Mathematical Puzzle Tales from Mount Olympus Mathematical Puzzle Tales from Mount Olympus uses fascinating tales from Greek Mythology as the background for introducing mathematics puzzles to the general public. A background in high school mathematics will be ample prepara- tion for using this book, and it should appeal to anyone who enjoys puzzles and recreational mathematics. Features • Combines the arts and science, and emphasizes the fact that mathemat- ics straddles both domains. • Great resource for students preparing for mathematics competitions, and the trainers of such students. Andy Liu obtained his doctorate in mathematics as well as a professional diploma in elementary education in 1976, qualifying him officially to teach from kinder- garten to graduate school. He was an academic at his alma mater for over thirty years, where he is currently a Professor Emeritus. During that period, he ran a mathematics circle for students in upper elementary or junior high schools. The members had published over fifty papers in scientific journals. Andy had served as the deputy leader of the USA team and the leader of the Canadian team in the International Mathematical Olympiad. He had chaired its Problem Committee once and was a member three other times. He had authored or co-authored eighteen books in mathematics, and had been credited as an edi- tor or a co-editor for several others. AK Peters/CRC Recreational Mathematics Series Series Editors Robert Fathauer Snezana Lawrence Jun Mitani Colm Mulcahy Peter Winkler Carolyn Yackel Tessellations Mathematics, Art, and Recreation Robert Fathauer Mathematics of Casino Carnival Games Mark Bollman Mathematical Puzzles Peter Winkler X Marks the Spot The Lost Inheritance of Mathematics Richard Garfinkle, David Garfinkle Luck, Logic, and White Lies The Mathematics of Games, Second Edition Jörg Bewersdorff Mathematics of The Big Four Casino Table Games Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette Mark Bollman Star Origami The StarrygamiTM Galaxy of Modular Origami Stars, Rings and Wreaths Tung Ken Lam Mathematical Recreations from the Tournament of the Towns Andy Liu, Peter Taylor The Baseball Mysteries Challenging Puzzles for Logical Detectives Jerry Butters, Jim Henle For more information about this series please visit: https://www.routledge.com/AK-PetersCRC- Recreational-Mathematics-Series/book-series/RECMATH?pd=published,forthcoming&pg=2&pp=12& so=pub&view=list Mathematical Puzzle Tales from Mount Olympus Andy Liu First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2023 Andy Liu CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@tandf. co.uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Liu, A. C. F. (Andrew Chiang-Fung), author. Title: Mathematical puzzle tales from Mount Olympus / Andy Liu. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : AK Peters/CRC Press, 2023. | Series: AK Peters/CRC Recreational Mathematics Series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022041652 (print) | LCCN 2022041653 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032424545 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032424187 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003362845 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Mathematical recreations. | Puzzles. | LCGFT: Puzzles and games Classification: LCC QA95 .L7648 2023 (print) | LCC QA95 (ebook) | DDC 793.74--dc23/eng20221121 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022041652 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022041653 ISBN: 978-1-032-42454-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-42418-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-36284-5 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003362845 Typeset in CMR10 font by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. Publisher’s note: This book has been prepared from camera-ready copy provided by the authors. To ROBERT GRAVES, who introduced me to the Greek Gods and Heroes, and NIKOLAY KONSTANTINOV, who founded the International Mathematics Tournament of the Towns Contents Preface xi Physical Geography of Ancient Greece xiii Urban Geography of Ancient Greece xv 1 The Boxing Matches 1 2 The First and Second Labors of Heracles 5 3 The Third and Fourth Labors of Heracles 9 4 The Fifth and Sixth Labors of Heracles 13 5 The Seventh and Eighth Labors of Heracles 19 6 The Ninth and Tenth Labors of Heracles 23 7 The Loss of the Pigs 27 8 The Planting of Barley 31 9 The Fruit Pies 35 10 The Palace Admittance Questionnaire 39 11 The Midas Touch 43 vii viii Contents 12 The Collapsing Beams 47 13 The Seating Plan 51 14 The Dana¨ıds 55 15 The Quarrelsome Residents 59 16 The Bears in the Caves 65 17 The Phrygian Music Festival 69 18 The Banquet Tickets 73 19 The Eleventh and Twelfth Labors of Heracles 77 20 The Summer Festival 83 21 The Great Amoeba Escape 87 22 The Rolling Stones 93 23 The Conscientious Birds 99 24 The Archipelago Tour 103 25 The Fireballs and Lightning Bolts 109 26 The Leaded Spears 113 27 The Triangular Palace 117 28 The Matching of Boxes and Keys 123 29 The Number-and-Coin Tricks 129 30 The Unguarded Gate 133