McGraw-Hill dictionary of engineering PDF
Preview McGraw-Hill dictionary of engineering
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Engineering Second Edition McGraw-Hill NewYork Chicago SanFrancisco Lisbon London Madrid MexicoCity Milan NewDelhi SanJuan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto ebook_copyright 8.5 x 11.qxd 5/30/03 11:02 AM Page 1 Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be repro- duced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-141799-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141050-3 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMSOFUSE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw- Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decom- pile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. McGRAW-HILLAND ITS LICEN- SORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCU- RACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANYINFORMA- TION THATCAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIAHYPER- LINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLYDISCLAIM ANYWARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUTNOTLIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITYOR FITNESS FOR APARTICU- LAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omis- sion, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licen- sors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limita- tion of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071417990 For more information about this title, click here. Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................v Staff ........................................................................................................................vi HowtoUsetheDictionary .............................................................................vii FieldsandTheirScope ....................................................................................ix PronunciationKey .............................................................................................xi A-ZTerms ......................................................................................................1-626 Appendix ....................................................................................................627-643 EquivalentsofcommonlyusedunitsfortheU.S. CustomarySystemandthemetricsystem ......................................629 ConversionfactorsfortheU.S.CustomarySystem, metricsystem,andInternationalSystem .......................................630 Specialconstants ....................................................................................634 Electricalandmagneticunits ................................................................635 Dimensionalformulasofcommonquantities .....................................635 Internalenergyandgeneralizedwork ...................................................636 Generalrulesofintegration ...................................................................637 Schematicelectronicsymbols ...............................................................639 Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. Preface TheMcGraw-HillDictionaryofEngineeringprovidesacompendiumofmorethan 18,000termsthatarecentraltothevariousbranchesofengineeringandrelated fieldsofscience.ThecoverageinthisSecondEditionisfocusedonbuilding construction,chemicalengineering,civilengineering,controlsystems,design engineering,electricityandelectronics,engineeringacoustics,industrialengi- neering, mechanics and mechanical engineering, systems engineering, and thermodynamics.Manynewentrieshavebeenaddedsincethepreviousedition withothersrevisedasnecessary.Manyofthetermsusedinengineeringare oftenfoundinspecializeddictionariesandglossaries;thisDictionary,however, aims to provide the user with the convenience of a single, comprehensive reference. AllofthedefinitionsaredrawnfromtheMcGraw-HillDictionaryofScientificand TechnicalTerms,SixthEdition(2003).Eachdefinitionisclassifiedaccordingto thefieldwithwhich itisprimarilyassociated;ifitis usedinmorethanone area,itisidenfifiedbythegenerallabel[ENGINEERING].Thepronunciationof each term is provided along with synonyms, acronyms, and abbreviations whereappropriate.AguidetotheuseoftheDictionaryappearsonpagesvii andviii,explainingthealphabeticalorganizationofterms,theformatofthe book,crossreferencing,andhowsynonyms,variantspellings,abbreviations, andsimilarinformationarehandled.ThePronunciationKeyisgivenonpage xi. The Appendix provides conversion tables for commonly used scientific unitsaswellaslistingsofusefulmathematical,engineering,andscientificdata. Itistheeditors’hopethattheSecondEditionoftheMcGraw-HillDictionaryof Engineering will serve the needs of scientists, engineers, students, teachers, librarians,andwritersforhigh-qualityinformation,andthatitwillcontribute toscientificliteracyandcommunication. MarkD.Licker Publisher v Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. Staff MarkD.Licker,Publisher—Science ElizabethGeller,ManagingEditor JonathanWeil,SeniorStaffEditor DavidBlumel,StaffEditor AlyssaRappaport,StaffEditor CharlesWagner,DigitalContentManager ReneeTaylor,EditorialAssistant RogerKasunic,VicePresident—Editing,Design,andProduction JoeFaulk,EditingManager FrankKotowski,Jr.,SeniorEditingSupervisor RonLane,ArtDirector ThomasG.Kowalczyk,ProductionManager PamelaA.Pelton,SeniorProductionSupervisor