Materials to the spider fauna of Podolish Wood-and-Steppe (Ukraine)

9 Pages·2003·0.16 MB·

by  V E Guryanova

Vestnik zoologii, 37(5): 3–11, 2003 Ôàóíà è ñèñòåìàòèêà
© Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà, 2003
ÓÄÊ 595.44:574(477.43)
ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ Ê ÔÀÓÍÅ ÏÀÓÊÎÂ
ÏÎÄÎËÜÑÊÎÉ ËÅÑÎÑÒÅÏÈ (ÓÊÐÀÈÍÀ)
Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà
Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû,
óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 15, Êèåâ-30, ÃÑÏ, 01601 Óêðàèíà
E-mail: [email protected]
Ïîëó÷åíî 21 ôåâðàëÿ 2003
Ìàòåðèàëû ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè (Óêðàèíà). Ãóðüÿíîâà Â. Å. — Â êîëëåêöèè
ïàóêîâ, ñîáðàííîé â èþíå 1982 ã. â ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì çàêàçíèêå «Ïàíîâåöêàÿ äà÷à» (Êàìåíåö-
Ïîäîëüñêèé ð-í, Õìåëüíèöêàÿ îáë., Óêðàèíà), èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíî 154 âèäà, èç êîòîðûõ 135
âïåðâûå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ äëÿ ýòîé ìåñòíîñòè. Äàíà òàáëèöà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âñåõ îáíàðóæåííûõ âèäîâ
ïî îñíîâíûì áèîòîïàì Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè. Îïðåäåëåíà ñïåöèôè÷íîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ ïàóêîâ
êàæäîãî èç ýòèõ áèîòîïîâ. Äëÿ ñàìîê íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ âûïîëíåíû îðèãèíàëüíûå ðèñóíêè
ïðîñâåòëåííîé ýïèãèíû.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïàóêè, ôàóíà, Ëåñîñòåïü, Êàìåíåö-Ïîäîëüñêèé, Óêðàèíà.
Materials to the Spider Fauna of Podolian Wood-and-Steppe (Ukraine). Guryanova V.E. —154 spider
species colleced in the ‘’Panovietzkaja Datscha’’ Reserve (Kamienietz-Podolski district, Khmelnitsky
region, Ukraine) in June 1982 were identified. 135 species are recorded from this area for the first time.
The table of spider species distribution in the principal biotopes of the Podolian wood-and-steppe is
provided. The specificity of spider population was determined for each biotope. Original pictures of the
cleared epigyne are provided for females of certain species.
Key words: spiders, fauna, wood-and-steppe, Kamienietz-Podolski, Ukraine.
Ââåäåíèå
 ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Óêðàèíû ÷èñëèòñÿ áîëåå 800 âèäîâ (Ìèõàéëîâ, 1997). Îäíàêî òåððèòîðèÿ
ñòðàíû âñå åùå îñòàåòñÿ èçó÷åííîé äàëåêî íå ïîëíî. Ïî ðÿäó ðåãèîíîâ ñâåäåíèÿ îòðûâî÷íû, à
îïðåäåëåíèÿ íå âñåãäà äîñòîâåðíû. Ìåæäó òåì èíâåíòàðèçàöèÿ îáúåêòîâ æèâîé ïðèðîäû — îäíà èç
îñíîâîïîëàãàþùèõ ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè. Äàííûå ïî èíâåíòàðèçàöèè ôàóíû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ôóíäàìåíòîì
äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèé ðàçëè÷íûõ íàïðàâëåíèé è, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, — ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ.  ïîñëåäíåå
âðåìÿ áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå ïðèäàåòñÿ îõðàíå íå îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ, à èõ ñîîáùåñòâ.  ýòîé ñâÿçè îñîáîå
âíèìàíèå óäåëÿåòñÿ èíâåíòàðèçàöèè êîìïîíåíòîâ ôàóíû íà òåððèòîðèÿõ çàïîâåäíèêîâ, öåëèííûå
ó÷àñòêè êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñâîåîáðàçíûì ýòàëîíîì ïðèðîäû (Êðèâîëóöêèé, Ïîêàðæåâñêèé, 1988).
