Mechanics of Coatings, Proceedings of the 16th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held at The lnstitut National des Sciences Appliquées

511 Pages·1990·32.69 MB·English

by  D. Dowson

MECHANICS OF
COATINGS

TRIBOLOGY SERIES 17
MECHANICS OF
COATINGS
edited by
D. DOWSON, C. M.TAYLOR and M. GODET
Proceedingso f the 16th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology
held at The lnstitut National des Sciences Appliquees, Lyon, France
-
5th 8th September 1989
ELSEVIER
-
Amsterdam -Oxford New York -Tokyo 1990
For the Institute of Tribology, Leeds University
and
The lnstitut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon
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QElsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1990
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CONTENTS
Introduction ix
Epitaph xi
Session I Conference themes
On the elastic constants of thin solid lubricant films
M.N. GARDOS 3
Frictional properties of lubricating oxide coatings
M.B. PETERSON, S.J. CALABRESE, S.Z. LI and X.X. JIANG 15
Elastic and viscoelastic analysis of two multiply layered
cylinders rolling over each other with coulomb friction
J.J. KALKER 27
Session I1 Theory
Analysis of damage mechanism using the energy release rate
P. DESTUYNDER and T. NEVERS 37
Integrity of wear coating subjected to high-speed asperity
excitation
F.D. JU and J.-C. LIU 45
Coating design methodology
M. GODET, Y. BERTHIER, J.-M. LEROY, L. FLAMAND
and L. VINCENT 53
Session I11 Experiments
Reduction in friction coefficient in sliding ceramic surfaces
by in-situ formation of solid lubricant coatings
A. GANGOPADHYAY, S. JAHANMIR and B.E. HEGEMANN 63
In-situ engineered oxide coatings
H-S HONG and W.O. WINER 73
A morphological study of contact fatigue of TiN coated rollers
H.S. CHENG, T.P. CHANG and W .D. SPROUL 81
Session IV Soft coatings 1
A full solution to the problem of film thickness prediction
in natural synovial joints
D. DOWSON and J. YAO 91
Finite element analysis of EHD lubrication of rubber layers
A. GABELLI and B. JACOBSON I03
Analyses of shear deformations between cylinders with and
without surface films
J.W. KA"EL and T.A. DOW 111
Session V Solid lubricants
Effects of microstructure and adhesion on performance of
sputter-deposited MoS, solid lubricant coatings
P.D. FLEISCHAUER, M.R. HILTON and R. BAUER 121
Role of transfer films in wear of MoS, coatings
S. FAYEULLE, P.D. EHNI and I.L. SINGER 129
Assessing the durability of organic coatings
M.J. ADAMS, B.J. BRISCOE, A.L. CARTER and P.J. TWEEDALE 139
Session VI Rough coated surfaces
Effect of surface coatings in a rough normally loaded contact
Ph. SAINSOT, J.M. LEROY and B. VILLECHAISE 151
Elastic behaviour of coated rough surfaces
J.I. McCOOL 157
Session VII Hardness
Scratch tests on hard layers
A.G. TANGENA, S. FRANKLIN and J. FRANSE 169
A theoretical approach of hardness distribution in rigid
perfectly plastic coated materials
M.L. EDLINGER and E. FELDER 175
Damage mechanisms of hard coatings on hard substrates:
a critical analysis of failure in scratch and wear testing
R. REZAKHANLOU and J. von STEBUT I83
VI
Session VIII Multilayer theory
Stress determination in elastic coatings and substrate
under both normal and tangential loads
J.M. LEROY and B. VILLECHAISE 195
A survey of cracks in layers propelled by contact loading
D.A. HILLS, D. NOWELL and A. SACKFIELD 203
A statistical approach for cracking of deposits :
determination of mechanical properties
A. MEZIN, R. RAMBUARINA and J. LEPAGE 209
Session IX Young’s modulus
Young’s Modulus of TiN and Tic coatings
L. CHOLLET and C. BISELLI 217
A method for in situ determination of Young’s modulus
of deposits
J.P. CHAMBARD and M. NIVOIT 223
Session X Biomechanics
Use of a polyelhylene coating to improve the
biotribology of a hemiarthroplasty implant
M. LABERGE, G. DROUIN, J.D. BOBYN and C.H. RIVARD 233
Comparison of theoretic 31 and experimental values for
friction of lubricated elastomeric surface layers under
transient conditions
J.R. GLADSTONE and J.B. MEDLEY 24 1
A preliminary investigation of the ‘cushion bearing’
concept for joint replacement implants
D.D. AUGER, J.B. MEDLEY, J. FISHER and D. DOWSON 25 1
Session XI Soft coatings 2
The influence of elastic deformation upon film
thickness in lubricated bearings with low elastic modulus coatings
D. DOWSON and Z. JIN 263
Frictional mechanism in uncoated and zinc-coated steel
sheet forming - theoretical and experimental results
V. SAMPER and E. FELDER 27 1
Effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the friction
and wear properties of some plastics
M. WATANABE, H. SHIMURA and Y. ENOMOTO 28 I
Session XI1 Failure mechanisms
The effect of continuous Au sputter deposition on the
enhancement of growth of transfer particles
K. HIRATSUKA, L.L. HU and T. SASADA 289
Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of axisymmetric
indentation using a simple personal computer
M. GUEURY, P. BAGUR, R. REZAKHANLOU, J. von STEBUT 295
Session XI11 Oxides
The oxide film and oxide coating on steels under
boundary lubrication
Y-W ZHAO, J-J LIU and L-Q ZHENG 305
Session XIV New tools and models
A survey of research in acoustic microscopy applied
to metallurgy
J. ATTAL, R. CAPLAIN, H. COELHO-MANDES, K. ALAMI
and A. SAIED 315
Detection of interface defects in layered materials
by photothermal radiometry
M. HEURET, E. VAN SCHEL, M. EGEE and R. DANJOUX 323
A low cycle fatigue wear model and its application
to layered systems.
A.G. TANGENA 329
vii
Session XV Wear 1
The inter-relationship between coating microstructure
and the tribological performance of PVD coatings
337
