey
DepartmentofPlantMolecularBiology,
UniversityofDelhiSouthCampus,
NewDelhi,India
(cid:2) (cid:2)
VolumeI
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Copyright©2017byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermitted
underSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwritten
permissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetothe
CopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,[phone],fax(978)
750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe
addressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,
[phone],fax[phone],oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin
preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor
completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantability
orfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesor
writtensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.
Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliablefor
anylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,
consequential,orotherdamages.
Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactour
(cid:2) CustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317) (cid:2)
572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynot
beavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat
www.wiley.com.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Pandey,GirdharK.,editor.
Title:Mechanismofplanthormonesignalingunderstress/editedbyGirdhar
K.Pandey.
Description:Hoboken,NewJersey:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,2017.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2016047893(print)|LCCN2016059906(ebook)|ISBN
9781118888926(cloth:alk.paper)|ISBN9781118888964(AdobePDF)|ISBN
9781118888766(ePub)
Subjects:LCSH:Plants–Effectofstresson.|Botanicalchemistry.|Plant
hormones.|Auxin.|Gibberellins.
Classification:LCCQK754.M362017(print)|LCCQK754(ebook)|DDC
581.7–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016047893
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
Coverimage:MieIgarashi/EyeEm/Gettyimages
Coverdesigner:Wiley
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
v
Contents
AbouttheEditor xv
ListofContributors xvii
Preface xxiii
PartI ActionofPhytohormonesinStress 1
1 AuxinasaMediatorofAbioticStressResponses 3
BrankaSalopek-Sondi,IvaPavlovic´,AnaSmolko,andDunjaŠamec
1.1 Introduction 3
(cid:2) (cid:2)
1.2 Auxin:AShortOverviewofAppearance,Metabolism,Transport,and
Analytics 4
1.2.1 DeNovoSynthesis 4
1.2.2 ReversibleandIrreversibleConjugationPathways 5
1.2.3 IBAtoIAAConversion 6
1.2.4 DegradationPathways 6
1.2.5 PolarAuxinTransport 7
1.2.6 AnalyticalMethodsinAuxinIdentificationandQuantification 7
1.3 HowAuxinHomeostasisShiftswithDiverseAbioticStresses 9
1.3.1 HowtheAuxinPoolisAffectedbyAbioticStress? 9
1.3.2 TranscriptionofAuxinMetabolicGenesunderAbioticStress 10
1.3.3 WhatCanWeLearnfromFunctionalAnalysisResearch? 11
1.4 HowDoesAuxinSignalingRespondtoAbioticStress? 13
1.4.1 BriefOverviewofAuxinPerceptionandSignaling 13
1.4.2 AuxinSignalingAttenuationunderStressConditions:TheImportanceof
miRNADrivenPost-TranscriptionalRegulation 14
1.5 AuxinandRedoxStateDuringAbioticStress 15
1.6 Auxin-StressHormonesCrosstalkinStressConditions 18
1.6.1 Auxin-ABACrosstalk 18
1.6.2 Auxin-JACrosstalk 19
1.6.3 Auxin-EthyleneCrosstalk 20
1.6.4 Auxin-SACrosstalk 20
1.7 PromiscuousProteinPlayersofPlantAdaptation:Biochemicaland
StructuralViews 21
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
vi Contents
1.7.1 IAR3AuxinAmidohydrolase 21
1.7.2 GH3AuxinConjugateSynthetases 23
1.8 Conclusion 24
Acknowledgment 24
References 25
2 MechanismofAuxinMediatedStressSignalinginPlants 37
LekshmyS,KrishnaG.K.,JhaS.K.,andSairamR.K.