Èíòåðåñóÿñü ðàçíîîáðàçèåì ôàóíû ïàóêîâ Åâðîïåéñêîé ëåñîñòåïè, àâòîð äàííîé ïóáëèêàöèè è
Ã. Â. Êîáåíåê â 1982 ã. ïðåäïðèíÿëè ýêñïåäèöèîííûé âûåçä â Âîëûíî-Ïîäîëüñêèé ðåãèîí ýòîé
ïðèðîäíî-êëèìàòè÷åñêîé çîíû. Ðàáîòà ïðîâîäèëàñü ñ 7 ïî 27 èþíÿ â Êàìåíåö-Ïîäîëüñêîì ð-íå
Õìåëüíèöêîé îáë., âáëèçè ñ.Ïàíîâöû íà òåððèòîðèè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàêàçíèêà «Ïàíîâåöêàÿ äà÷à».
 «Êàòàëîãå ðóññêèõ ïàóêîâ» Ä. Å. Õàðèòîíîâà (1932) è â «Äîïîëíåíèè ê êàòàëîãó ðóññêèõ
ïàóêîâ» òîãî æå àâòîðà (1936) äëÿ îêð. ã. Êàìåíåö-Ïîäîëüñêèé ïðèâåäåíî 37 âèäîâ. Ñâåäåíèÿ îñ-
íîâàíû íà ìàòåðèàëàõ äâóõ ðàáîò Ã.Áåëüêå (Belke, 1853, 1859), ñîäåðæàùèõ 15 (ïåðâàÿ) è 20 (âòîðàÿ)
âèäîâ, è ðàáîòå Â. È. Ïåðåëåøèíîé (1931), ãäå äëÿ ýòîãî ðàéîíà óêàçàíî 18 âèäîâ ïàóêîâ. Ýòèìè
ñîîáùåíèÿìè èñ÷åðïûâàþòñÿ ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå îá àðàíåîôàóíå ìåñòíîñòè, ïðèðîäà êîòîðîé áî-
ãàòà è ðàçíîîáðàçíà.
Çàêàçíèê «Ïàíîâåöêàÿ äà÷à» íàõîäèòñÿ â äîëèíå ðåêè Ñìîòðè÷ (ïðèòîê ð. Äíåñòð), èìåþùåé
íà ýòîì ó÷àñòêå êàíüîíîîáðàçíûé õàðàêòåð. Ñþäà ïîäõîäÿò õîëìû Òîëòðîâîãî êðÿæà, ãåîëîãè÷åñêóþ
îñíîâó êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿþò èçâåñòíÿêè. Ïðàâûå ñêëîíû ðå÷íîé äîëèíû è ïðèëåæàùèå âîëíèñòûå
ïëàêîðû ïîêðûâàþò ëåñà. Ýòî íåáîëüøîé þãî-âîñòî÷íûé ìàññèâ òèïè÷íûõ äëÿ Çàïàäíîé Ïîäîëèè
ãðàáîâî-äóáîâûõ, ãðàáîâûõ è äóáîâûõ ëåñîâ, ñðåäíèé âîçðàñò êîòîðûõ 70 ëåò. Â çàêàçíèêå ïî
ïëîùàäè ïðåîáëàäàþò ãðàáîâî-äóáîâûå ëåñà. Äðåâîñòîé â òàêèõ ëåñàõ èìååò äâóõúÿðóñíîå ñòðîåíèå
è âûñîêóþ ñîìêíóòîñòü êðîí. Ïåðâûé ÿðóñ îáðàçóåò äóá ÷åðåø÷àòûé, âòîðîé— ãðàá îáûêíîâåííûé.
4 Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà
Êðîìå îñíîâíûõ ïîðîä çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ëèïà è êëåí, à â ïîäëåñêå — ëåùèíà, æèìîëîñòü, áåðå-
ñêëåò, ñâèäèíà êðîâàâî-êðàñíàÿ.  ãóñòîì òðàâîñòîå ïðåîáëàäàþò îáû÷íûå äëÿ øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ
ëåñîâ Ïîäîëèè âèäû: îñîêà âîëîñèñòàÿ, çâåçä÷àòêà ëàíöåòîâèäíàÿ, ïåðëîâíèê ïîíèêøèé, ñíûòü
îáûêíîâåííàÿ, ìåäóíèöà íåÿñíàÿ è äð. Ñóõèå è òåïëûå ñêëîíû þæíîé ýêñïîçèöèè çàíèìàåò ñòåïíàÿ
ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü: ôîðìàöèè îñîêè íèçêîé, òûðñû, òèï÷àêà (Øåëÿã-Ñîñîíêî è äð., 1980).
Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû
Ñáîð ïàóêîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëè ñëåäóþùèìè ìåòîäàìè: ëîâóøêè Áàðáåðà, êîøåíèå ýíòîìîëîãè÷åñ-
êèì ñà÷êîì, ðó÷íîé ñáîð èç ïíåé è ñî ñòâîëîâ äåðåâüåâ, èç-ïîä êàìíåé è äðóãèõ åñòåñòâåííûõ
óêðûòèé æèâîòíûõ. Áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû ó÷àñòêè ïîä ïîëîãîì ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ; ïîëÿíû, ïðîñåêè è
îïóøêè ýòèõ ëåñîâ; ìîëîäûå ïîñàäêè äóáà è ãðåöêîãî îðåõà â ãðàáîâîì ëåñó (ïèòîìíèêè); ó÷àñòêè
ñòåïè íà ïðàâîì áåðåãó Ñìîòðè÷à; ùåáíèñòûå ñêëîíû ïðàâîãî áåðåãà, ïîðîñøèå ëóãîâûì ðàçíî-
òðàâüåì (îêîëîâîäíûå) èëè îáíàæåííûå (ñóõèå).
Ðåçóëüòàòû è îáñóæäåíèå
 ñîáðàííîé íàìè êîëëåêöèè ïàóêîâ èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíî 154 âèäà. Ïðè îï-
ðåäåëåíèè ðÿäà âèäîâ äëÿ óòî÷íåíèÿ äèàãíîçà ïî èçâåñòíîé ìåòîäèêå (Ôåäîòîâ,
1912) áûëè èçãîòîâëåíû ìèêðîïðåïàðàòû ïðîñâåòëåííîé ýïèãèíû (ðèñ.2–17).
Èç ðàíåå èçâåñòíûõ â îêð. Êàìåíåö-Ïîäîëüñêà 37 âèäîâ ïàóêîâ îáùèìè ñ
íàøèì ñïèñêîì, ïðè ó÷åòå ñîâðåìåííîé ñèíîíèìèè (Ìèõàéëîâ, 1997), îêàçà-
ëèñü ñëåäóþùèå 19 øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ â ëåñîñòåïè âèäîâ: Achaearanea lu-
nata (Clerck, 1757), Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757), Araneus diadematus (Clerck,
1757), Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802), Allohogna singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770),
Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861), P. amentata (Clerck, 1757), Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck,
1757), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757), Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758),
Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802), Micromata roseum (Clerck, 1757), Tibellus
oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802), Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757), Misumenops tricuspidata
(Fabricius, 1775), Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757), Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer,
1802), H. flavipes (Hahn, 1832), Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757). Ïðî÷èå 135 âèäîâ
íàøåé êîëëåêöèè äîïîëíÿþò ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â íàñòîÿùåå
âðåìÿ ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î 172 âèäàõ ïàóêîâ, çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ
ã. Êàìåíåö-Ïîäîëüñêèé.
Ïðåäñòàâëåííîñòü îáíàðóæåííûõ íà-
ìè âèäîâ â îñíîâíûõ áèîòîïàõ ðåãèîíà
ïîêàçàíà â òàáëèöå 1. 89 âèäîâ ïàóêîâ
íàéäåíî â ïðèïî÷âåííîì ÿðóñå è ïîä
êàìíÿìè.  òàáëèöå 1 îíè îòìå÷åíû
çâåçäî÷êîé (*). Îñòàëüíûå âçÿòû èç ðàç-
íûõ ÿðóñîâ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè.
Ñîïîñòàâëåíèå áèîòîïîâ ïî âèäîâî-
ìó ñîñòàâó èõ àðàíåîôàóí ïðîâåäåíî ñ
ïîìîùüþ êîýôôèöèåíòà ñõîäñòâà P.Æàê-
êàðà (Jaccard, 1901) (òàáë. 2). Äåíäðî-
ãðàììà (ðèñ. 1) ïîñòðîåíà ïî ìåòîäó îäè-
íî÷íîãî ïðèñîåäèíåíèÿ (ìåòîä áëèæíåãî
ñîñåäà) (Ïåñåíêî, 1982).