S.J. BULL and D.S. RICKERBY
Identification and role of phosphate coatings for
tribological applications
G.T.Y. WAN, R.J. SMALLEY and G. SCHWARM 35 1
Protective coatings for application in seawater
M.F. LIZANDIER, E. LANZA, A. SEBAOUN, A. GIROUD
and P. GUIRALEDENQ 359
Session XVI Wear 2
Lubrication influences on the wear of piston-ring coatings
J.C. BELL and K.M. DELARGY 37 1
Wear behaviour of Cr2 0 and Al, 0, plasma sprayed
coatings under lubricated and non-lubricated conditions
R. VIJANDE, F.J. BELZUNCE, J.E. FERN~DEZ,
M.C. PEREZ and A. RINC6N 379
Session XVII Viscoelasticity
Influence of viscoelastic parameters on coated
bearing behaviour
Y.T. SUN, B. BOU-SAID and B. FANTINO 389
Session XVIII Hard coatings
Morpholigical aspects of the friction of
hot-filament-grown diamond thin films
P.J. BLAU, C.S. WST, L.J. HEATHERLY and R.E. CLAUSING 399
Factors affecting the sliding performance of
titanium nitride coatings
F.E. KENNEDY and L. TANG 409
The mechanism of failure of coatings in roller tests
J. VIZINTIN 417
Session XIX Deformation
Measurements of thin films adhesion and mechanical
properties with indentation curves
J.L. LOUBET, J.M. GEORGES and Ph. KAPSA 429
Soft metallic coatings in metal forming processes
P. MONTMITONNET, F. DELAMARE, E. DARQUE-CERETTI and
J. MSTOWSKI 435
Deformation and fracture of hard coatings during
plastic indentation
D.M. ELLIOTT and I.M. HUTCHINGS 445
Session XX Coating evaluation
Coating evaluation methods : a round robin study.
H. RONKAINEN, S. VARJUS, K. HOLMBERG, K.S. FANCEY,
A.R. PACE, A. MATTHEWS, B. MATTHES and E. BROSZEIT 453
The effect of dynamic loads in tribometers - analysis
and experiments
H. HESHMAT 465
Written contributions 475
List of authors 48 1
List of delegates 489
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
IX
INTRODUCTION
The Sixteenth Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology was held at the Institut National des Sciences
AppliquCes de Lyon from the 5th to the 8th of September 1989. It was dedicated to the memory
of the late Professor Daniel Berthe who had contributed much to earlier symposia in Lyon. As all
other Leeds-Lyon Symposia, it discussed only one topic which this time was "Mechanics of
Coatings". The subject was chosen because it seemed timely to bring together men of different
disciplines connected with coatings to find ways of extending the industrial use of these coatings
particularly where tribology was concerned.
It was indeed necessary to get mechanical engineers, surface and volume physicists, theorists and
experimenters, applicators and users together to measure how coatings could mean different things
to different men and also to note the different criteria retained for the qualification of coatings in
each speciality. It was too much to expect that a single symposium could get these specialists to
agree on a given course, it was however reasonable to hope that each would take stock of that
difference and in time take steps to reduce it. We hope to have met that goal.
Some papers were invited and the "Call for Papers" was a great success. A Review Board was set
up to examine the abstracts. Close to 60 papers were programmed which meant that triple sessions
had to be held on one of the three days of the symposium. These papers were dispatched in 20
sessions which discussed theory, experimental data, hard and soft, smooth and rough coatings, solid
lubricants and oxides, coating properties and coating property measurements, wear and failure
mechanisms of coatings, coatings in bio-mechanics and coating evaluation.
The meeting was attended by more than 150 delegates from 17 countries. This is an all time high
for Lyon and of course a great encouragement to all of the organisers. We were, as always on these
occasions, delighted to host a large and very active contingent from Leeds headed by Professor
Dowson and Dr. Taylor. Imperial College was also very present both inside and outside of the
sessions and it was very rewarding to see both familliar and new faces in such large numbers.
After the opening session, on Tuesday, September 5th. delegates were taken to VilliC-Morgon where
the conference banquet was held. We were priviledged in having Mrs Daniel Berthe with us. The
dinner was prepared by two well known Chefs of the Lyon area, MM. Troump and Marguin and
the wines were chosen by a special commission set up by the wine experts of the Laboratoire de
MCcanique des Contacts. Some commotion was caused as one of the courses was rather more
"Lyonnais" than expected but we hope that those who were surprised when they found out what
they had eaten have since forgiven us.
Water jousts were organised on Thursday evening for the delegates at Givors which is 25 kms
south of Lyon. Jousters mounted, one at a time, on the pontoon of a small flat bottomed boat. Two
boats come side by side and each jouster tries to "duck" his opponent by pushing him overboard
with a 5 to 7 meter lance. The fight takes place in a basin which was originally part of the port
of Givors on the Rhone and which was walled in relatively recently. This local form of tournament
reaches back to roman times and the Givors club has been at it quite a while as it celebrated its
100th anniversary in 1986. The performance was followed by a reception given by the Lord Mayor
of Givors. AU of this was accompanied by music which punctuated each ducking or lance breaking
with traditional energetic tunes.
Thanks to Andy Olver of Westland Helicopters, the joust spirit was carried over the next day
during the Friday evening barbecue organized by the laboratory technicians. Minor changes in the