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MATHEMATICALMODELINGANDSOLUTIONAPPROACHESFOR BALANCINGTURKISHELECTRICITYDAYAHEADMARKET ATHESISSUBMITTEDTO THEGRADUATESCHOOLOFNATURALANDAPPLIEDSCIENCES OF MIDDLEEASTTECHNICALUNIVERSITY BY S˙INANYÖRÜKOG˘LU INPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTS FOR THEDEGREEOFMASTEROFSCIENCE IN INDUSTRIALENGINEERING SEPTEMBER2015 Approvalofthethesis: MATHEMATICALMODELINGANDSOLUTIONAPPROACHESFOR BALANCINGTURKISHELECTRICITYDAYAHEADMARKET submittedbySI˙NANYÖRÜKOG˘LUinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthe degree of Master of Science in Industrial Engineering Department, Middle East TechnicalUniversityby, Prof. Dr. GülbinDuralÜnver Dean,GraduateSchoolofNaturalandAppliedSciences Prof. Dr. MuratKöksalan HeadofDepartment,IndustrialEngineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. ZeynepMügeAvs¸ar Supervisor,IndustrialEngineeringDepartment,METU Dr. BoraKat Co-supervisor,TÜBI˙TAK ExaminingCommitteeMembers: Assist. Prof. Dr. MustafaKemalTural IndustrialEngineeringDepartment,METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. HakanGültekin IndustrialEngineeringDepartment,TOBBETU Assoc. Prof. Dr. ZeynepMügeAvs¸ar IndsutrialEngineeringDepartment,METU Assist. Prof. Dr. BanuLokman IndustrialEngineeringDepartment,METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Kürs¸adDerinkuyu LogisticsManagementDepartment,Universityof TurkishAeronauticalAssociation Date: I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that,asrequiredbytheserulesandconduct,Ihavefullycitedandreferencedall materialandresultsthatarenotoriginaltothiswork. Name,LastName: S˙INANYÖRÜKOG˘LU Signature : iv ABSTRACT MATHEMATICALMODELINGANDSOLUTIONAPPROACHESFOR BALANCINGTURKISHELECTRICITYDAYAHEADMARKET Yörükog˘lu,S˙ınan M.S.,DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. ZeynepMügeAvs¸ar Co-Supervisor : Dr. BoraKat September2015,95pages IntheTurkishElectricityMarket,electricitytradeiscarriedoutlargelythroughBilat- eralAgreementsandtheemergingshorttermimbalancesaresettledintheBalancing PowerMarket,particularlytheDayAheadMarket. IntheDayAheadMarket,thepar- ticipants submit their bids for each hour of the next day in the form of price-quantity pairs and the Market Operator evaluates those bids using an optimization tool. After the evaluation of the bids, a Market Clearing Price at every hour of the next day and the accepted bids are announced. In this thesis, a mathematical model for balancing a day in the Turkish Electricity Day Ahead Market is proposed. All types of bids, including hourly, block and flexible bids, are included in the model. As the objec- tive function of the model, “total economic welfare”, which is the sum of consumer surplusandproducersurplus,isused. Inthemodel,“paradoxicallyrejectedblockor- ders”arealsotakenintoconsiderationandabi-criteriasolutionapproachisproposed forthispurpose. Anextensionofthissolutionmethodisalsoappliedasasecondap- proach. Sincetheproposedmodelisamixedintegernon-linearprogrammingmodel, a linearapproximation to the objective function is proposedin order toovercome the possible problems at the solution phase. Both models are tested by using several dif- ferent,generateddatasets,andapplyingtheproposedbi-criteriasolutionapproaches. Bothsolutionapproachesincludetotaleconomicwelfareandthenumberofparadox- ically rejected block orders as the two criteria. The results and performance of the proposedmethodsandmodelsarediscussedattheendofthestudy. v Keywords: Electricity Sector, Day Ahead Market, Mixed Integer Non-linear Pro- gramming,ParadoxicallyRejectedOrders,Balancing/Clearing vi ÖZ TÜRK˙IYEGÜNÖNCES˙IELEKTR˙IKP˙IYASASIDENGELEMES˙I˙IÇ˙IN MATEMAT˙IKSELMODELLEMEVEÇÖZÜMYAKLAS¸IMLARI Yörükog˘lu,S˙ınan