Materials for Medical Engineering, Volume 2

255 Pages·2000·9.837 MB·English

H. Stallforth, P. Revell (Editors)
Materials for Medical Engineering
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 2
MaterialsforMedicalEngineering.EditedbyH.StallforthandP.Revell
Copyright2000Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Weinheim.ISBN:3-527-30123-2
EUROMAT 99 was the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials
Societies (FEMS) with its 21 member societies across Europe.
The program of the EUROMAT 99 congress was divided into 12 topics. The scientific
coordination was managed by topic coordinators. The responsible experts for the
individual topics were:
Topic A – Materials for Information Technology
K. Grassie, Philips GmbH, Aachen (D)
Topic B – Materials for Transportation Technology
P. J. Winkler, DaimlerChrysler AG, München (D)
Topic C – Materials for Electrical Power Generation and Energy Conversion
E. Tenckhoff, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)
Topic D – Materials for Medical Engineering
H. Stallforth, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen (D)
P. Revell, University College London (UK)
Topic E – Materials for Buildings and Structures
F. H. Wittmann, ETH Zürich (CH)
Topic F1 – Characterization Methods and Procedures
Y. Bréchet, INPG, Grenoble (F)
Topic F2 – Metals
R. Wagner, FZ. Jülich (D)
Topic F3 – Ceramics
G. Müller, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg (D)
Topic F4 – Polymers
G. Wegner, MPI für Polymerforschung, Mainz (D)
P. J. Lemstra, Univ. of Eindhoven (NL)
Topic F5 – Interface Controlled Materials
M. Rühle, MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D)
Topic G – Surface Technology
H. Dimigen, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Schicht- und Oberflächentechnik IST, Braunschweig (D)
Topic H – Nano- and Microtechnology
J. Haußelt, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (D)
H. Stallforth, P. Revell (Editors)
Materials for Medical
Engineering
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 2
Deutsche Gesellschaft Weinheim · New York · Chichester
für Materialkunde e.V. Brisbane · Singapore · Toronto
Editors:
Dr. H. Stallforth Prof. Dr. P. Revell
Aesculap AG & Co. KG University College London
Postfach 40 RF Histopathology Department
78501 Tuttlingen Gower Street
Germany London WC1E 6BT
Tel.: [phone] U. K.
Fax: [phone] Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
This book was carefully procuced. Nevertheless, authors, editor and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No. applied for.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-30123-2
© WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
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Preface
Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials.
For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new
materials and their applications. EUROMAT 99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of
European Materials Societies with its 21 member societies across Europe set out to become the
most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wide range of the interdisciplinary per-
formance of materials.
EUROMAT was essentially focused on applications of materials with high innovation
potential. At the same time, fundamental approaches and processing related aspects for uncon-
ventional materials were addressed. In the frame of the 12 conference topics, 1650 papers were
originally submitted to the 52 symposia. A total of 655 have been selected as oral presentation by
the international group of chairpersons and were presented in 161 sessions. Further, the chair-
persons have selected 65 renowned experts for keynote lectures in the frame of their symposium.
Roughly 700 papers were displayed as posters.
The scope of EUROMAT was truly international. Papers originated from 57 countries.
Among them the major industrial countries of the world have contributed considerably to the
wealth of the programme. An overwhelming Eastern European contingent shows that there is a
strong interest of these countries in international cooperation.
EUROMAT 99 represents a showcase of the competence of the European materials societies.
Various European sister societies and federations act as cosponsors of the event. Joining with
FEMS, they are about to establish the network MatNet in order to promote and facilitate their
communication and cooperation. They have started a dialogue with the European Commission
in order to discuss programme goals and priorities for maintaining Europe´s global competitive-
ness. In view of this promising international perspective, the European Community has agreed
to sponsor EUROMAT 99 generously for which we are very grateful. EUROMAT 99 was focused
to a large extent on the aims of the closing 4th Framework Programme many projects of which
were presented.