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 AuxinBiosynthesis,Homeostasis,andSignaling 37
2.3 AuxinMediatedStressResponsesinModelandCropPlants 40
2.4 RegulationofRootSystemArchitectureunderDroughtandNutrient
Stresses 41
2.5 ConclusionsandFuturePerspectives 45
References 46
3 IntegratingtheKnowledgeofAuxinHomeostasiswithStress
ToleranceinPlants 53
ShivaniSaini,IshaSharma,andPratapKumarPati
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 AuxinBiosynthesisanditsRoleinPlantStress 53
3.3 AuxinTransportanditsRoleinPlantStress 57
(cid:2) (cid:2)
3.4 AuxinSignalinganditsRoleinPlantStress 60
3.5 AuxinConjugationandDegradationanditsRoleinPlantStress 61
3.6 Conclusions 63
References 63
4 CytokininSignalinginPlantResponsetoAbioticStresses 71
NguyenBinhAnhThu,XuanLanThiHoang,MaiThuyTruc,SaadSulieman,
NguyenPhuongThao,andLam-SonPhanTran
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 CKMetabolism 72
4.2.1 CKComponentsandRegulatoryFunctions 72
4.2.2 CKMetabolism,Perception,andSignalTransduction 75
4.2.2.1 CKMetabolism 75
4.2.2.2 CKPerceptionandSignalTransduction 77
4.3 TheComponentsoftheCKSignalingPathway 77
4.3.1 TheCKReceptorHistidineKinases 77
4.3.2 HistidinePhosphotransferProteins 79
4.3.3 ResponseRegulators 80
4.4 CKSignalinginPlantResponsestotheAbioticStresses 81
4.5 GeneticEngineeringofCKContentforImprovementofPlantToleranceto
AbioticStresses 82
4.6 Conclusions 88
Acknowledgments 88
References 88
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Contents vii
5 CrosstalkBetweenGibberellinsandAbioticStressTolerance
MachineryinPlants 101
AshutoshSharan,JeremyDkhar,SnehLataSingla-Pareek,andAshwaniPareek
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Gibberellins:Biosynthesis,Transport,andSignaling 102
5.3 GAMetabolismandSignalingDuringAbioticStress 106
5.3.1 SalinityStressInducesGA2oxandGA20oxGeneExpression 106
5.3.2 ReducedGAConfersTolerancetoDroughtStress 111
5.3.3 RoleofGAinColdandHeatStresses 112
5.4 CrosstalkbetweenGAandOtherPlantHormonesinResponsetoAbiotic
Stresses 114
5.4.1 CrosstalkbetweenGAsandEthyleneDuringAbioticStress 114
5.4.2 CrosstalkBetweenGAsandAbscisicAcidDuringAbioticStress 115
5.4.3 CrosstalkBetweenGAsandSADuringAbioticStress 116
5.4.4 CrosstalkBetweenGAsandJasmonicAcidDuringAbioticStress 116
5.5 ApplicationsinCropImprovement 117
5.5.1 FlowerDevelopment 117
5.5.2 FruitDevelopment 118
5.5.3 BrewingIndustry 118
5.6 Conclusion 118
Acknowledgment 119
References 119
(cid:2) (cid:2)
6 TheCrosstalkofGAandJA:AFine-TuningoftheBalanceofPlant
Growth,Development,andDefense 127
YugeLiandXingliangHou
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 GAPathwayinPlants 128
6.3 JAPathwayinPlants 129
6.4 GAAntagonizesJA-MediatedDefense 131
6.5 JAInhibitsGA-MediatedGrowth 133
6.6 GAandJASynergisticallyMediatePlantDevelopment 134
6.7 Conclusions 136