Îáðàáîòêà ïîëó÷åííûõ äàííûõ ñâè-
äåòåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî íà îáñëåäîâàí-
íîé òåððèòîðèè íàèáîëüøåé ñïåöèôè÷-
Ðèñ. 1. Äåíäðîãðàììà ñõîäñòâà áèîòîïîâ íîñòüþ îáëàäàåò ôàóíà ùåáíèñòûõ îá-
ïî äàííûì òàáëèöû 2 (óñëîâíûå îáîçíà-
íàæåííûõ ñêëîíîâ êàíüîíà ð. Ñìîòðè÷.
÷åíèÿ òå æå).
Èç íàéäåííûõ çäåñü 21 âèäà — 9 (42,9%)
Fig. 1. Dendrogram for biotopes similarity ac-
ñïåöèôè÷íû äëÿ äàííîãî ìåñòîîáèòà-
cording to the data of the table 2 (conventional
signs are the same). íèÿ. Äîâîëüíî âûñîêèé ïðîöåíò ñïåöè-
Ìàòåðèàëû ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè … 5
Ðèñ. 2–9. Êîïóëÿòèâíûå îðãàíû ñàìîê ïàóêîâ (ïðîñâåòëåííàÿ ýïèãèíà): 2— Achaearanea tepidariorum;
3 — Theridion simile; 4 — Porrhomma microphthalmum; 5 — Entelecara acuminata; 6 — E.erythropus; 7 —
E. forsslundi; 8 — Gnathonarium dentatum; 9 — Micrargus subaequalis.
Fig. 2–9. Copulation organs of spider females (epigyne cleared): 2 — Achaearanea tepidariorum; 3 —
Theridion simile; 4 — Porrhomma microphthalmum; 5 — Entelecara acuminata; 6 — E. erythropus; 7 —
E.forsslundi; 8 — Gnathonarium dentatum; 9 — Micrargus subaequalis.
6 Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà
Ðèñ. 10–17. Êîïóëÿòèâíûå îðãàíû ñàìîê ïàóêîâ (ïðîñâåòëåííàÿ ýïèãèíà): 10 — Walckenaeria antica;
11— W. atrotibialis; 12— W. furcillata; 13— Pardosa fulvipes; 14— Pirata latitans; 15— Euophrys erratica;
16 — E. petrensis; 17 — Sitticus penicillatus.
Fig. 10–17. Copulation organs of spider females (epigyne cleared): 10 — Walckenaeria antica; 11 —
W.atrotibialis; 12— W. furcillata; 13— Pardosa fulvipes; 14— Pirata latitans; 15— Euophrys erratica; 16—
E. petrensis; 17 — Sitticus penicillatus.
Ìàòåðèàëû ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè … 7
Òàáëèöà 1. Íàñåëåíèå ïàóêîâ îñíîâíûõ áèîòîïîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè
Table 1. Spider population of principal biotopes of Podolian wood-and-steppe
Áèîòîïû
Ëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Êàìíè, ùåáåíü
Îïóø- Ïè-
Ñåìåéñòâî, âèä
êè òîì- Ñòåïü îáðîñ- îáíà-
ïîä ïîëÿíû,
ëåñà íèêè øèå, æåíèÿ
ïîëîãîì ïðîñåêè
ñûðûå ñóõèå
ATYPIDAE
* Atypus muralis Bertkau, 1890 – – + – + – –
SEGESTRIIDAE
* Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) – – – – – + –
DYSDERIDAE
* Dysdera hungarica Kulczynski, 1897 – – – – – – +
* Harpactea saeva (O. Herman, 1879) + + + + – + –
THERIDIIDAE
Achaearanea lunata (Clerck, 1757) + + + – – – –
A. tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841) + – – – – – –
Dipoena melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837) – – + – – – –
Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) + + + + + + –
* E. thoracica (Hahn, 1833) – – – – – – +
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 – – – + – – –
* Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch, 1836) – – + – – – –
* Robertus neglectus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) + + – – – – –
* Steatoda phalerata (Panzer, 1801) – – + – + – –
* Theridion bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1767) – + + + – – –
* T. nigrovariegatum Simon, 1873 – – – – – + –
T. simile C. L. Koch, 1836 – – + – – – –
* T. suaveolens (Simon, 1879) – – – – + – –
T. tinctum (Walckenaer, 1802) + – – – – – –
T. varians (Hahn, 1833) + + + + – – –
LINYPHIIDAE (LINYPHIINAE)
* Agyneta rurestris (C. L. Koch, 1836) – + – – + – –
* Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring, 1851) – + + – – – –
* Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) + – – + – – –
* Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834) + + + + – – –
Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1832) + – – – – – –
* Lepthyphantes flavipes (Blackwall, 1854) + + – – – – –
* L. mengei Kulczynski, 1887 + – + – – – –
Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830 + + – + – + –
* Macrargus rufus (Wider, 1834) + – – – – – –
* Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830) + + + + – – –
N. emphana (Walckenaer, 1841) + + – – – – –
N. radiata (Walckenaer, 1841) + + + + – + –
* Porrhomma microphthalmum – + + – – – –
(O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
(ERIGONINAE)
* Ceratinella maior Kulczynski, 1894 – – – + – – –
* C. scabrosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) + – – – – – –
* Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall, 1834) – + + + – – –
* Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833) – + – – – + –
* D. latifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) + – – – – – –
* D. picinus (Blackwall, 1841) + – + + – – –
* Entelecara acuminata (Wider, 1834) + + + – – – –
E. erythropus (Westring, 1851) + – – – – – –
E. flavipes (Blackwall, 1834) – – + + – – –
8 Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà
Ïðîäîëæåíèå òàáë. 1
Áèîòîïû
Ëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Êàìíè, ùåáåíü
Îïóø- Ïè-
Ñåìåéñòâî, âèä
êè òîì- Ñòåïü îáðîñ- îáíà-
ïîä ïîëÿíû,
ëåñà íèêè øèå, æåíèÿ
ïîëîãîì ïðîñåêè
ñûðûå ñóõèå
E. forsslundi Tullgren, 1955 – – – + – – –
* Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833 – – – – + – –
* Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834) – – + – – – –
* Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854) + – + + – – –
* M. subaequalis (Westring, 1851) – – + – + – –
Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851) + – – – – – –
* Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850) – – + – – – –
* Walckenaeria antica (Wider, 1834) + – – – – – –
* W. atrotibialis O. P.-Cambridge, 1878 + – + + – – –
* W. furcillata (Menge, 1869) + – – + – – –
TETRAGNATHIDAE
Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757) – + + + – – –
* Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 – – + + – – –
* P. listeri Sundevall, 1830 + + + + – + –
Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 + + + – – + –
T. pinicola L. Koch, 1870 + + + + – – –
ARANEIDAE
Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763) – – + – + – –
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 + + + + – + –
A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757 + + + + – + –
Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) + + + + – + –
Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) – – + + + – –
Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772) + + + + – + –
Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802) – + + + – – –
Hypsosinga albovittata (Westring, 1851) – – – – + – –
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) – – + – – + –
L. patagiatus (Clerck, 1757) – – + – – + –
Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) – + + + + – –
Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757) – – – + – – –
Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802) + + – – – – –
LYCOSIDAE
* Allohogna singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770) – – – – + – –
* Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805) – – + + + + +
* Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) – – – + + – –
* P. amentata (Clerck, 1757) + + + – – + –
* P. fulvipes (Collett, 1875) – – – + – – –
* P. hortensis (Thorell, 1872) – – – – + – +
* P. lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) + + + + – + –
* P. monticola (Clerck, 1757) – – + – + – –
* P. paludicola (Clerck, 1757) – – – + – – –
* P. palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) – – – + – – –
* Pirata hygrophilus Thorell, 1872 – + – – – – –
* P. latitans (Blackwall, 1841) – + – – – – –
* Tarentula accentuata (Latreille, 1817) – – + – + – –
* T. cursor (Hahn, 1831) – – – – + – –
* T. pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) – – + + – – –
* T. trabalis (Clerck, 1757) – – + + – + –
Ìàòåðèàëû ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè … 9
Ïðîäîëæåíèå òàáë. 1
Áèîòîïû
Ëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Êàìíè, ùåáåíü
Îïóø- Ïè-
Ñåìåéñòâî, âèä
êè òîì- Ñòåïü îáðîñ- îáíàæå
ïîä ïîëÿíû,
ëåñà íèêè øèå, íèÿ
ïîëîãîì ïðîñåêè
ñûðûå ñóõèå
* Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876) – – – – + – +
* T. terricola Thorell, 1856 + – + + + – –
* Xerolycosa miniata (C. L. Koch, 1834) – – – + + – –
PISAURIDAE
Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) – + + + + – –
AGELENIDAE
Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) – – + + – – –
* Coelotes inermis (L. Koch, 1855) + – + – – – –
DICTYNIDAE
Argenna subnigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) – – – – – + –
Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758) – + + + – – –
D. uncinata Thorell, 1856 + + + – – – –
Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830) + – – – – – –
TITANOECIDAE
* Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn, 1833) – – – – – – +
OXYOPIDAE
Oxyopes ramosus (Martini et Goeze, 1778) – – – + – – –
ANYPHAENIDAE
Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802) + – + – – – –
LIOCRANIDAE
* Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833) + + – + – – –
* A. cuprea Menge, 1873 – – – – + – –
* Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835) – – – + – – –
CLUBIONIDAE
Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875 – – – + – – –
Ch. pennyi O. P.-Cambridge, 1873 – – + – + – –
Clubiona caerulescens L. Koch, 1867 + + + + – + –
C. lutescens Westring, 1851 – + + – – + –
C. marmorata (L. Koch, 1866) – – – – + – –
GNAPHOSIDAE
* Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) – – – – + + +
* D. pubescens (Thorell, 1856) – – + – + – –
* Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) – – – – + – +
* D. pumilus (C. L. Koch, 1839) – – + – + – +
* D. pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833) – – – – + – –
* D. villicus (Thorell, 1875) – + + – – – –
* Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833) – – + – – – –
* G. lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) – – – – – – +
* Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833) – – + + – – –
* Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + – – – – – –
* Trachyzelotes pedestris (C. L. Koch, 1837) – – + – – – –
ZORIDAE
* Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861) + – – – – – –
* Z. pardalis Simon, 1878 – – – – – – +
* Z. spinimana (Sundevall, 1832) – + + + – + –
SPARASSIDAE
Micromata roseum (Clerck, 1757) + + + + – – –
PHILODROMIDAE
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) – + + + – – –
10 Â. Å. Ãóðüÿíîâà
Îêîí÷àíèå òàáë. 1
Áèîòîïû
Ëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Êàìíè, ùåáåíü
Îïóø- Ïè-
Ñåìåéñòâî, âèä
êè òîì- Ñòåïü îáðîñ- îáíàæå
ïîä ïîëÿíû,
ëåñà íèêè øèå, íèÿ
ïîëîãîì ïðîñåêè
ñûðûå ñóõèå
Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872 – – + – + – +
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802) – – – + + – –
THOMISIDAE
Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) – – + – – – –
Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) – + + + + – –
Misumenops tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) – + + + + – –
* Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837) – – + – – – –
* O. praticola (C. L. Koch, 1837) + – – + – – –
* O. pullata (Thorell, 1875) – – – – + – –
Thomisus albus (Gmelin, 1789) – – – – + – –
Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) – – + – – – –
T. stellio Simon, 1875 – – + – – – –
* Xysticus cambridgei (Blackwall, 1858) + – + + – – –
X. cristatus (Clerck, 1757) – + + + + – –
* X. kochi Thorell, 1872 – – + – + – +
X. ulmi (Hahn, 1831) – – – + + – –
SALTICIDAE
* Asianellus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1834) – – – – + – +
Ballus depressus (Walckenaer, 1802) + + + + – – –
Bianor aurocinctus (Ohlert, 1865) – – + – – – –
Euophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1825) – – + – – – –
* E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) – – – – – – +
* E. petrensis C. L. Koch, 1837 – – – – – – +
Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) – – + + + – –
E. falcata (Clerck, 1757) – + + + + + –
Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835 – – – + – – –
* H. cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802) – + + + + + +
H. dubius C. L. Koch, 1835 – – + – – – –
H. flavipes (Hahn, 1832) – – – + + – –
* Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778) – – + – – – –
* Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) – – – – – – +
* Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) – – + – + – +
* Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) – – – – – + +
* Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) – – – – – – +
Îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî âèäîâ â áèîòîïå 50 49 85 65 45 27 21
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñïåöèôè÷íûõ âèäîâ 12 2 15 11 10 3 9
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñïåöèôè÷íûõ âèäîâ, % 24 4,1 17,6 16,9 22,2 11,1 42,9
* Âèäû íàéäåíû â ïðèïî÷âåííîì ÿðóñå è ïîä êàìíÿìè.