YüksekLisans,EndüstriMühendislig˘iBölümü TezYöneticisi :Doç.Dr.ZeynepMügeAvs¸ar OrtakTezYöneticisi :Dr.BoraKat Eylül2015,95sayfa TürkiyeElektrikPiyasası’nda,elektrikticaretininbüyükbirkısmıuzundönemli˙Ikili Anlas¸malar vasıtası ile yapılmakta, bu anlas¸malar sonrasında olus¸an kısa süreli den- gesizlikler ise bas¸ta Gün Öncesi Piyasası olmak üzere, Dengeleme Güç Piyasası’nda giderilmektedir. Gün Öncesi Piyasası’nda, katılımcıların bir sonraki günün her bir saati için ayrı ayrı fiyat-miktar ikilileri s¸eklinde verdig˘i teklifler, Piyasa ˙Is¸letmecisi tarafından bir optimizasyon aracı kullanılarak deg˘erlendirilir. Bu deg˘erlendirme so- nucunda, ertesi günün her bir saati için bir Piyasa Takas Fiyatı ve bu fiyata bag˘lı olarak kabul edilen teklif miktarları açıklanır. Bu çalıs¸mada Türkiye Gün Öncesi Pi- yasası’nınbirgünlükdengelenmesiiçinmatematikselbirmodelönerilmis¸tir.Bumo- delde piyasadaki tüm teklif tipleri (saatlik, blok ve esnek teklifler) dikkate alınmak- tadır. Modelin amaç fonksiyonu olarak, tüketici fazlası ve üretici fazlasının toplamı olan “toplam ekonomik refah” kullanılmıs¸tır. Modelin çözümünde ‘paradoksal red- dedilenblokteklifler’idegözönünealınmıs¸ vebuamaçlaçiftkriterlibirçözümyak- las¸ımı olus¸turulmus¸tur. ˙Ikinci bir çözüm yaklas¸ımı olarak, ilk yöntemin bir uzantısı kullanılmıs¸tır.Önerilenmatematikselmodelinkarıs¸ıktamsayılıdog˘rusalolmayanbir model olmasından kaynaklanan çözüm as¸amasındaki olası güçlükleri gidermek için amaç fonksiyonunun dog˘rusal yaklas¸tırması da önerilmis¸ ve bu modeller olus¸turu- lan farklı veri setleri üzerinden, önerilen çift kriterli çözüm yaklas¸ımları kullanılarak test edilmis¸tir. Çözüm yaklas¸ımlarındaki iki kriter olarak, toplam ekonomik refah ve vii paradoksal reddedilen blok teklif sayısı belirlenmis¸tir. Çalıs¸manın sonunda, önerilen yöntemlerinsonuçlarıveperformansıtartıs¸ılmıs¸tır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Elektrik Piyasası, Gün Öncesi Piyasası, Karıs¸ık Tamsayılı Dog˘- rusalOlmayanProgramlama,ParadoksalReddedilenTeklifler,Dengeleme viii Tomyfamily ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like thank my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zeynep Müge Avs¸ar for her continuous support, patiance and guidance during my study. She has been a very good and helpful instructor throughout the process. Also, I am thankful to my co-supervisor Dr. Bora Kat, who put a great deal of effort to help me especially with thedatagenerationandmodellingphases. Iwouldalsoliketothanktheexaminingcommitteemembersfortheirvaluablecom- mentsandcontributionstothisstudy. IhavetomentionTEIASanditsBoardofDirectorshere,whomademyworkalmost impossible by NOT providing any real data to test my model just because they ass- sume that I will violate the confidentiality agreement (because they would?) that we weresupposedtosign. I owe special thanks to my managers and collegues at AF Mercados EMI for letting mecontinueandfinishmymaster’sstudy. I would also like thank TÜB˙ITAK for providing a financial support during the first twoyearsofmygraduatestudy. Also,Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetomygirlfriend,MerveBaksi,for supporting and encouraging me throughout the whole period I was working on my thesis. Iwouldn’thavethemotivationtocompletemythesiswithouther. Lastbutnotleast,Iamverygratefultomyparentsandmywholefamilyfortheirlove andsupportthroughmyentirelife,decisionsandambitions. x

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the evaluation of the bids, a Market Clearing Price at every hour of the next day and In this thesis, a mathematical model for balancing a day in genes in the algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate their fitness.
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