Acknowledgments 136
References 136
7 JasmonateSignalingandStressManagementinPlants 143
SirhindiGeetika,MushtaqRuqia,SharmaPoonam,KaurHarpreet,andAhmadMir
Mudaser
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 JABiosynthesisandMetabolicFate 144
7.3 JASignalingNetwork 146
7.4 PhysiologicalRoleofJAs 151
7.4.1 JAinSeedGermination 151
7.4.2 JAinRootGrowth 151
7.4.3 JAinTuberFormation 152
7.4.4 JAinTrichomeDevelopment 152
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
viii Contents
7.4.5 JAinFlowerandSeedDevelopment 153
7.4.6 JAinAbscissionandSenescence 153
7.4.7 JAinPhotosynthesisRegulation 154
7.4.8 JAinSecondaryMetabolism 155
7.5 JARegulatedStressResponses 156
7.5.1 JAinAntioxidantManagementandReactiveOxygenSpecies
Homeostasis 156
7.5.2 JAinBioticStress 157
7.5.3 JAinAbioticStresses 157
7.6 Conclusion 159
References 159
8 MechanismofABASignalinginResponsetoAbioticStressin
Plants 173
AnkushAshokSaddhe,KundanKumar,andPadmanabhDwivedi
8.1 Introduction 173
8.2 SignalPerceptionandABAReceptors 175
8.3 NegativeRegulatorsofABASignaling:ProteinPhosphatase2C(PP2C) 178
8.4 PositiveRegulatorsofABASignaling:SnRK2 179
8.5 ABASignalingRegulatingTranscriptionFactor 181
8.5.1 Basic-DomainLeucineZipper(bZIP)TF 181
8.5.2 AP2/ERFTF 182
(cid:2) 8.5.3 NACTF 183 (cid:2)
8.5.4 WRKYTF 183
8.5.5 C H ZFTF 184
2 2
8.5.6 MYBTF 185
8.5.7 bHLHTF 185
8.6 CrosstalkBetweenVariousABAResponsivePathwaysinAbiotic
Stress 186
8.7 SummaryandFutureProspects 187
Acknowledgments 188
Abbreviations 188
References 188
9 AbscisicAcidSignalingandInvolvementofMitogenActivated
ProteinKinasesandCalcium-DependentProteinKinasesDuring
PlantAbioticStress 197
AryadeepRoychoudhuryandAdityaBanerjee
9.1 Introduction 197
9.2 ABASignalinginPlants 198
9.2.1 ABAasaPhytohormone 198
9.2.2 ABAMetabolism 199
9.2.3 ABATransport 199
9.2.4 ABAPerceptionandSignalTransduction 201
9.2.4.1 ABAReceptorsinSignalTransduction 202
9.2.4.2 PP2CsasNegativeRegulatorsofABASignaling 203
9.2.4.3 SnRK2ActingasaGlobalPositiveRegulatorofABASignaling 205
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Contents ix
9.3 TheSignalosomeandSignalingResponsesMediatedbyABA:Structural
AlterationsinABAbyPYR/PYL/RCAR 207
9.4 StructuralAlterationsDuringPP2CInhibitionbyABA 208
9.5 Theabi1-1MutationMysterySolved 208
9.6 BasicLeucineZipper(bZIP)TFsinABASignaling 209
9.7 Mitogen-ActivatedProteinKinase(MAPK)CascadesandRegulationof
DownstreamSignaling 210
9.7.1 RelevanceandCrosstalkofMAPKsinPlantAbioticStresses 212
9.7.2 TheMAPKFamiliesofArabidopsisandRice 212
9.7.2.1 Arabidopsis 212
9.7.2.2 Rice 213
9.7.3 MAPKCascadesRegulatingAbioticStressSignaling 215
9.7.3.1 SaltStress 215
9.7.3.2 DroughtStress 215
9.7.3.3 OxidativeStress 215
9.7.3.4 OzoneStress 216
9.7.3.5 HeavyMetalStress 216
9.7.3.6 TemperatureStress 216
9.7.3.7 ABA-InducedActivationofMAPKs 216
9.8 CalciumDependentProteinKinases(CDPKs) 219