EUROMAT 99 was hosted by WERKSTOFFWOCHE, a multisociety joint conference
project established in Germany in 1996. Among its initiators is the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde, one of the founding member societies of FEMS and technical organiser of this
year´s EUROMAT.
EUROMAT 99 represented an outstanding success. As the President of FEMS, I would
hope that it will serve as a model for future meetings, both in terms of organisation and international
cooperation. I would like to extend my gratitude to the scientists, chairpersons and coordinators
as well as to the various organisations and particularly to the Messe München who have made
this success possible.
Dr. Paul Costa
President of the Federation of European Materials Societies
Contents
I. Hard Tissue Implants
Influence of Physiological Media on Cyclic Deformation Behaviour of the Implant
Alloy TiAl V
6 4
D. Eifler, C. Fleck, Th. Nebel, University of Kaiserslautern (D)...............................................3
Implants for Surgery – A Survey on Metallic Materials
K.-H. Kramer, Firth-Stahl-Verkaufs-AG, Dübendorf (CH).......................................................9
FEM-Simulation of the Human Mandible: a Preliminary Step for new Osteosynthesis
Techniques
H.-J. Bauer, K.-H. Hoffmann, Caesar foundation, Bonn (D);
U. Kliegis, Nordcom medical systems, Kiel (D);
H. Deppe, R. Sader, H. Thiele, University of Technology Munich (D);
H.-F. Zeilhofer, University of Technology Munich (D)............................................................30
Improvement of the Bonding Between Metal Implant and Bone Cement in Total Joint
Replacement
H. Fischer, R. Marx, F. U. Niethard, A. E. Özgören, D. Ch. Wirtz, K. W. Zilkens, Clinic of the
University of Technology Aachen (D).......................................................................................36
Hydroxyapatite Implant Materials with Pore Size Gradients
W. Friess, P. Greil, B. Linner-Krcmar, J. Werner, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (D)....41
Microstructure Control of Synthesized Hydroxyapatite Using Colloidal Process
S. Mahara,Y. Umakoshi,H. Y. Yasuda, Osaka University (J)...................................................46
Laser Ablation Micropatterning of Screw-Shaped Dental Im-plants
D. Chakarov, J. Gold, P. Jartoft, B. Kasemo, M. Krantz, H. Reimers, Chalmers Univ. of
Technology, Göteborg (S);
C. Hallgren, A. Wennerberg, Göteborg University (S).............................................................51
Optimized Fatigue Strength of Porous Coated TiAl Fe Samples Produced by Sintering
5 2.5
J. Breme, M. Hamentgen, A. Hoffmann, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken (D)..........59
Evaluation of Castable Apatite-mullite Glass-ceramics for Medical and Dental Applications
R. Hill, University of Limerick (IRL);
P. V. Hatton, A. Johnson, J. M. Walsh, University of Sheffield (UK).......................................65
In Vivo Degradation of Composite Membrane of P(e-CL/L-LA) 50/50 Film and
P(L/D)LA 96/4 Mesh
T. Waris, Oulu University Hospital (FIN);
M. Kellomäki, P. Törmälä, K. Puumanen, University of Helsinki (FIN)..................................79
VIII
Studies and Researches on the Austenitic Stainless Steels Casting and/or Forming in order to
Provide the Conditions for Using Like Biomaterials
V. Antoniac, D. Bunea, O. Trante, C. Trante, D. Trante, ”POLITEHNICA” University of
Bucharest (RO).........................................................................................................................86
Follow-up Studies Based Material Selection for Dental Implants
W. Hund, FRIADENT GmbH, Mannheim (D);
G. Heimke, Retired from Clemson University (USA)...............................................................90
Dental Prostheses Produced by Integration of Laser Digitizing, Numerical Simulation, Rapid
Prototyping into Investment Casting Process
J. Schädlich-Stubenrauch, SPACECAST Präzisionsguss GmbH Herzogenrath (D);
M. Augthun, P. R. Sahm, H. Spiekermann, I. Wagner, M. Wu, Univ. of Technology
Aachen (D)..............................................................................................................................102
