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Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging PDF

256 Pages·1996·8.68 MB·English
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Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging Committee on the Mathematics and Physice of Emerging Dynamic Biomedical Inaging Board on Mathematical Sciences Board on Physics and Astrononry Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, d Applications National Research Connell and Foard on Riahehavinral Sciences and Meulal Disorders Institute of Medicine Nativnal Academy Press ‘Washington, D.C. 1996 eine Beraccl Imaging 19s) NOTICE; Thu: project tet ig che subject of (sis moet sn apovoved hy ihe Governing Hotrd of zke Baliona’ Newarch Couns’, ahoee anembers ae Graves Dou Uly evil of tye havienal eadeay al Senne, the Kazienn g, aud, he avivors ef Mediciue. Taw we bors oS the corsnittes sesponsiole tar the repost were shower “or ‘pesearee and vith reyes for spproptiane halarce, ‘Pais report Lay oan tesiewed by a greup tue shan ruling ta procedures approve. hy & Report Review: Comittee corsis:' a, of members of the Nariaeal Academy of Scie, the. Natiaral Aradersy Pgunsering, and the Tytitut: of Medicine Se ppete for Us pric mas provdded by the Alvar sed Haseesea Prafosts Agoasy, she Deparseat of Energy, ard the Natigial Lust be ut Senta Health Acalecsy of Pagineer pectal com: Libary of Congres: Catwog Care Number {4.7950 necmtiona! Standacé Bowe Rumnbee 0 S0-C5487-0 Coprsight 1996 by the Natiuual Academy: af Selences, A sights reseree Avallable trom Natzoual Academy Press 251; Conssitetion Avene, NW Woking, DC 26415 Availasie on “bo Tnternes si the World Wide Web al Uo G2: beset Printed ‘a thy Usites tates of Auseiea COVER ILUSTWATIONS: The mpper Fase was prodescd iy rap vast ‘retric magcelie rosonnace itaping (HIRD ler inj wl 2 perawagaesic oates: agent and shows yisrel anatomy, Kiduey puxfisloa. and ursters ‘Sorigic). ‘Tas ccnrpatt agent causes urine aad blooc. to prodase difoser tuegat’e resovance sienals. (Ilesteation commtasy ol George Helles, Tri verity of Penasy.vaaia and General Fictsic MoWeal Syevems.} The lowe: i Tetraline van example af ruogern wan.imaiva computed lariugzapby (CT, sharrs caleiem dem its "f she sorta (eanter o° age) aeé the blood west ancloug. Th wat praduend walag vapil daca collection vin apirat C4 wath injecied watsast marari.,. (lustealioa cincoeny oF Siemens Medical See team) gine Ber accl Imaging 1984) COMMUTTEE ON TIE MATAKMATICS AND PHYSICS OF EMERGING DYNAMIC BIOMEDICAL IMAGING ‘uuaias Bow voEk, Eeeseuce Berkeley National Laburatury, Ca-enair Fiu.x Weunul, Cuivecnly of Perrsyhanie Yulica Center, Cocehave S. Moanis Sturicupsgab, Gexeral Blectric Medical Syetcum 1}. Auseitc Gaésmauy, Calverrie of CaliZraiz at Berkeley BR. Mans Huss cts. Cnivenity af Torarta PASI Lacrenove, Waisersiny of Minis st Urbana’ rT ampaig Whur klew Locers yn, Sinmeas Medica, S50 Trass Narcenes, Uaceice of Mucuster Saned Zany Nessos, Cadversty of California at Sau Tracie Lasiescr SrnaP, aT%1 Boll Leboratosics Rowan G. Sktistas, Yale Caiversity Brucanrs Mrs: Wan ‘Ls. Cuiversiuy af Noreh Carolin Chapel Ha. Score 1. Wrinuax, Foner Stott Otlecr, Board ov