9.8.1 CDPKActivities 221
9.8.1.1 RegulationofCDPKActivity 221
(cid:2) 9.8.1.2 CDPKinABASignaling 221 (cid:2)
9.8.2 RelevanceandCrosstalkofCDPKsinPlantAbioticStresses 223
9.8.3 CDPKsasPotentSignalingHubs 224
9.9 MAPK-CDPKCrosstalk 225
9.10 ConclusionandFuturePerspectives 226
Acknowledgments 227
References 227
10 AbscisicAcidActivatesPathogenesis-RelatedDefenseGene
SignalinginLentils 243
RebeccaFord,DavidTan,NiloofarVaghefi,andBarkatMustafa
10.1 PlantHostDefenseMechanisms 243
10.1.1 HostversusNon-HostResistance 243
10.1.2 PreformedandInducedDefenseResponses 244
10.1.3 ReactiveOxygenSpecies(ROS)DuringanOxidativeBurst 245
10.1.4 HypersensitiveResponse(HR) 245
10.1.5 SystemicAcquiredResistance(SAR) 246
10.2 PhytoalexinsandPathogenesis-Related(PR)Proteins 247
10.3 TheRoleofPlantHormonesinPathogenDefense 247
10.3.1 SalicylicAcid 247
10.3.2 JasmonicAcid 248
10.3.3 Ethylene 249
10.3.4 AbscisicAcid 249
10.3.5 ConservationandCrosstalkWithinSignalingPathways 250
10.4 TheLentilAscochytalentisPathosystem 251
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
x Contents
10.5 KeyDefense-RelatedGenesInvolvedinAscochytalentisDefense 252
10.6 TheEffectofExogenousHormoneTreatmentonPR4andPR10
TranscriptioninLentils 253
10.6.1 BioassaysandcDNAProduction 255
10.6.2 PRGeneAmplificationandExpressionProfiling 255
10.6.3 EffectsofABA,ACC,MeJA,andSAonLentilPR4GeneExpression 256
10.6.4 EffectsofABA,ACC,MeJA,andSAonLentilPR10GeneExpression 256
10.7 Conclusions 259
References 261
11 SignalingandModulationofNon-CodingRNAsinplantsbyAbscisic
Acid(ABA) 271
RajKumarJoshi,SwatiMegha,UrmilaBasu,andNatN.V.Kav
11.1 Introduction 271
11.2 BiogenesisofNon-CodingRNAsinPlants 273
11.3 ModeofActionofncRNAsinPlants 274
11.3.1 MechanismofActioninSmallRNAs 274
11.3.2 MechanismofActionoflncRNAs 275
11.4 ABASignalinginPlants 276
11.4.1 ABABiosynthesis,Transport,andCatabolism 276
11.4.2 ABASignalTransduction 278
11.4.3 Cis-ActingElementsandTranscriptionFactorsinABA-MediatedGene
(cid:2) Expression 278 (cid:2)
11.4.4 ABA-MediatedStomatalClosureDuringPathogenAttack 280
11.5 Non-CodingRNAsandABAResponse 280
11.5.1 MiRNAsinABASignaling 280
11.5.2 OtherncRNAsinABASignaling 283
11.6 ConclusionandFutureProspects 285
References 286
12 EthyleneandStressMediatedSignalinginPlants:AMolecular
Perspective 295
PriyankaAgarwal,GitanjaliJiwani,AshimaKhurana,PankajGupta,andRahulKumar
12.1 Introduction 295
12.2 TypesofStress 295
12.2.1 TemperatureStress 296
12.2.1.1 ColdStress 296
12.2.1.2 HeatStress 296
12.2.2 WaterStress 297
12.2.2.1 DroughtStress 297
12.2.2.2 Salinitystress 298
12.3 OverviewofStressSignaling 298
12.3.1 PerceptionofStress 298
12.3.1.1 PerceptionatPlasmaMembrane 298
12.3.1.2 PerceptionbyChangedCa2+Concentration 299
12.3.2 ActionofDifferentSecondaryMessengers 299
12.3.2.1 ReactiveOxygenSpecies(ROS) 299
(cid:2)