Materials Kinetics Fundamentals

315 Pages·2015·5.72 MB·English

by  Ryan O'Hayre

MATERIALS KINETICS
FUNDAMENTALS

MATERIALS KINETICS
FUNDAMENTALS
Principles, Processes, and
Applications
RYAN O’HAYRE
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O’Hayre,RyanP.
Materialskineticsfundamentals:principles,processes,andapplications/RyanO’Hayre.
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ISBN978-1-118-97289-2(cloth)–978-1-11897294-6(epdf)–978-1-118-97293-9(epub)
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CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES xvii
I KINETIC PRINCIPLES
1 IntroductiontoMaterialsKinetics 3
1.1 WhatIsKinetics? / 3
1.2 KineticsVersusThermodynamics / 4
1.3 HomogeneousVersusHeterogeneousKinetics / 6
1.4 ReactionVersusDiffusion / 7
1.5 ClassifyingKineticProcesses / 9
1.6 BriefWordaboutUnits / 10
1.7 ChapterSummary / 11
1.8 ChapterExercises / 12
2 AShortDetourintoThermodynamics 14
2.1 DynamicEquilibrium / 14
2.2 Enthalpy(H),Entropy(S),andGibbsFreeEnergy(G) / 15
2.2.1 RelationshipbetweenΔG,ΔH,andΔS / 16
vii
viii CONTENTS
2.3 MolarQuantities / 18
2.4 StandardState / 19
2.5 CalculatingThermodynamicQuantities / 20
2.6 ReactionQuotientQandEquilibriumConstantK / 22
2.7 TemperatureDependenceofK / 28
2.8 ThermodynamicsofPhaseTransformations / 31
2.9 IdealGasLaw / 34
2.10 CalculatingConcentrationsforLiquidsorSolids / 36
2.10.1 CalculatingDensities/ConcentrationsinPureMaterials / 36
2.10.2 CalculatingDensities/ConcentrationsinStoichiometric
CompoundsorDiluteSolutions / 37
2.10.3 CalculatingDensities/ConcentrationsforMixturesofMultiple
Phases/Compounds / 39
2.10.4 CalculatingDensities/ConcentrationsfromCrystallographic
Information / 41
2.10.5 CalculatingSiteFractions / 42
2.11 ChapterSummary / 44
2.12 ChapterExercises / 46
3 ChemicalReactionKinetics 48
3.1 HomogeneousversusHeterogeneousChemicalReactions / 50
3.2 HomogeneousChemicalReactions / 51
3.2.1 ReactionRateEquationandk / 51
3.2.2 OrderofReaction / 51
3.2.3 Zero-OrderReactions / 53
3.2.4 First-OrderReactions / 54
3.2.5 Second-OrderReactions / 58
3.2.6 IncompleteReactions/EquilibriumReactions / 64
3.2.7 SummaryofHomogeneousReactionKinetics / 68
3.3 TemperatureDependenceofReactionKinetics:ActivationTheory / 68
3.4 HeterogeneousChemicalReactions / 72
3.4.1 EffectofCatalyst / 72
3.4.2 Gas–SolidSurfaceReactionProcesses / 75
3.5 ChapterSummary / 79
3.6 ChapterExercises / 81
4 TransportKinetics(Diffusion) 84
4.1 Flux / 85
4.2 FluxesandForces / 87