MCRP 3-17.7 B PDF
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MCRP 3-17.7B FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II PREFACE Field Manual (FM) 5-430 is intended for use dardization Program, Fortification for as a training guide and reference text for en- Parked Aircraft. gineer personnel responsible for planning, North Atlantic Treaty Organization designing, and constructing roads, airfields, (NATO) Standardization Agreement and heliports in the theater of operations (STANAG) 3158 Airfield Marking and (TO). Lighting (AML) (Edition 4), Day Marking of Airfield Runways and Taxiways. FM 5-430 is divided into two separate vol- umes to make it more user-friendly. FM 5- STANAG 2929, Airfield Damage Repair. 430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1, Road De- STANAG 3346 AML (Edition 4), Marking sign, encompasses Chapters 1 through 9 and Lighting of Airfield Obstructions. and Appendices A through H. FM 5-430-00- STANAG 3601 Air Transport (TN) (Edi- 2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II, Airfield and Heli- tion 3), Criteria for Selection and Mark- port Design, encompasses Chapters 10 ing of Landing Zones for Fixed Wing through 14 and Appendices I through P. Transport Aircraft. FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1 is a STANAG 3619 AML (Edition 2) (Amend- stand-alone volume for the design of TO ment 2), Helipad Marking. roads. This volume also serves as a de- STANAG 3652 AML (Amendment 3), Heli- tailed description of information common to pad Lighting, Visual Meteorological Condi- both roads and airfields, such as site selec- tions (VMC). tion, survey and earthwork, clearing and grubbing, base and subbase courses, and STANAG 3685 AML, Airfield Portable drainage. Marking. FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II This publication applies to the Air National serves as the basis for airfield and heliport Guard (ANG) when published in the Na- design. It discusses the complete process of tional Guard Regulation (NGR) (AF) 0-2. airfield and heliport construction from the preliminary investigations, through design This publication, together with FM 5-430-00- criteria, to the final project layout and con- 1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1: Road Design (to struction techniques. It is not a stand- be published), will supersede Technical Man- alone volume. FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32- ual (TM) 5-330/Air Force Manual (AFM) 86- 8013, Vol 1 contains much of the informa- 3, Volume II, 8 September 1968 anti FM 5- tion required to design the substructure of 165/AFP 86-13, 29 August 1975. an airfield or a heliport. The proponent for this publication is the US Army Engineer School (USAES]. Send com- The material in this manual applies to all ments and recommendations on Department levels of engineer involvement in the TO. of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended The manual is intended to be used by Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers directly to— personnel. Commandant US Army Engineer School The provisions of this publication are the ATSE-TDM subject of the following international agree- Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-5000. ments: Unless this publication states otherwise, Quadripartite Standardization Agree- masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer ment (QSTAG) 306, American-British- exclusively to men. Canadian-Australian Armies Stan- v FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II PRELIMINARY PLANNING CHAPTER Successful construction of an airfield or heliport requires careful planning accomplished as early as possible. Planning includes– Mission assignment. Collection of planning data. Designation of controlling aircraft categories. Establishment of airfield or heliport construction standards. Estimation of the required construction effort. MISSION ASSIGNMENT Before actual airfield or heliport planning survive to ensure continual aircraft opera- can begin, a thorough analysis of the pro- tions. posed mission is necessary. The planner must know what the primary mission will be The threat also will determine– and what organizations and types of aircraft How individual facilities and facility will be assigned (fighter, fighter-bomber, re- groups should be configured, dispersed, connaissance, tactical airlift, strategic airlift, or nondispersed. or a combination of these). Also as impor- tant is how long they plan to stay, how Whether utility plants can be centralized many people will be deployed, what level of or dispersed. aircraft maintenance will be required, and whether an aerial port will be needed. Nor- How much and what kind of protection mally, the deploying command will have pre- will be required for parked aircraft. cise information available to answer these questions. Whether vulnerability reduction meas- ures (such as facility protection, camou- PLANNING DATA flage, or concealment) will be needed. As with any TO installation, the threat to the airfield is of prime concern. This should The threat also will drive the size of the air- be one of the first items of information that field. An airfield in a more forward area, em- you, the planner, should obtain to determine ploying dispersed measures, will require what type of survivability and vulnerability much more land area than one located in reduction measures will be required. In any the staging and logistics area, where the environment, aircraft on the ground must be threat is little to none. Topographic, climato- protected, air field systems must always be logic, and hydrologic planning data is used kept operational, and logistics support must to determine the prevailing wind direction and its expected velocity, temperature and Preliminary Planning 10-1 FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II humidity conditions, annual rainfall, terrain Supply. conditions, soil characteristics, and location of the site (latitude anti longitude). Person- Transportation. nel use the data to orient the runway, lo- cate sewage lagoons, and locate facilities to Security. make them blend in with natural surround- ings. Available drawings, survey maps, and aerial photographs are essential to verify MILITARY AREAS the presence of existing facilities. They are also used to determine the type and The size and type of the required airfield amount of vegetation and forested areas so and the possible need for dispersion meas- the amount of grubbing and clearing can be ures in spacing individual facilities and facil- determined. These documents also may ity groups should be considered when deter- help determine what kinds of water sources mining area requirements. Figures 10-1 are available (whether it is fresh, brine, or and 10-2, page 10-4, reflect the general rela- salt water; whether it comes from a well, tionship between various aircraft operations river, lake, or ocean; what its temperature and major military fighting and support ar- is; and what its distance is from the site). eas in a TO. It is logical to assume that air- There are many more questions that could fields in the close battle area will require and should be asked. The more answers more dispersion and protective measures the planner obtains, the easier the planning than those in the support and rear areas. job becomes. However, missiles and long-range enemy in- terdiction air forces, if they exist, may be employed against these latter airfields, sub- AREA DETERMINATION FACTORS jecting them to similar or even greater de- grees of dispersion and protection. The ma- An estimate of area requirements should in- jor military areas are– volve not only space for immediate develop- ment but also space for contemplated expan- Close battle area. Sector of the battlefield sion. Entering into consideration of area re- where the commander chooses to conduct quirements are– decisive operations. Normally under mili- tary control of a brigade, division, or ar- Mission. mored cavalry regiment. Airfields that fall within the close battle area are also called Number of aircraft. small austere airfields (SAAFs) because air- field construction, geometries, and marking Type of aircraft. requirements are austere compared with support and rear area airfields, Length of stay. Support area. Sector of the TO in front of Size of airfield. the communications zone (COMMZ) area. Normally within the Army corps service ar- Degree of passive defense measures. eas or areas under military control of the - Operational. fighter or security command, - Maintenance. Rear area. Sector in the TO. Normally - Servicing. within the Army service area or the COMMZ. - Housing. - Administrative. 10-2 Preliminary Planning FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II Figure 10-1. Preliminary Planning 10-3 FM 5-430-00-2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II Figure 10-2. Theater of operations heliport locations 10-4 Preliminary Planning
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