D o w n t h i r d e d i t i o n loa d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g Meaasurinng , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e H E A L T H rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 A review of quality of life measurement scales /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a Ann Bowling y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n M E A S U R I N G H E A L T H lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o Third Edition f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n M E A S U R I N G H E A L T H lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o A REVIEW OF f N u QUALITY OF LIFE rsing , C h MEASUREMENT ian g m a SCALES i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 Third Edition .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © Ann Bowling M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e Open University Press rm issio n . D o w n Open University Press loa d McGraw-Hill Education ed b MShcoGppraewnh-Haniglle Hrs oRusoead y [ Fa c u Maidenhead lty Berkshire of N ESLn6g l2anQdL ursing , C h email: [email protected] ian g m world wide web: www.openup.co.uk a i U n and ive Two Penn Plaza rsity 5 New York, NY 10121–2289, USA .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 First published 2005 ] a t [0 7 /1 Copyright © Ann Bowling 2005 8 /1 6 ]. C All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short o p passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no yrig part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a ht © retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any M c means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording G ra or otherwise, without the prior permission of the w -H publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing ill G Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for lo b reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the al E Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham d u c Court Road, London, W1T 4LP. atio n H A catalogue record of this book is available from old the British Library ing s, L L ISBN 0 335 21527 0 (pb) 0 335 21528 9 (hb) C. N o Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data t to b e CIP data applied for re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o Typeset by RefineCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk ut p e Printed in the UK by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F CONTENTS ac u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION ix /18 /1 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi ]. C o p y rig h t © M 1 c CONCEPTS OF FUNCTIONING, HEALTH, WELL-BEING AND G ra w QUALITY OF LIFE 1 -H ill G lo b Measuring health outcome 1 al E The concept of functional ability 3 du c The concept of positive health 4 atio n The concept of social health 5 H o The concept of subjective well-being 6 ld in The concept of quality of life 7 gs, L L C . N o 2 THEORY OF MEASUREMENT 10 t to b e re d Choice of health indicator 10 istribu te Measurement theory 10 d o Measurement problems 11 r m o Factor structure 13 difie Types of instruments 14 d in Self-report measures 15 a n y Scaling item responses 15 w a Weighting scale items 16 y w Utility rating scales 16 ith o u t p e rm issio n . vi CONTENTS D o w n lo a 3 MEASURING FUNCTIONAL ABILITY 19 ded b y [ F a The Older Americans’ Resources and Services Schedule (OARS): Multi-Dimensional cu lty Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OMFAQ) 21 o The Stanford Arthritis Center Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) 23 f Nu The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) 26 rsin g The Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 28 , C h Townsend’s Disability Scale 30 ian g The Karnofsky Performance Index (KPI) 32 m a The Barthel Index 34 i U n London Handicap Scale (LHS) 36 ive The Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWBS) 37 rsity 5 The Crichton Royal Behaviour Rating Scale (CRBRS) 39 .6 2 The Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE) 41 .15 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 4 /1 MEASURING BROADER HEALTH STATUS 43 8 /1 6 ]. C o The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) 45 py The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) 49 righ t © The McMaster Health Index Questionnaire (MHIQ) 53 M The Rand Health Insurance/Medical Outcomes Study Batteries 55 cG ra Physical Health Battery 56 w -H MDeepnrteasls iHonea Sltchr eBeanteterry 5578 ill Glo b The Social Health Battery 59 al E Social Support Scale 60 du c General Health Perceptions Battery 62 atio n The Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) 63 H o The Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12) and Health Status ld in Questionnaire-12 (HSQ-12) 68 gs, L The Short Form-8 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-8) 69 L C The Dartmouth COOP Function Charts 69 . N o The Cornell Medical Index (CMI) 71 t to The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) 74 be The EuroQol (EQ-5D) 75 red istrib u te d o 5 MEASURING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING 78 r mo d ifie d in Depression 78 a n Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale 79 y w a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 81 y w Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 83 ith o The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 85 ut p e Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 88 rm issio n . CONTENTS vii D o w n Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 90 loa d State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 94 ed b The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) 95 y [ F The Geriatric Mental State (GMS) 97 ac u Short Mental-Confusion Scales 98 lty o The Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) 98 f N u The Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) 99 rsin g , C h ia n g m 6 MEASURING SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 101 ai U n iv e Social-network analysis 101 rsity 5 Social capital 103 .6 2 Methods of measurement of social networks and social support 104 .15 6 Available measures of social network and support 105 .86 Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviours (ISSB) 106 ] at [0 Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) 108 7/1 8 Perceived Social Support from Family and Friends 109 /1 6 Social Support Questionnaire 110 ]. C o Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI) 111 p y The Social Network Scale (SNS) 113 rig h The Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) 114 t © M The Family Relationship Index (FRI) 116 c G The Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) and the Social Support Behaviours Scale (SS-B) 117 raw Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) 119 -H The Network Typology: The Network Assessment Instrument 120 ill G lo Loneliness 122 ba The Revised University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale 122 l Ed u c a tio n H o 7 MEASURING THE DIMENSIONS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING 125 lding s, L L C Happiness 126 . N o Life satisfaction 127 t to b Morale 127 e re SSeelnf-see sotef ecmoh aenredn sceelf-concept 112288 distrib u Global measures 128 ted o The Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) and Index B (LSIB) 129 r m o The Life Satisfaction Index Z 13-Item Version (LSIZ) 131 d The Affect-Balance Scale (ABS) 132 ified in The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) 134 a n Delighted–Terrible Faces (D–T) Scale 135 y w a Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) 137 y w Scales of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) 138 ith o The (Psychological) General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS) 140 ut p e Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) 141 rm issio n . viii CONTENTS D o w n Scales of Self-Esteem 143 loa d The Self-Esteem Scale 143 ed b The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale 144 y [ F Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory 146 ac u lty o f N u 8 MEASURES OF BROADER QUALITY OF LIFE 148 rsing , C h ia n g The WHOQOL 149 m a LEIPAD Questionnaire 152 i U n CASP-19 154 ive Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) 155 rsity 5 Linear Analogue Self-Assessment (LASA) 156 .6 2 Spitzer’s Quality of Life Index (QL Index) 157 .15 6 Individualized measures of quality of life 160 .86 Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) 160 ] at [0 Patient Generated Index (PGI) 162 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C APPENDIX: A SELECTION OF SCALE DISTRIBUTORS AND USEFUL ADDRESSES 165 op y rig h REFERENCES 168 t © M c G INDEX 209 ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n .