Marbe-vatiea! Sceucee Rowen L, Risa, Associate Dinecioe, Boar, oa Physics #14 Aatromsiny Cosstascr M. Pecaura, Dieter. Frond on Bickexenioeal Sciouses ‘anal Mental Disorcare eine Beraccl Imaging 19s) HOARD ON MAYIIEMATICAL SCIENCES Acwok FecrpMay, Lniversty af Mtesota, Chair Toms Avszasp33, Ci icy of New York Hynan Baas. Cottmbia criversty Mane Binge Book, Perdue Uvessite Paves be Caso, Raman Kodak Compaty Ean 2K, Carve, Univesity of Penny’ erin T. Benca Leck, Cniverstty of Coliferria ac vine Susan M, Monrgoweny, Tavesity of Soa doe, Cxifunia sp L. NEMAAUSRR, Georgia Inatinte of Letkxclogs ANT Wenont, Come Uxiveris Tseaan O1scs, Stanford Uaiverehy auwaro P. Prizats, Brocklaven Navious! Laboratory Dewan Sr. Rickaens, Vaivoesity of Fngin'a Moay P, Warizen, Rice Uxiverly Wauas P, Zev 2, Tucinan nivettig tx Sicko Member Jos R Kevseuarss. Hell Commnicatiens Reseach, Las, (Che, Ceramituee on Applied ani Theovetiva. Scatistice vat Tors R, Tecsea, Dinetor Soort T. Wrinwan, Seaior Stall Ozer fea loan foc: Hoare Seleacea aad Teckaelaget ack AtmRaNnEE, Sta? Olfce: Revu E. O'Benn, Scaff Aszociste Banwnns Woic0T, Administrator Aoi samt on Chereal gine Ber acclImagng 19s) BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY avin S. ScHnasit, Tuavesaly of Chicago, Chai Rowea> C. Dyers, Univesity of Calirnie al San Diego, Vice ctair Toyo Anite 2036, Culversty of Sontivers Cal:o-ais Davp TI. Austo’, Kice Uuisenity Tea H. Hreseren, Yale Exivernity PaavtEn Cxa-om.iat, 1H) Tod, Wetser Rovoarch Center Sas oma 1. Paane, Calvesety of Califia at Santa Cee Hast Paavts anh, hos Alamos Sationel Leboratery JOM |. Feivouasy Manachceels Institut of lech ology Mageaest ©. Grier, Wa-vatd Smithsonien Center for Astophysice Mantes B. Havuns, Come] Tadiersity Witstae Karirraen, Terverd Uaiversity ALater Nawer Siadis, ational Lxboravorics Josean M, Provp, GTE Comoration Asraesy G8. Reapaean, Calfarve Joe Rogear ©. Micuasnson, Corvall Calsorsi JOwaSKA SEACUEL, Stele Loniver'zy or Mone York at Dagis T. Worewser, Princetor University te oF Tatas ny Bruok Sant Dusauu C, SEAvERO, Diseccor Romer“. Ruston, Awueiate Disector Daou Mongas, Siaff OFcer NAGASUA CASEY, Progia’h Assbtant Sunerasix ¥. Stomn, Sserete gine Ber accl Imaging 19s) COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATION Rorner J, Hestars, Unite: Nertnologes Corporation, Chait Sroensy T.. ATERA, Insitute for Adverced Stady Prren M. Basis, Euvizonmental Reeearc Institete of Méctigen Svisis T. CavRe, Masczdnscus lastitute of echaology L. Loris Heozova, WR. Grace & Compan; Jove #. Horcnerr, Comal Criverity Rrusna Heeans, Bayi Mawr Cslege SkunY A. dACKEOR, TS, Wudoas Regy atery Commisou event T, KeLUuRAANY, haiona, Radio Astronony '>eereatory Kas LanStoy, Rice Usvans: Troas A. Paunce, California Tnattute of Tecaaokey ener Sacns, Nalioval esti of Sracatieal Senses LiE, Scarce, Usisorsiy of Mmneeal row ‘T, Snes, Geforgia Enotisvle of Techn Caansns P. Seace ren, Tnivecity of [zols a. Polana-C aampalgn, ‘Ausin W. ‘Thiverrinct, Oak Ridge Xetional Labora:ory Sionrs: WisocRen, IBM Ts. Waszor Keseasea Com Caamies A. ZRaxer, MITRE Cocyocatior (retired Nowsas Maracen, Raeculive Dire gine Beraccl Imaging 19s) BOARD ON BIOBEIIAVIORAL SCTENCES. ‘AND MENTAL DISORDEI Jossan