Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion PDF
Preview Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion
Series in Biomedical Engineering Vladimir Medved Editor Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion Series in Biomedical Engineering FoundingEditor JoachimH.Nagel This series describes the applications of physical science, engineering and mathematicsinmedicineandbiology.Thebooksarewrittenforgraduatestudents and researchers in many disciplines including medical physics, biomedical engineering, radiology, radiotherapy and clinical research. The Series in Biomedical Engineering is the official book series of the International Federation forMedicalandBiologicalEngineering. TheIFMBEisanassociationofconstituentsocietiesandorganizationswhichwas established in 1959 to encourage and promote international collaboration in researchandpracticeoftheprofessionaswellasinthemanagementoftechnology and the use of science and engineering in medicine and biology for improving health and quality of life. Its activities include participation in the formulation of public policy and the dissemination of information through publications and forums. The IFMBE as the only international organization and WHO/UN accredited NGO covering the full range of biomedical/clinical engineering, healthcare, and healthcare technology management, represents through its 50 national and international member societies more than 120.000 professionals involvedintheissuesofimprovedhealthcaredelivery. The IFMBE is associated with the International Union for Physical and EngineeringSciencesinMedicine(IUPESM).ThroughtheIUPESM,theIFMBEis amemberoftheInternationalCouncilforScience(ICSU).http://www.ifmbe.org Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7752 Vladimir Medved Editor Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion Editor VladimirMedved FacultyofKinesiology UniversityofZagreb Zagreb,Croatia ISSN1864-5763 ISSN1864-5771 (electronic) SeriesinBiomedicalEngineering ISBN978-3-030-79684-6 ISBN978-3-030-79685-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79685-3 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Human locomotion may be a subject of interest in many areas such as sports, medicine, performing arts, and also, assuming a slightly broader perspective, ergonomics, traffic sciences, didactics, etc. Modern approaches to studying gross human movement and locomotion are characterized by the possibility of applica- tionofvariousengineeringtechnologysolutionsenabling,ineffect,aphysics-and physiology-basedquantitativegraspofthephenomenon.Itisherewherethisbook focuses, its aim being to introduce, succinctly describe, explain and illustrate uses ofthissort.Amongapplicationareasmentioned,itsprimaryorientationistowards thoseinmedicineandinsports.Thebookhasbeenmotivatedbytheneedforlecture notesofacoursecarryingthesamenamewithinMedicalStudiesinEnglishatthe UniversityofZagreb,runningformorethanadecade. Startingfromahistoricalperspective,theideaofunderstandinghumanlocomo- tionbyapplyingtechnicalmeasurementdevicesandincorporatingmeasurementdata intophysicalrepresentationofgrossbodymovementispresentedandexplained,an approachknownasinversedynamics.Withinthisapproachasakindofanumbrella concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data processingmethodsaredescribed.Moderninstrumentstocapturebodymovement bymeasuringitskinematics,kineticsandsurfaceelectromyography(sEMG)arethus described;allsystemsbeinguseddominantly—ifnotexclusively—inamovement analysislaboratorysetting. Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also selected exam- plesofmovementpatternsexhibitedduringperformanceofkinesiologicalandsports activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical engineeringapproachtothissubjectmatter.Itillustrateshowdatacollectedandelab- orated by modern engineering technology attainments can complement traditional expertknowledgeofamedicaldoctororakinesiologist.Theexamplesofthisbook’s practicalapplicationmightbe,forinstance,inevaluationofefficiencyofhumangait, inevaluationoflocalskeletalmusclefatigueinphysicalexercise,inbiomechanical assessment of traumatological conditions requiring orthopedic treatment, and the like.Thebookisapplicableinthefieldsofsports,physicalactivities,aswellasin medicaldiagnosticsandrehabilitation. v vi Preface Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion is written by a multidisci- plinaryauthorteamfromtheUniversityofZagreb,aZagreb-basedclinicalhospital center, Kinematika—Polyclinic for Orthopedy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilita- tioninZagreb,UniversityofSplit,andUniversityofSalerno,includingengineers, medical doctors, a kinesiologist and a sport scientist. The book might be used in planningandexecutingresearchendeavors,andinparticularinaclinicalcontextas areferenceforvariousdiagnosticsprocedures. Zagreb,Croatia VladimirMedved Acknowledgement Springer Nature is to be thanked for accepting this book project and conducting it towards realization. Major actions and coordination were provided and have contributed to successful production of the book. Among the staff at Springer, in particular Christoph Baumann, Karthik Raj Selveraj, Parimelazhagan Thirumani, and Coral Zhou, each in his/her respective capacity, have given special help and support;itwasadelighttoworkwiththem. VladimirMedved Zagreb,Croatia vii Contents 1 Introduction .................................................. 1 VladimirMedved 2 HistoryoftheStudyofHumanLocomotionandElements ofCurrentResearchMethodology .............................. 13 VladimirMedved 3 OnEvolutionandDevelopmentofHumanGait .................. 39 MarijaRakovac 4 From the Archives of Zagreb School of Biomechanics: MeasuringBiomechanicalPropertiesofLumbosacralJoint Specimens .................................................... 61 BorisBožic´ 5 OnMeasuringKinematicsandKineticsofHumanLocomotion .... 77 VladimirMedved 6 The Principles of 3D Photogrammetry Systems Used inHumanMotionCaptureandPosturalAssessment ............. 95 TomislavPribanic´ 7 On Standardization of Pedobarographic Measurement Protocols ..................................................... 129 VladimirMedvedandIgorGruic´ 8 Pedobarography Combined with Computerized Shoe Insole Design and Manufacture: Clinical Applications inOrthopedicsandinSportsMedicine .......................... 139 MarkoPec´inaandMajaMirkovic´ 9 KinesiologicalElectromyography ............................... 171 MarioCifrek,IgorGruic´,andVladimirMedved 10 GaitAnalysis ................................................. 219 VladimirMedved,RodolfoVastola,DanieleAlbano,andMarkoPec´ina ix x Contents 11 ConcernsofaModernOrthopedicTraumatologist ............... 257 NikicaDaraboš 12 StudyingSportiveMovementPatterns:SelectedExamples ........ 287 IgorGruic´ Appendices ....................................................... 299 Appendix A: ISB Recommendations for Standardization intheReportingofKinematicData ..................... 301 AppendixB: ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate System of Various Joints fortheReportingofHumanJointMotion—PartI: Ankle,Hip,andSpine ................................. 309 AppendixC:ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate Systems of Various Joints fortheReportingofHumanJointMotion—PartII: Shoulder,Elbow,WristandHand ...................... 321 AppendixD:ISB Recommendations on the Reporting of Intersegmental Forces and Moments During HumanMotionAnalysis ............................... 343 AppendixE: StandardsforReportingEMGData .................... 363 Index ............................................................. 367
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