MCOL, frontalin and ethanol: A potential operational trap lure for Douglas-Fir Beetle in British Columbia

2012·2.1 MB·English

by  Bo Staffan Lindgren

72 J.Entomol.Soc.Brit.CoLLT\fBiA108,December2012
SCIENTIFIC NOTE
MCOL, fi ontalin and ethanol: A potential operational trap lure
for Douglas-fir beetle in British Columbia
B. Staffan Lingren'-, Daniel R. Miller^, J. P. LaFontaine-*
The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctomis British Columbia. Lindgren et al. (1992)
pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a found that the attraction of beetles to traps
major pest of Douglas-tlr, Pseudotsuga baited with the two enantiomers of MCOL
menziesii (Mirb.) in British Columbia seem to be additive with the highest catches in
(Humphreys 1995). An operational trap lure traps baited with racemic MCOL. In
for D. pseudotsugae could be useful in an laboratory assays, ethanol enhanced the
integrated pest management program to activity of frontalin on arrestment of male D.
minimize mortality' ofDouglas-fir, particularly pseudotsugae (Libbey et al. 1983). In field
in conjunction with anti-aggregation assays, ethanol increased catches ofbeetles in
pheromones (Lindgren et al. 1988; Ross and traps baited with frontalin and seudenol
Datemian 1995a). The principal pheromone of (Pitman et ai 1975; Ross and Datemian
D. pseudotsugae is frontalin (1,5- 1995b).
dimethyl-6,8-dioxyabicyclo [3.2.1] octane), PheroTech Inc. (now Contech, Victoria,
which is produced by male and female beetles BC) supplied all traps and lures. Chemical
and attracts both sexes ofbeetles (Pitman and purities were >95% for all semiochemicals.
Vite 1970; Kinzer et al 1971; Rudinsky et ai Release rates were determined gra\imetrically
1976). In British Columbia, D. pseudotsugae at 20-23 °C. Traps were suspended from a
prefer multiple-funnel traps baited with metal pole made from electrical conduit
racemic frontalin (50:50 mix of the two tubing such that the bottom of each trap was
enantiomers) or (S)-(-)-frontalin equally over 0.2-0.5 m above ground level. No trap was
m
those baited with (R)-(+)-frontalin (Lindsren suspended within 2 of any tree. All lures
1992). were placed within the funnels (Lindgren
Two additional pheromones are produced 1983).
by female D. pseudotsugae and attract both The experiment was conducted in mature
sexes of beetles, particularly when presented stands of Douglas-fir at three locations in
with host odours or frontalin: MCOL (1- southern British Columbia: 1) Maple Ridge
methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol) (Libbey et al, (10 April-12 May 1991); 2) Cache Creek (13-
1983; Lindgren et al 1992; Ross and 31 May 1991); and 3) Invermere (30 May-8
Daterman 1 995b) and seudenol (3- August 1991). We used 40 12-unit multiple-
methylcyclohex-2-en-l-ol) (Vite et al 1972; funnel traps (Lindgren 1983) with dry cups in
Rudinsky etal. 1974; Pitman et al. 1975; Ross Maple Ridge and Cache Creek, whereas 20
and Datemian 1995b). These two compounds traps were used in Invemiere. Each collecting
are isomers ofeach other cup contained a small piece of Vapona No-
In 1991, we conducted a trapping Pest Strip (Green Cross; Fisons Horticulture,
experiment in British Columbia, targeting D. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) as a killing
pseudotsugae. The objecti\e ofthe experiment agent to pre\ent damage to the target species
was to determine the effect of racemic by predatory insects. At each location, traps
frontalin and racemic MCOL, alone and in were set in blocks of four traps per block
combination, on the attraction of D. resulting in 10, 10, and 5 replicate blocks per
pseudotsugae to traps baited with ethanol in location, respectively. Blocks, and traps within
' Correspondingauthor. [email protected]
"Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, L'niversit> ofNorthern British Cokimbia. 3333 Universit>'