T. Cvs, Haraed Medical School, Cha uns Pras, University of Piccshmngh School ef Motisine, Vies-ebaie ‘Aumew: Banbce, Slanlord University Saczakp J. Bavstn, Univensiy of Vinginin Wrua E. Bowery, Ja, Us:vorsty of Celforia a: irvine Gen B, Buuioes, Weivesity of Ca ibe aa Sun Promses osaL A, FLLptan, Colaba Vniverty Beare A. Hasinrea, William‘. Grant Kssadation Juisue HocLase, Meworial Sloan-Welteriag C Drier 8. Totzaas, Tavvard Unie nis, Corueli Criversty Medial Coleg P. O'fhuuun, Urivessite of Poanoglonn ia Mel Conte Stecun §. SeaatsreL, Stoppard aad Eaouh Pratt Hostal Cony L.LiscaLR, Lnivermty of Caliorr'a ac Las Aagehs Suevuun G Waxuan, Yele Usiveniny Sat Comeraxcn M. Pacnmaa, Director Teng: SCAKLAN, Adzzinistvalive Aasietant gine Beraccl Imaging 19s) The Sationsl Aewlory uf Seicre i a peinco, nnapnedt, 0% porpecua hing soviets of atinguiehee achalare eamaged £1 eleallde and segiaeming estarch, dedicelad to be “uelhersren wl acinne aad feel logy naz tock ie fem the gereral wali, pon -be autLacd.y of tho cLerler sxc! is oy the Conguees in 1893. che Acaleny has a warcdace that requires F 20 advise te federal goverwwent ux ecu und welacal matters, De- Be ice Athen 's president of uy asiona. Acadomy of Sriencer. ‘The National Arademy of Thgiseating ae established in 1966, alee the dhariar a! Ue Selions! Qeslemy nf Srienees, a3 9 parallel organiza fading cngineese, Tt in aazmnor:ras ie ily r2ninialra¥on aad in the selection of ts atembers,sLaring with Ike Novinna! Acieeirs of Bee fecut the respanstifing far advieing Use feceral How Taw Nasious. Arader-y of lemmerm aly epuusice cuyiauising programe sireac at meet= jing uecioucl needs, easnureges ednration and researc, ere reeouulses sh acetic echiesarianta of rigineere, Dr. Hart’é Lishoesta is presidonn of the Natioral Acadeny vf Bagleveete Fae Institute of Medicine sas estalisted £4 1900 ag¢the Navin! Acad cay of Sciences lo fosnre th: nervous anvinsez etabers of appropzise pufestinge e eve exancinacien of policy mista pertwising to tae ealea of te public, The Insttace acts under the responattEty give lo Use Nation ten of Sriecses ay 12 confceseiocul c\ograr to 22. an advizar 20 Uh federal overeat aud, upon itevaee intiacve, to iéer=!fyisswes ef sed: cal coare ringteh. an? aduavien, De. Keanu 1 Shine Is previdene of the Instizeta of Medisine “Te Nasional Raseatch Covel wa oy Gf Selene in 2518 to eounriin uy hve conuanizy of acleace ee tae nivagy wit) the Acadetay's purpeece of fartbering Smslelge and advising Ue fesural gownen aout, Feratiantng in aacordia.ce will geauea pote ce etcsined hyp t Reader, the Couaed has 2cous the zvineipa’ aperalin agency of Luth lhe Nationa, Acogeny of Srienras and Vie eons ead OL Zugsicsing in providing services to Wve avceurzucut, tLe gute, snd che scleriis aid engincotiag eonauuaives. ‘Ls Comell is adminiseced jointly te of Medicine ‘Tr Bruns Shoots ar lip, Hareld Licbowite sae dt ver al ice chaieman, sper Jvely. of Lin ive ky “la Nasiona. Aeadeney fe $oUt Avadnimia aad the kn Baseus: Reveannd Causal ss2°g Pats of Erte Baraca maging 98 PREFACE Ve Consmitece om the Mullen aten aad Papeles of Laerging Deneorie Boosnodien! Imaging was cusstlavel 1. 