ebook img

Mathematics in Action: Prealgebra Problem Solving, 3rd Edition PDF

615 Pages·2011·7.89 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Mathematics in Action: Prealgebra Problem Solving, 3rd Edition

Mathematics in Action Prealgebra Problem Solving This page intentionally left blank Mathematics in Action Prealgebra Problem Solving Third Edition The Consortium for Foundation Mathematics Ralph Bertelle Columbia-Greene Community College Judith Bloch University of Rochester Roy Cameron SUNY Cobleskill Carolyn Curley Erie Community College—South Campus Ernie Danforth Corning Community College Brian Gray Howard Community College Arlene Kleinstein SUNY Farmingdale Kathleen Milligan Monroe Community College Patricia Pacitti SUNY Oswego Rick Patrick Adirondack Community College Renan Sezer LaGuardia Community College Patricia Shuart Polk State College—Winter Haven,Florida Sylvia Svitak Queensborough Community College Assad J.Thompson LaGuardia Community College Addison-Wesley Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director, Mathematics Christine Hoag Editor in Chief Maureen O’Connor NOTICE: This work is Content Editor Courtney Slade protected by U.S. Assistant Editor Mary St. Thomas copyright laws and Senior Managing Editor Karen Wernholm is provided solely for Production Project Manager Beth Houston the use of college Senior Designer/Cover Designer Barbara Atkinson instructors in review- Interior Designer Studio Montage ing course materials for classroom use. Digital Assets Manager Marianne Groth Dissemination or sale Production Coordinator Katherine Roz of this work,or any Associate Producer Christine Maestri part (including on the Associate Marketing Manager Tracy Rabinowitz World Wide Web), Marketing Coordinator Alicia Frankel will destroy the Senior Author Support/Technology Specialist Joe Vetere integrity of the work Rights and Permissions Advisor Michael Joyce and is not permitted. The work and materi- Senior Manufacturing Buyer Carol Melville als from it should Production Management/Composition PreMediaGlobal never be made avail- Cover photo Eric Michaud/iStockphoto able to students except by instructors Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their using the accompany- products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, ing text in their classes. All recipi- and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been ents of this work are printed in initial caps or all caps. expected to abide by these restrictions Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data and to honor the Mathematics in action : prealgebra problem solving / the Consortium for Foundation intended pedagogical Mathematics.—3rd ed. purposes and the p. cm. needs of other instructors who rely ISBN-13: 978-0-321-69859-9 (student ed.) on these materials. ISBN-10: 0-321-69859-2 (student ed.) ISBN-13: 978-0-321-69282-5 (instructor ed.) ISBN-10: 0-321-69282-9 (instructor ed.) 1. Mathematics. I. Consortium for Foundation Mathematics. QA39.3.M384 2012 510—dc22 2009052324 Copyright ©2012, 2008, 2004, Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. For information on obtaining per- mission for use of material in this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Rights and Contracts Department, 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02116, fax your request to 617-848-7047, or e-mail at http://www.pearsoned.com/legal/permissions.htm. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—EB—14 13 12 11 10 Contents Preface xiv TotheStudent xx CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers 1 Activity 1.1 Education Pays 1 Objectives: 1.Read and write whole numbers. 2.Compare whole numbers using inequality symbols. 3.Round whole numbers to specified place values. 4.Use rounding for estimation. 5.Classify whole numbers as even or odd,prime,or composite. 6.Solve problems involving whole numbers. Activity 1.2 Bald Eagle Population Increasing Again 9 Objectives: 1.Readtables. 2.Read bar graphs. 3.Interpretbar graphs. 4.Constructgraphs. Activity 1.3 Bald Eagles Revisited 17 Objectives: 1.Add whole numbers by hand and mentally. 2.Subtractwhole numbers by hand and mentally. 3.Estimate sums and differences using rounding. 4.Recognizethe associative property and the commutative property for addition. 5.Translate a written statementinto an arithmetic expression. Activity 1.4 Summer Camp 28 Objectives: 1.Multiply whole numbers and check calculations using a calculator. 2.Multiply whole numbers using the distributive property. 3.Estimatethe productof whole numbers by rounding. 4.Recognizethe associative and commutative properties for multiplication. v vi Contents Activity 1.5 College Supplies 36 Objectives: 1.Divide whole numbers by grouping. 2.Divide whole numbers by hand and by calculator. 3.Estimatethe quotientof whole numbers by rounding. 4.Recognizethatdivision is notcommutative. Activity 1.6 Reach forthe Stars 45 Objectives: 1.Use exponential notation. 2.Factor whole numbers. 3.Determinethe prime factorization of a whole number. 4.Recognize square numbers and roots of square numbers. 5.Recognize cubed numbers. 6.Applythe multiplication rule for numbers in exponential form with the same base. Activity 1.7 You and Your Calculator 55 Objective: 1.Use order of operationsto evaluate arithmetic expressions. WhatHave I Learned? 62 How Can I Practice? 65 Chapter 1 Summary 70 Chapter 1 Gateway Review 75 CHAPTER 2 Variables and Problem Solving 83 Activity 2.1 How Much Do I Need to Buy? 83 Objectives: 1.Recognize and understand the conceptof a variable in contextand symbolically. 2.Translate a written statement(verbal rule) into a statementinvolving variables (symbolic rule). 3.Evaluate variable expressions. 