Mechanical Modelling and Computational Issues in Civil Engineering

428 Pages·2005·10.412 MB·English

by  Michel Fremond (editor), Franco Maceri (editor)

Lecture Notes in Applied
and Computational Mechanics
Volume 23
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Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics
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Mechanical Modelling
and Computational Issues
in Civil Engineering
Michel Fre´mond
Franco Maceri (Eds.)
ProfessorDr.MichelFre(cid:1)mond
LaboratoireLagrange
LaboratoireCentraldesPontsetChausse´es
75732Pariscedex15
France
[email protected]
ProfessorDr.FrancoMaceri
DipartimentodiIngegneriaCivile
Universita`diRoma“TorVergata”
ViadelPolitecnico,1
00133Roma
Italy
[email protected]
With236Figures
ISSN1613-7736
ISBN-(cid:1)(cid:2) 3-540-25567-2 SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
ISBN-(cid:1)(cid:3) 978-3-540-25567-3 SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
ThisbookcollectssomepapersofItalianandFrenchengineers,mechanicians
and mathematicians, all associated within a European research network, the
Lagrange Laboratory. Many topics are covered, such as monumental dams,
soil mechanics and geotechnics, granular media, contact and friction pro-
blems, damage and fracture, new structural materials, vibration damping.
Modellingandcomputationalaspectsarebothdealtwith.TheLagrangeLa-
boratorymetplenarilytwice,atLeMont-Saint-Michelin2001andatRavello
in 2002, and many individual exchanges took place meanwhile as a result of
the activities of a true community, sharing scientific culture and a common
understanding of modern civil engineering. In our opinion, this book offers a
good example of cooperation between Italian and French scientists, and we
believe that it will be of great interest for the reader.
Rome, Michel Fr´emond
December 20, 2004 Franco Maceri

