POPULAR LECTURES IN MATHEMATICS S. Straszewicz MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES from the Polish Mathematical Olympiads Pergamon Press PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers POPULAR LECTURES 18 MATHEMATICS Pra: 1, Seeonos wom M Seas, VOLUME 12 Mazkematical Problems and Puzzles from the Polish Mathematical Olympiads TITLES IS THE POPULAR LECTUUMS IN ‘MATHEMATICA SERIES aL Phe Stok of Motmoct Indurhos NOL Sim Arpt Sea Ma Yel. GemeriatSouircione Ving Gompue Dy ay BP. enoreae i? nam Prin Aer Hamer ‘Vol F Gonstie Nemes on Confran! Mpegs od San of Prntoan se tay of Hos Yok 1 Altona! Pritone ant Piste from the Pah Stohomotioas ‘gagine Mathematical Problems and Puzzles from the Polish Mathematical Olympiads TRASZEWICK JT SMOLEKA PERGAMON PREAS ORFORD - LONDON RDINBURETE. REW YORK PARIS BRANKFERT: PwN—POLisH PIIG PUBLISHERS Posouan Pres Ly 188 Ka 58 Cie Vine, 38 Qua he Seed Auras, Dace esguson Bow Ooi, Rafontene 1, Penafie nett 229828 AAW, Guys 160 ivf Geil Nuss “ahoney af Congas CONTENYS 4 5 Peas slemoe 5 vinting Senate Hogue ar B 8 cmtent B9.Sesien iow B30, tSeaonlehsl Tosnhrewivas PREFACE ‘Pars hove tate of the wovond Role ection, published in Gin, fs nBiee vars inpeorenmabe were rae, ‘The evatel for seuwndary sda! pupil Lrg se ae Mache tind Olaapad bev best hell Poland ney yor sins Toiniie, dee cogeuined: by the, Dosh Nathootaloal rn undcr cho superrbion of ths Miulatey of Huveation, hich pa “lave ts teary anvil mesos. Laser contol of the coutest iin the hare of ental Conpmitivo in Ware an of Re iatal Grinittns bn Rowen nies: townse Ts nash re TUitioe waheaniis profntow eallaborsie with seoonary ascol teacher ‘ecbipstion i eho contre ie colaranp. ‘hey ane open all muondseyoehest pif the sonrery hut in pete andiatee foe the Digenpit are mart foes the xt serie formas (9g 16 ty 18 “Tho Oljuiad compris thee sg. Stamm ore (Hoparatary) late tacughons Osteber, Novoror sant Drowenton ht the begaring ef cash rent te Caen cae sor crt ty eles chasm ey nh OF problem wlth pgs aor wswstsel ty seve at cually ‘working ab Beane, wlan Ube mits ia question. No ends 36 Inede ts ote whither they wor exnzely on ter owe, Tho pape SUldinie ay then mated by ther school the oppor een con sens, lune cy nen toarand The wat the fst ocltuhs are ten igus tv He ttyad aps ional) ontest. 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"The pupil wha have pronace tho bevt pepeae ae adult | t a Prune se the third lag) ene, whi lake iy nn ie ee mnt of Salad oon lg hat am ne he orionel coutst, The papers aro scrceed By tho Contre Com” Pits ond thn anthors 2 thin bist of thom ere awed Heat, ‘The penbiae sau tae eortte reine ory koe of sus mthematies (vo. dlamonisry alpera. peometey el ‘igonomecy) bus age on cho whelo moro dilalt than iho usa ‘elnalvatrebrs, Ther doar of lt, however, de novnierah, Fee come dtealntht oly He eno pe Dab ako Ghee of average abilty should with etain et risuage to solve say of the pmoboms aud gains nuaahor of Bovaty me the ronda, "Thisbok conan the oben soba be Best Bee Olypi, ena bean prepared ip order ta provide secondary cebu pups ‘wih ealtable topics fo be worked oat ou thet ove, indians I sollte, train nt extra thre Rovwinige of ute Imaties and Laatbg them i auatheataalcbinkbsg. Asendingly, ap claims of mest the poblona hae booa given ino eal ‘of iy, ths sender atfetion beng drow to various dcts af he woreuing: To tin, ever pron In er ord STAN saumareewitlhog goose 1 arr Sar ae f the Lopes in suet, Incusing vations capplawteataty date of clrventary macboreti:ontide the scape ot the soa ‘sion, "Thre oommentanen a given separa fe ra ‘Pravda Bthoeiag Use onal ‘This serigetent ul toe femteras hae besp afopted in order to ancke eho Doel cacy to oa even ftv aduteed pupil, wha eve skip ov He mori ‘orton in the amare ory lv eudy ees ‘el Tad in Ue itouetive examples of mathemat al ceasing lish may situate their oma bine i) pocing yavbleme nd aveling ratone, kx rao wanes 9 te oe foram Taye been vou, tsk aig pect seta eupendicus $Bheains, howeven be bon to show tha elution of problom tou nent Thou shock svetl sonsalione ade cate Uitte difrenc'ncraoa of tazening, Be wil bo cbeerred ‘hie pero uf the sokations icon rts hose ara don fy the file Unoacdsen. Tha fr astanee ploy 13 wat wivad Uy enue of gromtaie Lnemtien metic ALL) by ane of the Devtripa the Ted fig wad hm orig sorted TT) [Steuvang pollen 134 eas ad Dy s gertcptat ta the Fourch Ulpepinds Hb hae Sereatiy orm nt the Ulgmpice that [popilehavwe prevent difiregt molations roa. Uns expected Der the Counties, 8. Smasuemee PART ONE Arithmetic and Algebra