Way. PrinceGeorge, British Columbia, CanadaV2N 4Z9
3USDAForest Service, Southern Research Station. 320 Green Street. Athens. GA, USA30602-2044
*Contech Enterprises Inc.. 7572 Progress Way, Deha. British Columbia. CanadaV4G 1E9
J.Entomol.Soc.Brit.Columbia109,December2012 73
blocks, were spaced 10-15 m apart in Maple frontalin in Oregon. In their study, the
Ridge and Cache Creek and 50m apart in combination of ethanol, frontalin, and
Invermere. Each trap was baited with a white seudenol was the most effective lure
PVC sleeve pouch (40 cm) releasing ethanol combination for Douglas-fir beetles.
at approximately 53 mg/d. Racemic frontalin Geographic variation in chemical ecology is
and racemic MCOL were released from known for D. pseudotsugae, warranting
micro-centriflige tubes (250 jxL) and plastic furthertrials oftrap-lure blends over a broader
bubblecaps, respectively, each at a rate of range (Ryker et al. 1979; Stock et al. 1979;
approximately 2-3 mg/d. One ofthe following Ross and Daterman 1995b). Nevertheless,
four treatments was randomly assigned to traps baited with frontalin, MCOL, and
each trap within a block: (1) untreated control; ethanol as described here should be used for
(2) MCOL; (3) frontalin; and (4) MCOL+ Control I MapleRidge ANOVA trapping
frontalin. r (/V=194) Source df P
Data were analyzed with the SYSTAT ^^^^^^^ Replicate 9 0.140
(ver. 11) statistical package (SYSTATPro"ta"in(F) FMrCoOntLalin(F) 11 <00..000051
Software Inc., Point Richmond, m+f FxMCOL 1 0.899
California). Trap catch data were
10 20
transformed by ln(y+l) to reduce
ANOVA
hweetreeroscseudbajsetcitceidty.toDaAtaNOatVAeachusilnogcatithoen mccooln(trMo)l Cach(e/V=Cr67e5e3k) SReopulricceate d9f 0.P880
MfoClOlLow;in(g3)mfordonetla:lin;(1a)ndre(p4l)icMatCe;OL(2)xFrontaiiMn(+F)F FMFrCXoOnMtLCalOiLn(F) 111 <000...100600541
frontalin.
Trap catches ofD. pseudotsugae were 250 500
MCOL
significantly affected by and Control Invermere ANOVA
frontalin at all three locations (Fig. 1). MCOL(M) II (/V=3818) Source df P
The responses were additive in Maple Replicate 9 0.381
Frontalin(F) 1 <0.001
Ridge and Cache Creek, as there was no'''*^*^""^''^ MCOL 1 <0.001
significant interaction with MCOL and M+F FXMCOL 1 <0.001
frontalin at either location (Fig. lA-B). 250 500
There was a significant MCOL x frontalin Mean(+SE)numberof
interaction on trap catches in Invermere, beetlespertrap
resulting in a synergistic effect (Fig. IC).
MCOL
The difference may be due to the Figure 1. Effect of and frontalin on
relatively close spacing of treatments in matches of D. pseudotsugae in traps baited
m
the Maple Ridge and Cache Creek ^^^h ethanol Maple Ridge (A), Cache
experiments. In contrast to our results, Creek (B), and Invermere (C). Significance
Ross and Daterman (1995b) found that levels (P) forANOVAontrap catches,
MCOL had no effect on catches of D. Dougla,s-firubeet*ltes m• Bontvisuh Coliumbui-a.
pseudo,tsugae i.n t,raps b1ai•tedJ wi•t,h et,hanol1 and1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Emile Begin for field work in and from the USDA Forest Service (DRM).
Invermere; the University ofBritish Columbia The use of trade names and identification of
for permission to conduct the study in the firms or corporations does not constitute an
Maple Ridge Research Forest; and Dave official endorsement or approval by the
Piggin for help locating sites near Cache United States Government of any product or
Creek. Funding for this research was provided service to the exclusion ofothers that may be
by NSERC (BSL), a grant (BSL) and an suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity
Industrial Post-doctoral Fellowship (DRM) providerand employer.
from the Science Council ofBritish Columbia,
74 J.Entomol.Soc.Brit.Columbia108,December2012
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