Contents
Monumental Dams ........................................... 1
Ruggiero Jappelli
1 Monuments ................................................. 1
2 Dams....................................................... 4
3 Archaeology................................................. 11
4 History ..................................................... 20
5 Architecture................................................. 27
6 Landscape .................................................. 44
7 Performance................................................. 52
8 Concerns ................................................... 67
9 Measures ................................................... 75
10 Abandonment ............................................... 89
11 Final remarks ............................................... 94
Approach of Mechanical Behaviour and Rupture
of Cohesive Granular Media. Validation on a Model Medium . 103
Jean-Yves Delenne, Moulay Sa¨ıd El Youssoufi, Jean-Claude B´enet
1 Introduction................................................. 103
2 Mechanical Modelling ........................................ 104
3 Experimental characterisation of cohesion ....................... 107
4 Comparison between numerical and experimental behaviour
of a cohesive granular medium................................. 109
5 Conclusion .................................................. 111
Phase Change of Volatile Organic Compounds
in Soil Remediation Processes ................................ 113
Ali Chammari, Bruno Cousin, Jean-Claude B´enet
1 Introduction................................................. 113
2 Phase Change of a Volatile Organic Compound in Soil............ 114
3 Self-removal of a contaminant in a soil.......................... 116
4 VOC Removal by venting ..................................... 120
5 Conclusion .................................................. 122
Thermo-mechanicalBehaviourofaSoil.YieldSurfaceEvolution125
Moulay Sa¨ıd El Youssoufi, Christian Saix, Fr´ed´eric Jamin
1 Introduction................................................. 125
2 Yield surface model .......................................... 126
3 Studied soil, experimental device and procedure.................. 128
4 Results and discussions ....................................... 130
5 Conclusion .................................................. 133
VIII Contents
Water Transport in Soil with Phase Change .................. 135
Ali Chammari, B´etaboal´e Naon, Fabien Cherblanc, Jean-Claude B´enet
1 Introduction................................................. 135
2 Water Transport Model in a Non Saturated Soil ................. 136
3 Experimental Study of the Phase Change ....................... 137
4 Self Drying of a Soil at Low Water Content ..................... 138
5 Conclusion .................................................. 140
Tunnels in Saturated Elasto-plastic Soils:
Three-dimensional Validation of a Plane Simulation Procedure143
Carlo Callari, Stefano Casini
1 Introduction................................................. 143
2 Procedure for plane simulation of tunneling in saturated ground ... 145
3 The poro-elastoplastic model .................................. 146
4 Finite element formulation .................................... 148
5 Numerical simulations of tunneling in a saturated ground ......... 149
6 Concluding remarks .......................................... 162
A Plasticity Model and Hysteresis Cycles..................... 165
Nelly Point, Denise Vial
1 Introduction................................................. 165
2 The plasticity model ......................................... 166
3 Uniaxial tensile test .......................................... 166
4 Cyclic loading and unloading .................................. 168
5 Description of the hardening tensor ............................ 169
6 Analysis of the plastic evolution ............................... 169
7 Computation of hysteritic responses ............................ 170
8 Identification through hysteresis cycles.......................... 171
9 Conclusion .................................................. 172
Computational Analysis of Isotropic Plasticity Models........ 173
Nunziante Valoroso, Luciano Rosati
1 Introduction................................................. 173
2 Problem set up. Continuum formulation ........................ 174
3 Discrete formulation and return map. 3D case ................... 177
4 The G tensor and its inverse ................................. 179
H
5 Consistent tangent. 3D case ................................... 181
6 The plane stress problem. Formulation and return map solution.... 184
7 Consistent tangent. Plane stress case ........................... 188
8 Numerical example........................................... 189
9 Summary and conclusions..................................... 195
A Some tensor algebra.......................................... 197
B Coefficients for the 3D consistent tangent ....................... 198
C Coefficients for the 2D consistent tangent ....................... 200
Contents IX
A Non-linear Hardening Model Based
on Two Coupled Internal Hardening Variables:
Formulation and Implementation ............................ 201
Nelly Point, Silvano Erlicher
1 Introduction................................................. 201
2 Thermodynamic formulation of a plasticity model
with linear kinematic/isotropic hardening ....................... 202
3 A generalization of the four-parameter model.................... 204
4 Implementation and some numerical results ..................... 205
5 Conclusions ................................................. 207
Comparison between Static and Dynamic Criteria
of Material Stability .......................................... 211
Antonio Grimaldi, Raimondo Luciano
1 Introduction................................................. 211
2 A one-dimensional example ................................... 213
3 Static criteria of material stability.............................. 217
4 Dynamic criteria of material stability........................... 223
5 Some connections among material stability criteria ............... 225
6 Conclusions ................................................. 232
Material Damage Description via Structured Deformations ... 235
Marc Franc¸ois, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
1 Introduction................................................. 235
2 Micromechanically-motivated kinematical description
via structured deformation theory.............................. 238
3 Structured deformations in a thermodynamical framework ........ 241
4 Response of compressive/tensile panels under shear .............. 244
5 Proposal for an experimental calibration of the model ............ 249
Singular equilibrated stress fields for no-tension panels ....... 255
Massimiliano Lucchesi, Miroslav Silhavy, Nicola Zani
1 Introduction................................................. 255
2 Preliminaries ................................................ 256
3 Rectangular panels........................................... 259
Damage of Materials: Damaging Effects
of Macroscopic Vanishing Motions............................ 267
Elena Bonetti, Michel Fr´emond
1 Introduction................................................. 267
2 The model .................................................. 269
3 The variational problem and the weak existence result ............ 271
4 Passage to the limit for vanishing external forces................. 272
5 Balance of the energy......................................... 273
X Contents
A Numerical Method for Fracture of Rods.................... 277
Maurizio Angelillo, Enrico Babilio, Antonio Fortunato
1 Introduction................................................. 277
2 Preliminaries on known mathematical results on free discontinuity
problems.................................................... 278
3 The one-dimensional problem.................................. 281
A Appendix ................................................... 288
Softening Behavior of Reinforced Cementitious Beams........ 293
Sonia Marfia, Elio Sacco
1 Introduction................................................. 293
2 Constitutive model........................................... 294
3 Cross-section beam equations.................................. 296
4 Numerical applications ....................................... 297
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Plating
of Reinforced Concrete Beams with FRP Laminates .......... 303
L. Ascione, V. P. Berardi, E. Di Nardo, L. Feo, G. Mancusi
1 Introduction................................................. 303
2 Mechanical Model............................................ 304
3 Experimental tests ........................................... 308
4 Results and conclusions....................................... 310
Reliability of CFRP Structural Repair
for Reinforced Concrete Elements ............................ 315
Antonio Bonati, Giovanni Cavanna
1 Introduction................................................. 315
2 Experimental survey ......................................... 316
3 Analysis of results............................................ 317
4 Some remarks ............................................... 319
5 Adhesion between composite and cementitious materials .......... 320
Elastic Plates with Weakly Incoherent Response.............. 323
G. Lancioni
1 Introduction................................................. 323
2 Weakly Incoherent Transversally Isotropic Plates................. 324
3 Motion ..................................................... 325
4 Plate Equations ............................................. 326
5 Free-wave Propagation........................................ 328
A Finite Element for the Analysis
of Monoclinic Laminated Plates .............................. 333
Ferdinando Auricchio, Elio Sacco, Giuseppe Vairo
1 Introduction................................................. 333
2 First-Order Laminate Theory (FSDT) .......................... 334
3 Mixed-Enhanced Finite-Element Formulation.................... 336
4 Numerical Applications ....................................... 337
5 Concluding Remarks ......................................... 342