Carbon and Polymer Composites in Bone Surgery
St. Blazewicz, M. Blazewicz, J. Chlopek, E. Pamula, E. Staczków, C. Wajler, University of
Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow (P)......................................................................................109
Effect of Sterilization on Biodegradable Composite Material for Controlled Tissue
Regeneration
M. Chomyszym-Gajewska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (P);
M. Blazewicz, E. Pamula, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow (P)......................116
Subcritical Crack Growth of Dental Ceramic Materials
H. Fischer, R. Marx, J. Tinschert, Clinic of the University of Technology Aachen (D).........122
Influence of the Nb and Al Content on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al-Nb Alloys
R. Caram, R. Risso Chaves, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP (BR)........................126
Effect of Chemical Treatment of Titanium on Apatite Formation
J. Hlavác, L. Jonášová, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague (CZ)..............................132
Effect of Titanium Processing on the Bioactivity of Sodium Titanate Gel Layer
A. Helebrant, R. Mráz, J. Strnad, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague (CZ)...............139
Glass-ceramic Matrix/ZrO Particle Biocomposites
2
G. Carl, J. Vogel, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena (D);
R. Defilippi, E. Verné, Ch. Vitale Brovarone, Politecnico di Torino (I)................................146
II. Soft Tissue Implants
Surface Modifications for Improved Hemocompatibility and Wear Resistance of Titanium
Alloys Used in Artificial Heart Valves
R. Gerling, GKSS Forschungszentrum, Geesthacht (D);
T. Ebel, K.-H. Otto, Tricumed Medizintechnik GmbH, Kiel (D)............................................155
IX
Improvement of Bio- and Bloodcompatibility of Polymers by PACVD
F. Breme, J. Buttstaedt, GfE Metalle und Materialien GmbH, Nuernberg (D);
M. Doser, E. Mueller, H. Planck, Institut fuer Textil- und Verfahrenstechnik, Denkendorf (D);
G. Emig, University Erlangen-Nuernberg (D).......................................................................161
Pattern Guided Cell Growth on Gas Discharge Plasma Induced Chemical Microstructured
Polymer Surfaces
D. Keller, A. Meyer-Plath, A. Ohl, K. Schröder, Institut für Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik,
Greifswald (D);
U. Müller, Prüflabor BMP, Aachen (D).................................................................................167
Mechanical Properties of Metallic Coronary Stents
H. Brauer, Materials Science, University of Essen (D);
V. Buck, A. Fischer, University of Essen (D)..........................................................................172
New Targetable Conjugates of Anticancer Drugs with Soluble Biodegradable Polymeric
Carriers
Ch. Deuschel, P. Orsolini, Debio R. P., Martigny (CH);
J. W. Davies, Polymer Laboratories Ltd, Shropshire (GB);
A. J. Andersen, L. Anderson, Polypeptide Laboratories, Hillerod (DK);
P. Ferruti, V. Vincenzi, O. Schiavon, F. M. Veronese, Università degli Studi, Padova (IT);
J. Cassidy, University of Aberdeen (GB);
R. Duncan, J. Ford, University of London, London (GB)......................................................179
How Clean are Sterile Instruments? Parameters, Testing, Clinical Data
S. Bisson, T.W. Fengler, E. Kraas, H. Pahlke, Krankenhaus Moabit, Berlin (D);
W. Michels, Miele Gütersloh (D)............................................................................................185
III. Corrosion and Allergies
Fretting Corrosion Testing of Internal Fixation Plates and Screws
L. Eschbach, B. Gasser, A. Marti, Dr h.c. Robert Mathys Foundation, Bettlach (CH).........199
Compatibility of Titanium in Soft and Hard Tissue - The Ultimate is Osseointegration
S. G. Steinemann, University of Lausanne, Institut Straumann, Waldenburg (CH)...............205
Corrosion Behaviour and Nickel Release of Alloys with Various Nickel Contents
J. Bernauer, G. Hochörtler, K. Kriszt, Böhler Edelstahl GmbH, Kapfenberg (A).................210
Application of TLA Radio-Tracers to Measuring the Release of Metallic Allergens from
Medical Implants.
