Maternal Distress and Postnatal Depression: The Myth of Madonna PDF
Preview Maternal Distress and Postnatal Depression: The Myth of Madonna
MATERNAL DISTRESS AND POSTNATAL DEPRESSION The Myth of Madonna Other booksbylane Littlewood ASPECTS OFGRIEF APPLIED RESEARCH FORBETTER PRACTICE* (with A.Everitt, P.Hardikerand A.MuHender) MISCONSTRUING THEFEMININE: SOCIAL CHANGE ANDSOCIAL CONTROL* (forthcoming) THE WIDOWS' TALES: CONSTRUCTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF WIDOWHOOD* (forthcoming) *alsopublishedby Macmillan MATERNAl DISTRESS AND POSTNATAL DEPRESSION The Myth of Madonna [ane Littlewood Senior Lecturer in SodaI Policy and Politics Goldsmiths' College,University of London Nessa McHugh Lecturer in Midwifery OeMontfort University, Leicester ~ MACMIUAN ©[aneLittlewoodand NessaMcHugh 1997 Allrightsreserved. Noreproduction, copyortransmissionof this publicationmaybemade withoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthis publicationmaybereproduced,copiedor transmittedsavewith writtenpermissionorinaccordancewith the provisions ofthe Copyright. Designsand PatentsAct1988. orunderthe terms ofany licencepermittinglimitedcopying issuedbythe Copyright Licensing Agency,90TottenhamCourt Road,London W1P 9HE. Anypersonwhodoesany unauthorisedact inrelationtothis publicationmaybeliabletocriminalprosecutionand civil claimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedasthe authorsofthis work inaccordancewith the Copyright, Designs and PatentsAct1988. Firstpublished1997by MACMILLANPRESSLTD Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS and London Companies and representatives throughoutthe world ISBN 978-0-333-63834-7 ISBN 978-1-349-13755-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13755-8 Acataloguerecord forthis bookisavailable fromthe BritishLibrary. Thisbookisprintedonpaper suitableforrecyclingand madefromfullymanagedand sustainedforestsources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 Editingand originationby AardvarkEditorial, Mendham,Suffolk Par Olive andVivian Writtenin the understandingthatbirth, likedeath, isa process thatshouldnot. in ordinarycircumstances, be mlnlmlsed,denied, manipulatedor controlled. Contents List01rabIesandFigures viii Acknowiedgements ix Introduction 1 Part One: Models of Maternal Distress and Depression 5 1 Maternity and madness 7 2 Distressing eventsoccurringat or around the time of childbirth 27 3 Psychologicalapproaches todistress and depressionfollowingchildbirth 49 4 Sociological explanations of the origins of postnataldistress and depression 68 Part Two: Women's Experiences and Incidents Associated withDistress and Depression Following Childbirth 87 5 Childbirth as a rite of passage: the mythof Madonna 89 6 Motherhoodand the experienceof distress and depression 105 7 Motherhood, lossand distress following childbirth 129 8 When a babydies 145 9 Helping women who become distressed and/ordepressed followingchildbirth 163 Appendices 183 IlndicatorsofsuccessinChangingChildbirth 185 11 TheEdinburgh PostnatalDepressionScale 186 III Probableand potentialinterventionsduringlabour and childbirth 189 IV Organisationsthatofferhelptomothersexperiencing depressionand otherformsofpostnataldistress 197 NameIndex 207 Subject Index 211 vii List of Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Response toconcernsoverpoor health 13 2.1 Threestagesof postnataldepression/premenstrual syndrome 30 2.2 Asummaryof theframework of birthtrauma 39 3.1 Parentalorientation andsystem of beliefs 53 3.2 Examples from theSocialReadjustmentRatingScale 63 6.1 The ICn 10 classificationof puerperaldisorders 106 6.2 Postpartumspecifier 107 7.1 Causes of pretermbirth 130 7.2 Pretermbirth as an abnormal transition 131 9.1 Ante- and postnatalcontactwith health professionals 166 Figures 2.1 The cascadeof intervention:an induction 34 7.1 Ageneralmodel of copingwhen the outcome of motherhood isuncertain 141 viii Acknowledgements This book initially grew out of research concerned with postnatal depression, stillbirthandneonataldeath. Many discussionswere held by a group of researchers concerned with Women and Welfare at GoldsmithsCollege,University of London. Wewould liketo thankthe groupfortheir interest,theircontributions and their patience.Many women who had suffered from postnatal depression were also kind enough to agree to contribute. We would like to thank them all for their honesty and their courage in speaking openly about an extremelypainfulexperience. Wehope thattheywillfeelfairlyrepre sented by what is'wrltten here and that their experiences will be betterunderstood. Thisworkhas alsobenefltedgreatlyfromthe manyotherresearchers who havewrittenaboutthis area inan attempttopromoteamoreopen discussion of women's experiences of postnatal depression. Wewould liketothankthemall. Weowe particularthanks to LesleyTaylor forher support and her valuable work concerningthe experiencesof women who have given birth preterm. We also owe thanks to Carole Walker and Vivian Dhaliwal: to Carole for her support and practical assistance, and to Vivian forhervaluablecontributionsandsecretarialsupport. [ane Littlewood would also liketo thank Malcolm Nicholas for his resolute support and his valuablecomments upon earlier versions of thismanuscript. Everyeffort hasbeen made to traceallthecopyrightholders but,if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleasedto make the necessaryarrangementat thefirst opportunity. ix
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