Materials for Architects and Builders

383 Pages·2007·19.79 MB·English

by  Arthur Lyons

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MATERIALS FOR ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS
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MATERIALS FOR
ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS
Third edition
ARTHUR LYONS
MA(Cantab) MSc(Warwick) PhD(Leicester) DipArchCons(Leics) Hon LRSA
Head of Quality, Principal Lecturer and Teacher Fellow, School of Architecture,
Faculty of Art and Design, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
AMSTERDAM• BOSTON(cid:127) HEIDELBERG(cid:127) LONDON(cid:127) NEWYORK(cid:127) OXFORD
(cid:127) PARIS(cid:127) SANDIEGO(cid:127) SANFRANCISCO(cid:127) SINGAPORE(cid:127) SYDNEY(cid:127) TOKYO
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
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Butterworth Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
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First Published 1997
Third edition 2007
Copyright © 2007, Arthur Lyons. Published by Elsevier 2007. All rights reserved
The right of Arthur Lyons to be identified as the author of this work has been
asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Lyons, Arthur (Arthur R.)
Materials for architects and builders. - 3rd ed.
1. Building materials
I. Title
691
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN-13: 978-0-7506-6940-5
ISBN-10: 0-7506-6940-3
For information on all Butterworth Heinemann publications
visit our web site at books.elsevier.com
Printed and bound in Italy
07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS
About the author vii 5 Ferrous and non-ferrous metals 149
Preface ix Introduction 149
Acknowledgements x Ferrous metals 149
Ferrous alloys 166
Information sources xi
Coated steels 167
Abbreviations xiii
Aluminium 169
Copper 174
1 Bricks and brickwork 1
Lead 180
Introduction 1 Zinc 183
Clay bricks 1 Titanium 188
Brickwork 15 Process ofmetallic corrosion 189
Calcium silicate bricks 22 References 191
Concrete bricks 27
References 28
6 Bitumen and flat roofing materials 197
Introduction 197
2 Blocks and blockwork 32
Cold-deck,warm-deck and
Introduction 32
inverted roofs 197
Concrete blocks 32
Built-up roofing 198
Clay blocks 38
Mastic asphalt 201
Blockwork 40
Single-ply roofing systems 203
Beam and block flooring 44
Liquid coatings 205
Landscape blockwork 44
Green roofs 206
References 45
References 207
3 Lime,cement and concrete 48
7 Glass 210
Introduction 48
Introduction 210
Lime 48
Manufacture 211
Cement 50
Non-sheet products 213
Concrete 61
Sheet products 215
Reinforced concrete 75
Intelligent glass facades 232
Visual concrete 80
Glass supporting systems 232
Concrete components 89
Glazing check list 238
References 90
References 238
4 Timber and timber products 96
Introduction 96 8 Ceramic materials 242
Timber 96 Introduction 242
Timber products 124 Ceramic products 244
References 142 References 251
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9 Stone and cast stone 254 14 Energy-saving materials and
Introduction 254 components 323
Stonework 263 Introduction 323
Deterioration ofstone 265 Photovoltaics 323
Maintenance ofstonework 269 Solar collectors 325
Cast stone 269 Light pipes 327
References 271 Wind catchers 327
References 328
10 Plastics 274
Introduction 274 15 Recycled and ecological materials 330
Polymerisation 274 Introduction 330
Polymer types 276 Straw bales 330
Additives 277 Cardboard 331
Degradation ofplastics 277 Rammed-earth and cob construction 332
Properties ofplastics 278 Earth-sheltered buildings 334
Plastics forming processes 279 Clay products 334
Plastics in construction 280 Recycled plastics 334
Recycling ofplastics 288 Papercrete 336
References 288 Sandbags 336
References 337
11 Glass-fibre reinforced plastics,
cement and gypsum 292 16 Sealants,gaskets and adhesives 338
Introduction 292 Introduction 338
Glass fibres 292 Sealants 338
Glass-fibre reinforced plastics 292 Relative movement within buildings 338
Glass-fibre reinforced cement 296 Types ofsealant 339
Glass-fibre reinforced gypsum (GRG) 298 Joint design 342
References 300 Fire-resistant sealants 343
Foam sealants 343
12 Plaster and board materials 302 Concrete joint fillers and sealants 343
Gaskets 344
Introduction 302
Adhesives 345
Gypsum plaster 302
References 348
Lime plaster 306
Calcium silicate boards 306
17 Paints,wood stains,varnishes
References 306
and colour 351
13 Insulation materials 308 Introduction 351
Introduction 308 Colour 351
Thermal and sound insulation materials 308 Paints 356
Inorganic insulation materials 309 Special paints 357
Organic insulation materials 313 Natural wood finishes 359
Aluminium foil 317 References 359
Chlorofluorocarbons in foamed plastics 318
References 319 Index 362
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Arthur Lyons is Head ofQuality in the Faculty of conservation. He has been a lecturer in building
Art and Design at De Montfort University,Leicester, materials within schools ofarchitecture and surveying
UK.He also holds the position of principal lecturer for over thirty years. Arthur Lyons was honoured
and teacher fellow in building materials in the with life membership of the Leicestershire and
Leicester School of Architecture, Department of Rutland Society of Architects in recognition of his
Product and Spatial Design, within the Faculty. He services to architects and architecture.He continues
was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and his teaching and research role in building materials
Warwick and Leicester Universities in the fields of with students ofarchitecture,architectural technology
natural sciences and polymer science and has a and interior design, in parallel with his senior
postgraduate diploma in architectural building faculty position.
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PREFACE
Materials for Architects and Builders is written as an renewed interest.The use ofchemical terminology is
introductory text to inform students at undergradu- kept to the minimum required to understand each
ate degree and national diploma level of the relevant subject area,and is only significantly used within the
visual and physical properties of a wide range of context of the structure of plastics.Tabulated data is
building materials.The third edition has been signifi- restricted to an informative level appropriate to
cantly enhanced by the incorporation of full colour student use. An extensive bibliography and listed
images throughout, illustrating the materials and in sources of technical information are provided at the
many cases their use in buildings of architectural end of each chapter to facilitate direct reference
merit. The text includes the broad environmental where necessary.
debate with sections on energy saving and recycled The text is well illustrated with over 250 line draw-
materials. There are seventeen chapters covering the ings and colour photographs,showing the production,
wide range of materials under standard headings. appearance and appropriate use of materials,but it is
Each chapter describes the manufacture,salient prop- not intended to describe construction details as these
erties and typical uses of the various materials,with are well illustrated in the standard texts on building
the aim of ensuring their appropriate application construction. Environmental concerns including
within an awareness oftheir ecological impact. energy-conscious design, and the effects of fire, are
European Standards are taking over from the pre- automatically considered as part ofthe broader under-
vious British Standards,and for most key materials standing ofthe various key materials.
the European Norms have now been published. The text is essential reading for honours and
Generally,this has led to an increase in the number foundation degree, BTEC and advanced GNVQ
of relevant standards for building materials. students of architecture, building, surveying and
However, in many cases, both the British and construction, and those studying within the broad
European Standards are current and are therefore range of built environment subjects, who wish to
included in the text and references. understand the principles relating to the appropriate
New and rediscovered old materials, where they use of construction materials.
are becoming well integrated into standard building
processes are described;other materials no longer in
use are generally disregarded,except where increased Arthur Lyons
concern for environmental issues has created March 2006
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