K. Abbas, C. Garcia Alonso, D.D. Gilliland, M. F. Stroosnijder, Joint Research Centre of The
European Commission, Ispra (I).............................................................................................216
A New Ni-free Corrosion Resistant High-Strength Austenitic Stainless Steel For Medical
Applications
U. Brill, Krupp VDM GmbH Altena (D).................................................................................223
X
Antimicrobial Polyurethanes for Catheters
J.G. Bauer, M. Böswald, J.-P. Guggenbichler, T. Hentschel, R.M. Joyce-Wöhrmann, S.
Lugauer, H. Münstedt, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (D)..............230
Repassivation behavior of metallic implants in inorganic and physiological electrolytes
F. Assi, H. Böhni, F. Contu, B. Elsener, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich (CH)............................236
Influence of Experimental Test Conditions on the Ni Release of a Cu-Ni Alloy in
Artificial Sweat
R. Bianchi, A. Bianchini, C. Brugnoni, M. F. Stroosnijder, Joint Research Centre – European
Commission, Ispra (I).............................................................................................................243
Development of a Bioreactor Based Test System to Investigate Plaque Induced Material
Degradation
K. Liefeith, R. Schade, Institut für Bioprozeß- und Analysenmeßtechnik e.V.,
Heiligenstadt (D)....................................................................................................................249
Author Index.........................................................................................................................257
Subject Index.........................................................................................................................259
Influence of Physiological Media on Cyclic Deformation
Behaviour of the Implant Alloy TiAl6V4
Claudia Fleck, Thorsten Nebel, Dietmar Eifler, Department of Materials Science, University
of Kaiserslautern, Germany
1 Introduction
Due to their advantageous combination of biocompatibility and mechanical properties
titanium alloys, e.g. TiAl6V4, are often used for orthopaedic and dental implants. Under
physiological conditions, these implants are subjected to a complex interaction of mechanical
variable amplitude and chemical-biological loading.
For implant materials, the cyclic deformation behaviour and the resistance to crack
formation under physiological loading conditions are of great importance. Despite the
physiological and mechanical relevance, microstructural investigations of the cyclic
deformation behaviour of TiAl6V4 under variable amplitude loading in the crack free fatigue
state have scarcely been performed. Further, the influence of different physiological media
has hardly been considered.
2 Materials and Methods
Tests have been performed on cylindrical specimens made from cold drawn bars of the (α+β)-
alloy TiAl6V4 with a very fine equiaxed microstructure meeting the requirements of DIN ISO
5832 (Fig. 1). Rotating bending specimens were made from bars with a diameter of 8 mm,
axial fatigue specimens from bars with a diameter of 12 mm. The chemical composition and
quasistatic properties slightly differ for the two charges (Table 1, 2). The alloy shows a very
high quasistatic strength and ductility. Due to the production process the bars have a <100>-
texture.
Rotating bending tests at frequencies of 5 and 10 Hz and axial stress controlled load
increase tests at a frequency of 5 Hz were performed in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C. Tests in
laboratory air at room temperature served as reference. The cyclic deformation behaviour was
characterized by the development of plastic strain amplitude and corrosion potential or
specimen temperature, respectively, over number of cycles. Microstructural fatigue damage
was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy for defined fatigue states and after
specimen failure.
MaterialsforMedicalEngineering.EditedbyH.StallforthandP.Revell
Copyright2000Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Weinheim.ISBN:3-527-30123-2