ôè÷íûõ âèäîâ (22,2%) îáíàðóæåí â ñòåïè, íàèìåíüøèé (4,1%) — íà ëåñíûõ
ïîëÿíàõ è ïðîñåêàõ.
Àíàëèç ôàóíèñòè÷åñêîãî ñõîäñòâà áèîòîïîâ (òàáë. 2, ðèñ. 1) âûÿâëÿåò ðåçêîå
ðàçëè÷èå ìåæäó äâóìÿ ãðóïïàìè áèîòîïîâ: ìåçîãèãðîôèòíûìè (À, Á, Â, Ã, Å) è
êñåðîôèòíûìè (Ä, Æ) áèîòîïàìè. Âåëè÷èíà ñõîäñòâà èõ ôàóí — 0,07.  ïåðâîé
ãðóïïå íàèáîëåå ñõîäíû ïèòîìíèêè, ëåñíûå îïóøêè è ïîëÿíû (0,42–0,39).
Ñõîäñòâî áèîòîïîâ âòîðîé ãðóïïû — ñòåïè è ùåáíèñòûõ ñêëîíîâ êàíüîíà, â ñè-
ëó òîãî, ÷òî êàæäûé èç ýòèõ áèîòîïîâ èìååò äîâîëüíî âûñîêèé ïðîöåíò ñïåöè-
Ìàòåðèàëû ê ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Ïîäîëüñêîé ëåñîñòåïè … 11
Òàáëèöà 2. Ôàóíèñòè÷åñêîå ñõîäñòâî áèîòîïîâ (êîýôôèöèåíò Æàêêàðà)
Table 2. Faunistic similarity of biotopes (Zakkar’s index)
Áèîòîï À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ
À –
Á 0,36 –
 0,28 0,41 –
à 0,30 0,39 0,42 –
Ä 0,02 0,11 0,23 0,18 –
Å 0,20 0,31 0,22 0,21 0,07 –
Æ 0 0,01 0,06 0,07 0,20 0,09 –
Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: À — ëåñ (ïîä ïîëîãîì); Á — ëåñ (ïîëÿíû, ïðîñåêè);  —
îïóøêè ëåñà; Ã — ïèòîìíèêè; Ä — ñòåïü; Å — îêîëîâîäíûå çàðîñëè è ðîññûïè êàìíåé; Æ —
îáíàæåííûå ùåáíèñòûå ñêëîíû êàíüîíà ðåêè.
ôè÷íûõ âèäîâ, ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåâåëèêî — 0,20. Òàêàÿ æå âåëè÷èíà ñõîäñòâà (0,20)
îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ äëÿ íàèìåíåå ñõîäíûõ ôàóíèñòè÷åñêè áèîòîïîâ ïåðâîé ãðóïïû:
ïîä ïîëîãîì ëåñà (À) è çàðîñëåé íà êàìåíèñòûõ áåðåãàõ ðåêè (Å).
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåïðîäîëæèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä ðàáîòû â ýòîì ðåãèîíå íå ïîçâîëÿåò
ñóäèòü î ñòåïåíè îõâàòà íàøèìè ñáîðàìè âñåãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ìåñòíîé àðàíåîôàóíû.
Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò áûâøåãî ëàáîðàíòà îòäåëà áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Óêðà-
èíû Ã. Â. Êîáåíüêà çà ïîìîùü ïðè ñáîðå ìàòåðèàëà.
Êðèâîëóöêèé Ä. À., Ïîêàðæåâñêèé À. Ä. Èíâåíòàðèçàöèÿ è îõðàíà êîìïëåêñîâ ïî÷âåííîé ôàóíû è
ôóíêöèè çàïîâåäíûõ òåððèòîðèé // Â. Å. Ñîêîëîâ, Ì. Â. Ãîðëåíêî, Ê. Ï. Ôèëîíîâ è äð.
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äåëà. — Ì. : Íàóêà, 1988. — Ñ. 91–96.
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Èçä-âî Çîîë. ìóç. ÌÃÓ, 1997. — 416 ñ.
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