Meaning and Identity in a Greek Landscape: An Archaeological Ethnography PDF
Preview Meaning and Identity in a Greek Landscape: An Archaeological Ethnography
meaning and identity in a greek landscape Inthisinterdisciplinarystudy,HamishForbesexploreshowGreekvillagers haveunderstoodandreactedtotheirlandscapesoverthecenturies,from the late medieval period to the present. Analysing how they have seen themselvesbelongingtotheirlocalcommunitiesandwithinbothlocaland wider landscapes, Forbes examines how these aspects of belonging have informedeachother.Forbesalsoilluminatescross-disciplinaryinterestsin memoryandtheimportanceofmonuments.Basedondatagatheredover twenty-fiveyears,Forbes’studycombinestherichdetailofethnographic fieldwork with historical and archaeological time-depth, showing how landscapeshaveimportantmeaningbeyondthereligioussphereinterms ofkinshipandideasaboutthepastandintheirroleasproductiveassets. Hamish Forbes is associate professor of archaeology at the University of Nottingham.HehasexcavatedintheUnitedStates,Ireland,Britainand Greece and conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Greece on Methana, CreteandintheSouthernArgolid.Heisco-editorofARoughandRocky Place:TheLandscapeandSettlementHistoryoftheMethanaPeninsula,Greece. MEANING AND IDENTITY IN A GREEK LANDSCAPE AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ETHNOGRAPHY HAMISH FORBES UniversityofNottingham cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521866996 (cid:1)c HamishForbes2007 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2007 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Forbes,HamishAlexander. MeaningandidentityinaGreeklandscape:anarchaeologicalethnography/ HamishForbes. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn-13:978-0-521-86699-6(hardback) isbn-10:0-521-86699-5(hardback) 1.MethanaPeninsula(Greece)–History. 2.MethanaPeninsula(Greece)–Antiquities. 3.Landscapearchaeology–Greece–MethanaPeninsula. 4.Excavations(Archaeology)– Greece–MethanaPeninsula. I.Title. df901.m54f67 2007 949.5(cid:2)12–dc22 2006039201 isbn 978-0-521-86699-6hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityfor thepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsforexternalor third-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch Websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. To the women in my life: Anne, Helen, Janet and Lin And to the memory of Michael H. Jameson, whose ideas on the Greek countryside led to the research described here CONTENTS ListofIllustrationsandTables page xi PrefaceandAcknowledgements xv TransliterationConventions xxi 1 Introduction 1 2 Landscape Studies: From Frame-and-Tame to Visceral Feeling 9 TheDevelopmentofLandscapeArchaeologyand Anthropology 9 Phenomenology:ACriticalOverview 18 SensoryandVisceralLandscapes 30 TheoreticalApproachofthisStudy 44 3 Historical Background to the Landscape of Methana 50 Geology,GeomorphologyandSoils 51 MethanafromtheEndoftheMedievalPeriodto1821 56 From1821 totheFirstWorldWar 61 TheInterwarYears 83 TheSecondWorldWarOnwards 88 Conclusion 95 4 Conducting Fieldwork on Methana 97 CulturalEcologyStudies 97 ArchaeologicalSurvey 108 TheStudyofHouseholdsandHouseholdTransformation 110 vii CONTENTS ArchivalSourcesandMethanainthe1990s 111 PresentationoftheEvidence 113 Conclusion 114 5 Kinship, Marriage and the Transmission of Names and Property 116 Introduction 117 FamilyandHousehold 118 OtherRelatives 124 ExtentoftheKinshipGroup 127 GreekKinshipandAnthropologicalKinship Theory 136 MarriageAlliances 142 FictiveKin 149 Neighbours 152 KinshipObligations 152 NamesandNaming 157 DowryandInheritance 162 Conclusions 173 6 The Productive Landscape 177 Introduction 177 TheMethanaSettlementPatternasPartofa Decision-MakingProcess 178 MethanaCommunitiesintheirLandscapes:Ethnographic DataandArchaeologicalApproaches 184 TheMethanaLandscapeasaVerticalEconomy 190 TheCropRotationSystemintheLandscape 195 Site‘Territories’versusHousehold‘Territories’andthe ProblemofAppropriateAnalyticalLevels 199 IndividualPlotsandtheirMeanings 203 Conclusion 205 7 The Historical Landscape: Memory, Monumentality and Time-Depth 207 OfTimeandTime-Depth 207 OralTestimoniesandtheMemoryofPastEvents 210 KinshipandHistory:TheEffectofNameRecycling 212 OralTestimony,‘Official’HistoryandLocalHistory 219 viii CONTENTS TheMeaningfulPast 222 StructuresintheLandscape:MemorialsofPastTime 224 SettlementsandtheirLocationsasHistorical Monuments 224 HousesasMonuments 227 Field-Houses 236 FieldsandTerraces 238 Wells,CisternsandLoutses 239 Ambaria 248 Grape-TreadingFloors 250 Churches 257 Cemeteries 259 TheWarMemorial 263 TheNatureofTime 264 Conclusions 284 8 The Kinship Landscape 286 Introduction 286 KinshipandtheVillageLandscape 287 KinshipandtheLandscapeoftheDead 314 KinshipandtheOrganisationoftheProductiveLandscape 318 KinshipandtheWiderLandscapeofMethana 327 TheKinshipLandscapeBeyondMethana 331 MethanitesinaLinguisticallyRelatedLandscape 333 Conclusions:AGreekLandscapewithRelatives 335 9 The Religious Landscape 343 TheSupernaturalintheLandscape 345 TheSupernaturalinMethanites’Lives 348 TheSupernaturalintheSettlementPattern 352 Panighiria 358 Extra-MuralChurches:EmptySpacesasCentralPlaces 359 TheReligiousLandscapeinthe1990s 374 TheDeadintheLandscape:Cemeteries 380 TheDeadintheLandscape:WaysideShrines 385 TheSupernaturalandMovementThroughtheLandscape 387 TheChangingImportanceofChurchesintheLandscape 391 Conclusions 392 ix
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