Published by Time Home Entertainment Inc. 1271 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations in connection with reviews written specifically for inclusion in magazines or newspapers, or limited excerpts strictly for personal use. © 2015 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) ISBN-13: 978-0-8487-4696-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933141 Mayo Clinic A to Z Health Guide is intended to supplement the advice of your personal physician, whom you should consult regarding individual medical conditions. The information in the book is general and is offered with no guarantees on the part of the author or publisher. The author and publisher disclaim all liability in connection with the use of this book. We do not endorse any company or product. MAYO, MAYO CLINIC, and the Mayo triple-shield logo are marks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. We welcome your comments and suggestions about Time Home Entertainment books. Please write to Time Home Entertainment books, Attention: Book Editors, P.O. Box 11016, Des Moines, IA 50336-1016. For bulk sales to employers, member groups and health-related companies, contact Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, or send an email to the following address: [email protected]. Printed in the United States of America Photo credits cover Mayo Clinic © 2015 and Getty Images 183872857/here Matthew C. Meyer, Mayo Clinic/here OS13050 PhotoDisc/here OS47022 C Squared Studios/here FIC078MH Artville/here BBA_085R EyeWire, Inc./here OS36017 C Squared Studios/here HLC091MH Artville/here OS38039 Siede Preis/here PDC053H Artville/here BBA_059R EyeWire, Inc./here MEL_015 EyeWire Collection/here MEL_02 EyeWire Collection/here BBA_034R EyeWire, Inc./here OS0101 C Squared Studios/here BBA_051R EyeWire, Inc. MAYO CLINIC Medical Editor Scott C. Litin, M.D. Associate Medical Editor Sanjeev Nanda, M.D. Senior Editor Karen R. Wallevand Editorial Director Paula Marlow Limbeck Product Manager Christopher C. Frye Medical Illustration David J. Cheney, John V. Hagen, Michael A. King, Brenda S. Lindsay, James Postier Proofreaders Miranda M. Attlesey, Alison K. Baker, Julie M. Maas Indexer Steve Rath Administrative Assistant Beverly J. Steele TIME HOME ENTERTAINMENT INC. Publisher Margot Schupf Vice President, Finance Vandana Patel Executive Director, Marketing Services Carol Pittard Publishing Director Megan Pearlman Associate General Counsel Simone Procas Senior Manager, Business Development & Partnerships Nina Fleishman Reed OXMOOR HOUSE Editorial Director Anja Schmidt Creative Director Felicity Keane Art Director Christopher Rhoads Executive Photography Director Iain Bagwell Executive Food Director Grace Parisi Senior Editor Andrea C. Kirkland, R.D. Managing Editor Elizabeth Tyler Austin Assistant Managing Editor Jeanne de Lathouder Special thanks to Greg A. Amason, Allyson Angle, Melissa Brown, AnnaMaria Jacob, Anna Ramia, Susan Chodakiewicz, Amy Mangus INTRODUCTION Mayo Clinic A to Z Health Guide is designed to be a handy, easy-to- understand medical reference to help guide your everyday health care decisions. Organized alphabetically, it provides clear descriptions and graphic information on more than 100 common medical conditions. The book is based on the expertise of many Mayo Clinic health professionals and the advice they give their patients day in and day out. In the pages that follow, you’ll find guidance on everything from prevention to treatment. The information provided isn’t a substitute for seeing a doctor. Rather, the intent of this book is to help you understand various diseases and conditions so that you can communicate effectively with your doctor and the two of you can work together to manage your health. Scott C. Litin, M.D., (right) is a practicing general internist at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., and a professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. He has served in numerous leadership and editorial positions, including editor in chief of the Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. Dr. Litin has been recognized with many Mayo Clinic honors and awards, including Distinguished Clinician, Outstanding Faculty Member and Distinguished Educator. Sanjeev Nanda, M.D., (left) is a consultant in general internal medicine at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., and an instructor at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. Dr. Nanda has a broad interest in medicine with particular interest in preventive health. Table of contents A Acne ADHD Allergies ALS Alzheimer’s Disease Anemia Anxiety Aortic Aneurysm Appendicitis Arthritis Asthma B Back Pain Blood Clots Brain Aneurysm Brain Tumor Bronchitis Bunions Bursitis C Cancer Carpal Tunnel Syndrome