HenryF.Beechhold,PronunciationEditor ProfessorEmeritusofEnglish FormerChairman,LinguisticsProgram TheCollegeofNewJersey Trenton,NewJersey vi Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. How to Use the Dictionary ALPHABETIZATION. The terms in the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Engineering, Second Edition, are alphabetized on a letter-by-letter basis; word spacing, hyphen,comma,solidus,andapostropheinatermareignoredinthesequenc- ing.Forexample,anorderingoftermswouldbe: abat-vent ADP Ablock airband Abneylevel airblasting FORMAT. Thebasicformatforadefiningentryprovidestheterminboldface, thefieldissmallcapitals,andthesingledefinitioninlightface: term [FIELD]Definition. A field may be followed by multiple definitions, each introduced by a bold- facenumber: term [FIELD]1.Definition.2.Definition.3.Definition. Atermmayhavedefinitionsintwoormorefields: term [CIVENG]Definition. [ENGACOUS]Definition. Asimplecross-referenceentryappearsas: term Seeanotherterm. Acrossreferencemayalsoappearincombinationwithdefinitions: term [CIVENG]Definition. [ENGACOUS]Definition. CROSS REFERENCING. A cross-reference entry directs the user to the definingentry.Forexample,theuserlookingup“accessflooring”finds: accessflooring Seeraisedflooring. The user then turns to the “R” terms for the definition. Cross references are alsomadefromvariantspellings,acronyms,abbreviations,andsymbols. ARL Seeacceptablereliabilitylevel. arriswise Seearrisways. at Seetechnicalatmosphere. ALSOKNOWNAS...,etc.Adefinitionmayconcludewithamentionofa synonymoftheterm,avariantspelling,anabbreviationfortheterm,orother vii Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. such information, introduced by “Also known as ...,” “Also spelled ...,” “Abbreviated ...,” “Symbolized ...,” “Derived from ....” When a term has morethanonedefinition,thepositioningofanyofthesephrasesconveysthe extentofapplicability.Forexample: term [CIV ENG] 1. Definition. Also known as synonym. 2. Definition. SymbolizedT. Intheabovearrangement,“Alsoknownas...”appliesonlytothefirstdefini- tion;“Symbolized...”appliesonlytotheseconddefinition. term [CIVENG] 1. Definition. 2. Definition. [ENGACOUS] Definition. Alsoknownassynonym. Intheabovearrangement,“Alsoknownas...”appliesonlytothesecondfield. term [CIVENG]Alsoknownassynonym. 1.Definition. 2.Definition. [ENGACOUS]Definition. Intheabovearrangement,“Alsoknownas...”appliestobothdefinitionsin thefirstfield. term Alsoknownassynonym. [CIVENG]1.Definition. 2.Definition. [ENGACOUS]Definition. In the above arrangement, “Also known as ...” applies to all definitions in bothfields. viii Fields and Their Scope buildingconstruction—Thetechnologyofassemblingmaterialsintoastruc- ture,especiallyonedesignatedforoccupancy. chemical engineering—A branch of engineering which involves the design andoperationofchemicalplants. civil engineering—The planning, design, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures and ground facilities for industry, for transportation, for use andcontrolofwater,foroccupancy,andforharborfacilities. controlsystems—Thestudyofthosesystemsinwhichoneormoreoutputs areforcedtochangeinadesiredmannerastimeprogresses. design engineering—The branch of engineering concerned with the design ofaproductorfacilityaccordingtogenerallyaccepteduniformstandardsand procedures,suchasthespecificationofalineardimension,oramanufacturing practice,suchastheconsistentuseofaparticularsizeofscrewtofastencovers. electricity—Thescienceofphysicalphenomenainvolvingelectricchargesand theireffectswhenatrestandwheninmotion. electronics—The technological area involving the manipulation of voltages and electric currents through the use of various devices for the purpose of performing some useful action with the currents and voltages; this field is generallydividedintoanalogelectronics,inwhichthesignalstobemanipu- latedtaketheformofcontinuouscurrentsorvoltages,anddigitalelectronics, inwhichsignalsarerepresentedbyafinitesetofstates. engineering—Thesciencebywhichthepropertiesofmatterandthesources of power in nature are madeuseful to humans in structures, machines, and products. engineeringacoustics—Thefieldofacousticsthatdealswiththeproduction, detection, and control of sound by electrical devices, including the study, design,andconstructionofsuchthingsasmicrophones,loudspeakers,sound recordersandreproducers,andpublicaddresssytems. industrial engineering—A branch of engineering dealing with the design, development,andimplementationofintegratedsystemsofhumans,machines, andinformationresourcestoprovideproductsandservices. ix Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. mechanicalengineering—Thebranchofengineeringconcernedwithenergy conversion,mechanics,andmechanismsanddevicesfordiverseapplications, rangingfromautomotivepartsthroughnanomachines. mechanics—Thebranchofphysicswhichseekstoformulategeneralrulesfor predictingthebehaviorofaphysicalsystemundertheinfluenceofanytype ofinteractionwithitsenvironment. systemsengineering—Thebranchofengineeringdealingwiththedesignof acomplexinterconnectionofmanyelements(asystem)tomaximizeanagreed- uponmeasureofsystemperformance. thermodynamics—The branch of physics which seeks to derive, from a few basicpostulates,relationsbetweenpropertiesofsubstances,especiallythose whichareaffectedbychangesintemperature,andadescriptionoftheconver- sionofenergyfromoneformtoanother. x
The list of books you might like