4.Applyformulas(area,perimeter,andothers)tosolvecontextualproblems. Activity 2.2 How High Will ItGo? 95 Objectives: 1.Recognizethe input/outputrelationship between variables in a formula or equation (two variables only). 2.Evaluate variable expressions in formulas and equations. 3.Generate a table of inputand corresponding outputvalues from a given equation,formula,or situation. 4.Read,interpret,and plotpoints in rectangular coordinatesthatare obtained from evaluating a formula or equation. Activity 2.3 AreYouBalanced? 103 Objectives: 1.Translate contextual situations and verbal statements into equations. 2.Applythe fundamental principle of equality to solve equations of the formsx + a = b,a + x = bandx - a = b. Contents vii Activity 2.4 How FarWillYou Go? How LongWill ItTake? 110 Objectives: 1.Applythe fundamental principle of equality to solve equations in the formax = b,a Z 0. 2.Translate contextual situations and verbal statements into equations. # 3.Usethe relationship rate time = amountin various contexts. Activity 2.5 Web Devices for Sale 117 Objectives: 1.Identify liketerms. 2.Combine liketerms using the distributive property. 3.Solve equations of the formax + bx = c. Activity 2.6 Make Me an Offer 123 Objectives: 1.Usethe basic steps for problem solving. 2.Translate verbal statements into algebraic equations. 3.Usethe basic principles of algebrato solve real-world problems. WhatHave I Learned? 131 How Can I Practice? 132 Chapter 2 Summary 136 Chapter 2 Gateway Review 139 CHAPTER 3 Problem Solving with Integers 143 Activity 3.1 Onthe Negative Side 143 Objectives: 1.Recognize integers. 2.Representquantities in real-world situations using integers. 3.Representintegers on the number line. 4.Compare integers. 5.Calculate absolute values of integers. Activity 3.2 MaintainingYourBalance 151 Objectives: 1.Add and subtractintegers. 2.Identify properties of addition and subtraction of integers. Activity 3.3 What’sthe Bottom Line? 160 Objectives: 1.Write formulas from verbal statements. 2.Evaluate expressions in formulas. 3.Solve equations of the formx + b = candb - x = c. 4.Solve formulas for a given variable. Activity 3.4 Riding in theWind 167 Objectives: 1.Translate verbal rules into equations. 2.Determine an equation from a table of values. 3.Use a rectangular coordinate system to representan equation graphically. viii Contents Activity 3.5 AreYou Physically Fit? 175 Objectives: 1.Multiply and divide integers. 2.Perform calculationsthatinvolve a sequence of operations. 3.Apply exponentsto integers. 4.Identify properties of calculationsthatinvolve multiplication and division with zero. Activity 3.6 Integers and TigerWoods 186 Objectives: 1.Use order of operations with expressionsthatinvolve integers. 2.Applythe distributive property. 3.Evaluate algebraic expressions and formulas using integers. 4.Combine liketerms. 5.Solve equations of the formax = b,wherea Z 0,thatinvolve integers. 6.Solve equations of the formax + bx = c,wherea + b Z 0, thatinvolve integers. WhatHave I Learned? 195 How Can I Practice? 198 Chapter 3 Summary 206 Chapter 3 Gateway Review 209 CHAPTER 4 Problem Solving with Fractions 213 Activity 4.1 AreYouHungry? 213 Objectives: 1.Identifythe numerator and the denominator of a fraction. 2.Determinethe greatestcommon factor (GCF). 3.Determine equivalentfractions. 4.Reduce fractionsto equivalentfractions in lowestterms. 5.Determinethe leastcommon denominator (LCD) of two or more fractions. 6.Compare fractions. Activity 4.2 GetYour Homestead Land 222 Objectives: 1.Multiply and divide fractions. 2.Recognizethe sign of a fraction. 3.Determinethe reciprocal of a fraction. 4.Solve equations of the formax = b,a Z 0,thatinvolve fractions. Activity 4.3 Onthe Road with Fractions 233 Objectives: 1.Add and subtractfractions with the same denominator. 2.Add and subtractfractions with differentdenominators. 3.Solve equations in the formx + b = candx - b = c thatinvolve fractions. Contents ix Activity 4.4 Hanging with Fractions 242 Objectives: 1.Calculate powers and square roots of fractions. 2.Evaluate equationsthatinvolve powers. 3.Evaluate equationsthatinvolve square roots. 4.Use order of operationsto calculate numerical expressions thatinvolve fractions. 5.Evaluate algebraic expressionsthatinvolve fractions. 6.Usethe distributive property with fractions. 7.Solve equations of the formax + bx = c with fraction coefficients. WhatHave I Learned? 252 How Can I Practice? 254 Chapter 4 Summary 261 Chapter 4 Gateway Review 264 Problem Solving with Mixed Numbers CHAPTER 5 and Decimals 269 Cluster 1 Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 269 Activity 5.1 Food forThought 269 Objectives: 1.Determine equivalentfractions. 2.Add and subtractfractions and mixed numbers with the same denominator. 3.Convertmixed numbers to improper fractions and improper fractions to mixed numbers. Activity 5.2 Mixing with Denominators 279 Objectives: 1.Determinethe leastcommon denominator (LCD) fortwo or more mixed numbers. 2.Add and subtractmixed numbers with differentdenominators. 3.Solve equations in the formx + b = c andx - b = c thatinvolve mixed numbers. Activity 5.3 TilingtheBathroom 289 Objectives: 1.Multiply and divide mixed numbers. 2.Evaluate expressions with mixed numbers. 3.Calculatethe square rootof a mixed number. 4.Solve equations of the formax + b = 0,a Z 0,thatinvolve mixed numbers. Cluster1 WhatHave I Learned? 298 How Can I Practice? 300

Description:
The first book of the Mathematics in Action series, Prealgebra Problem Solving, Fourth Edition, illustrates how mathematics arises naturally from everyday situations through updated and revised real-life activities and the accompanying practice exercises. Along with the activities and the exercises
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.