1983 se give the charge 12 “ete areper: [ha a 2 of the amenging corswibrlivre of tae avert Feat scivaces and physte to denaccic biuuolical scagag vod idenilies ax teraramende stectie marhoayetica! erier.cas ar iysite eusecca t0 2 ile Use dovelouacent are ienplemantalion of rem mus eal srap'te #y fe its fs: aoweling, ie va aitren discarsed Cie outlune 2° bianca iscoging br vod prot feo reece involves “ro plasiists and wear 5, onlin is propried vapors, and ideatid ixdivibrale, Fete hein, ete eile eypplement ae conuial e's pustine cowie ing trate Sorvers and Le seated eeanarea opperactige, AL Js sXbeegusat ren meelings, Cie coucsston Crew on the lange quantity of vabtahio ct uy qocerace the money $f exchiuued, Its haged seat the preset re T arovde a rendide ‘einer ta ereging -ediigues uf Uemotica ioyiny or mackertatice. scene evé rysieiers and encnnraye some 9 thes te apply Jets bil to the sessacek challenger Uhar will mae those sauces te lignes orzcteal ‘The somuézter gravelly arennledyes ke savetaatia}cartritsciens anol ning people, aby piuviced macecal for Ze carcaittes ts IMcrpe ale ile ep Wehul Allacace. Hrocks Aix Force Buse overt Alfano, Cry Teivere'ty of Mes Yorke Simo A-ridge, Ce'varsty College, Lonen Wandall Barsaue, SUIY Hestt Seierce Certer at Brock: lution Barvert, University af Arizona Facies Berzysaat, Las zeavo Lvermare Natioral Laberetosy Dougag P, Bay, IMATROY We Briton Clever Uniseriny of Pannastoaria eryures Caen elf Cluck, Uni Temes G. Coshar, GE Mlice: Se2.urcs Meivert Oia, 3 Michel Delis, eseeelae: Polylwinie Testitate wh Eha Chesles L, Dumoulia, Getural Blectie R&D Center Alan ©. Tans, Montren’ Nenrnlg!sal lntinice Scart Fs on, Unversity of Carats G. Frenzone, Lnivecsity of Pavia EG. Fiey, Taieersis of Nosh Casula a, Chapel HI Mickatt Mi, Grabaca, Oaiversity ef Wastingtem Earica Geactea, Univesity of LLueis 23 Urbane Champaign eser 1. Green, Triversty af Bzistl Janes F. Grectleat, Mavo Clie ‘ran! T. Gruber, University of Tah Semnian Guewas, Eniverity of Nerch Carolina el Codatte E. Mark Iaarlo, Mssnchrodt Ieetitats of Radie.cay Deaa’s M. Healy, Darton Galle Maufvul Hoke, Cuizersivy of Muenster Poul W, Hughest, Lanveace Beskeley Nasioual Labarutors Tames Ilyde, Medical College of Wiscor-in W. hickoe, Wiekite Scate Ucrversty Seaver. A Joknsos, Tniversity of Utah Walon #. Johesor. Duke Cavers WE A. Kalender, Toivessity of Eslangen-h urembeng Lins Kashuaw, ATT Bec: Laluatosis Herald Kis, llarvard Med'cal School Mickadl A. Xiag, Ualvenssy of Macsechcsas Neliva, Subuol Mikel K tbanoe, University of Nenta Cavolins at Castlotte David Levin, Uaiversity of Chicago ram Lonm e1, Hniversing of Wael ing Jorge Liscer, Lewreace Detkolay Notional Laboratory smd Leetheanomer. University of hlasaster Albert Maver, Staufore, Uadcerily Radi §. Mexon, University af Western Ontario at London MickadL 1. Mes, Wasaiagton. Usivensity Chases Miurelta, Uuversity of Wisconsin at Madison Adviaa Mocha, Urivecity of Rockester Glade Nahiniae, Chedcke-MeMaster Horpitale Willian D. FHS, Je. Crivnasty al Mies a, DrhacaeChampaan Marehew O'Doaadll, Taivezeity of Michizan, Fas Ollingee, Weer nglan Cavers ‘Anuolf Oppelt, Seaexs Medics: Euzinsering Gxrap Wealer 9 Pepples, University of Wisconsin

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